Given a non-empty array of integers, return the k most frequent elements.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [1,1,1,2,2,3], k = 2
Output: [1,2]
Example 2:
Input: nums = [1], k = 1
Output: [1]
Note:
- You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ number of unique elements.
- Your algorithm's time complexity must be better than O(n log n), where n is the array's size.
这道题给了我们一个数组,让统计前k个高频的数字,那么对于这类的统计数字的问题,首先应该考虑用 HashMap 来做,建立数字和其出现次数的映射,然后再按照出现次数进行排序。可以用堆排序来做,使用一个最大堆来按照映射次数从大到小排列,在 C++ 中使用 priority_queue 来实现,默认是最大堆,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: vector<int> topKFrequent(vector<int>& nums, int k) { unordered_map<int, int> m; priority_queue<pair<int, int>> q; vector<int> res; for (auto a : nums) ++m[a]; for (auto it : m) q.push({it.second, it.first}); for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) { res.push_back(q.top().second); q.pop(); } return res; } };
当然,既然可以使用最大堆,还有一种可以自动排序的数据结构 TreeMap,也是可以的,这里就不写了,因为跟上面的写法基本没啥区别,就是换了一个数据结构。这里还可以使用桶排序,在建立好数字和其出现次数的映射后,按照其出现次数将数字放到对应的位置中去,这样从桶的后面向前面遍历,最先得到的就是出现次数最多的数字,找到k个后返回即可,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: vector<int> topKFrequent(vector<int>& nums, int k) { unordered_map<int, int> m; vector<vector<int>> bucket(nums.size() + 1); vector<int> res; for (auto a : nums) ++m[a]; for (auto it : m) { bucket[it.second].push_back(it.first); } for (int i = nums.size(); i >= 0; --i) { for (int j = 0; j < bucket[i].size(); ++j) { res.push_back(bucket[i][j]); if (res.size() == k) return res; } } return res; } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/347
类似题目:
Kth Largest Element in an Array
Split Array into Consecutive Subsequences
K Closest Points to Origin
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/top-k-frequent-elements/
https://leetcode.com/problems/top-k-frequent-elements/discuss/81602/Java-O(n)-Solution-Bucket-Sort