[LeetCode] Binary Watch 二进制表

A binary watch has 4 LEDs on the top which represent the hours (0-11), and the 6 LEDs on the bottom represent the minutes (0-59).

Each LED represents a zero or one, with the least significant bit on the right.

For example, the above binary watch reads "3:25".

Given a non-negative integer n which represents the number of LEDs that are currently on, return all possible times the watch could represent.

Example:

Input: n = 1
Return: ["1:00", "2:00", "4:00", "8:00", "0:01", "0:02", "0:04", "0:08", "0:16", "0:32"]

Note:

• The order of output does not matter.
• The hour must not contain a leading zero, for example "01:00" is not valid, it should be "1:00".
• The minute must be consist of two digits and may contain a leading zero, for example "10:2" is not valid, it should be "10:02".

这道题考察我们二进制表，说实话，博主对二进制表无感，感觉除了装b没啥其他的作用，谁会看个时间还要算半天啊，但是这并不影响我们做题，我们首先来看一种写法很简洁的解法，这种解法利用到了bitset这个类，可以将任意进制数转为二进制，而且又用到了count函数，用来统计1的个数。那么时针从0遍历到11，分针从0遍历到59，然后我们把时针的数组左移6位加上分针的数值，然后统计1的个数，即为亮灯的个数，我们遍历所有的情况，当其等于num的时候，存入结果res中，参见代码如下： 

解法一：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> readBinaryWatch(int num) {
        vector<string> res;
        for (int h = 0; h < 12; ++h) {
            for (int m = 0; m < 60; ++m) {
                if (bitset<10>((h << 6) + m).count() == num) {
                    res.push_back(to_string(h) + (m < 10 ? ":0" : ":") + to_string(m));
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

上面的方法之所以那么简洁是因为用了bitset这个类，如果我们不用这个类，那么应该怎么做呢？这个灯亮问题的本质其实就是在n个数字中取出k个，那么就跟之前的那道Combinations一样，我们可以借鉴那道题的解法，那么思路是，如果总共要取num个，我们在小时集合里取i个，算出和，然后在分钟集合里去num-i个求和，如果两个都符合题意，那么加入结果中即可，参见代码如下：

解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> readBinaryWatch(int num) {
        vector<string> res;
        vector<int> hour{8, 4, 2, 1}, minute{32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1};
        for (int i = 0; i <= num; ++i) {
            vector<int> hours = generate(hour, i);
            vector<int> minutes = generate(minute, num - i);
            for (int h : hours) {
                if (h > 11) continue;
                for (int m : minutes) {
                    if (m > 59) continue;
                    res.push_back(to_string(h) + (m < 10 ? ":0" : ":") + to_string(m));
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    vector<int> generate(vector<int>& nums, int cnt) {
        vector<int> res;
        helper(nums, cnt, 0, 0, res);
        return res;
    }
    void helper(vector<int>& nums, int cnt, int pos, int out, vector<int>& res) {
        if (cnt == 0) {
            res.push_back(out);
            return;
        }
        for (int i = pos; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            helper(nums, cnt - 1, i + 1, out + nums[i], res);
        }
    }
};

下面这种方法就比较搞笑了，是博主在没法想出上面两种方法的情况下万般无奈使用的，你个二进制表再叼也就72种情况，全给你列出来，然后采用跟上面那种解法相同的思路，时针集合取k个，分针集合取num-k个，然后存入结果中即可，参见代码如下：

解法三：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> readBinaryWatch(int num) {
        vector<vector<int>> hours{{0},{1,2,4,8},{3,5,9,6,10},{7,11}};
        vector<vector<int>> minutes{{0},{1,2,4,8,16,32},{3,5,9,17,33,6,10,18,34,12,20,36,24,40,48},{7,11,19,35,13,21,37,25,41,49,14,22,38,26,42,50,28,44,52,56},{15,23,39,27,43,51,29,45,53,57,30,46,54,58},{31,47,55,59}};
        vector<string> res;
        for (int k = 0; k <= num; ++k) {
            int t = num - k;
            if (k > 3 || t > 5) continue;
            for (int i = 0; i < hours[k].size(); ++i) {
                for (int j = 0; j < minutes[t].size(); ++j) {
                    string str = minutes[t][j] < 10 ? "0" + to_string(minutes[t][j]) : to_string(minutes[t][j]);
                    res.push_back(to_string(hours[k][i]) + ":" + str);
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

参考资料：

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/59374/simple-python-java

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/59401/straight-forward-6-line-c-solution-no-need-to-explain

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/59494/3ms-java-solution-using-backtracking-and-idea-of-permutation-and-combination/2

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