C# Task的GetAwaiter和ConfigureAwait
个人感觉Task 的GetAwaiter和ConfigureAwait也是比较好理解的，首先看看他们的实现
public class Task<TResult> : Task
{
//Gets an awaiter used to await this
public new TaskAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter()
{
return new TaskAwaiter<TResult>(this);
}
//Configures an awaiter used to await this
public new ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult> ConfigureAwait(bool continueOnCapturedContext)
{
return new ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>(this, continueOnCapturedContext);
}
}
现在我们来看看TaskAwaiter<TResult>和ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>的实现：
public struct TaskAwaiter<TResult> : ICriticalNotifyCompletion
{
private readonly Task<TResult> m_task;
internal TaskAwaiter(Task<TResult> task)
{
Contract.Requires(task != null, "Constructing an awaiter requires a task to await.");
m_task = task;
}
public bool IsCompleted
{
get { return m_task.IsCompleted; }
}
public void OnCompleted(Action continuation)
{
TaskAwaiter.OnCompletedInternal(m_task, continuation, continueOnCapturedContext:true, flowExecutionContext:true);
}
public void UnsafeOnCompleted(Action continuation)
{
TaskAwaiter.OnCompletedInternal(m_task, continuation, continueOnCapturedContext:true, flowExecutionContext:false);
}
public TResult GetResult()
{
TaskAwaiter.ValidateEnd(m_task);
return m_task.ResultOnSuccess;
}
}
public struct ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>
{
private readonly ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>.ConfiguredTaskAwaiter m_configuredTaskAwaiter;
internal ConfiguredTaskAwaitable(Task<TResult> task, bool continueOnCapturedContext)
{
m_configuredTaskAwaiter = new ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>.ConfiguredTaskAwaiter(task, continueOnCapturedContext);
}
public ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>.ConfiguredTaskAwaiter GetAwaiter()
{
return m_configuredTaskAwaiter;
}
[HostProtection(Synchronization = true, ExternalThreading = true)]
public struct ConfiguredTaskAwaiter : ICriticalNotifyCompletion
{
private readonly Task<TResult> m_task;
private readonly bool m_continueOnCapturedContext;
internal ConfiguredTaskAwaiter(Task<TResult> task, bool continueOnCapturedContext)
{
Contract.Requires(task != null, "Constructing an awaiter requires a task to await.");
m_task = task;
m_continueOnCapturedContext = continueOnCapturedContext;
}
public bool IsCompleted
{
get { return m_task.IsCompleted; }
}
public void OnCompleted(Action continuation)
{
TaskAwaiter.OnCompletedInternal(m_task, continuation, m_continueOnCapturedContext, flowExecutionContext:true);
}
public void UnsafeOnCompleted(Action continuation)
{
TaskAwaiter.OnCompletedInternal(m_task, continuation, m_continueOnCapturedContext, flowExecutionContext:false);
}
public TResult GetResult()
{
TaskAwaiter.ValidateEnd(m_task);
return m_task.ResultOnSuccess;
}
}
}
public struct TaskAwaiter : ICriticalNotifyCompletion
{
private readonly Task m_task;
internal TaskAwaiter(Task task)
{
Contract.Requires(task != null, "Constructing an awaiter requires a task to await.");
m_task = task;
}
public void OnCompleted(Action continuation)
{
OnCompletedInternal(m_task, continuation, continueOnCapturedContext:true, flowExecutionContext:true);
}
public void UnsafeOnCompleted(Action continuation)
{
OnCompletedInternal(m_task, continuation, continueOnCapturedContext:true, flowExecutionContext:false);
}
internal static void OnCompletedInternal(Task task, Action continuation, bool continueOnCapturedContext, bool flowExecutionContext)
{
if (continuation == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("continuation");
StackCrawlMark stackMark = StackCrawlMark.LookForMyCaller;
// If TaskWait* ETW events are enabled, trace a beginning event for this await
// and set up an ending event to be traced when the asynchronous await completes.
if ( TplEtwProvider.Log.IsEnabled() || Task.s_asyncDebuggingEnabled)
{
continuation = OutputWaitEtwEvents(task, continuation);
}
// Set the continuation onto the awaited task.
task.SetContinuationForAwait(continuation, continueOnCapturedContext, flowExecutionContext, ref stackMark);
}
public void GetResult()
{
ValidateEnd(m_task);
}
internal static void ValidateEnd(Task task)
{
if (task.IsWaitNotificationEnabledOrNotRanToCompletion)
{
HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(task);
}
}
/// Ensures the task is completed, triggers any necessary debugger breakpoints for completing
/// the await on the task, and throws an exception if the task did not complete successfully.
private static void HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
{
if (!task.IsCompleted)
{
bool taskCompleted = task.InternalWait(Timeout.Infinite, default(CancellationToken));
Contract.Assert(taskCompleted, "With an infinite timeout, the task should have always completed.");
}
// Now that we're done, alert the debugger if so requested
task.NotifyDebuggerOfWaitCompletionIfNecessary();
// And throw an exception if the task is faulted or canceled.
if (!task.IsRanToCompletion) ThrowForNonSuccess(task);
}
}
TaskAwaiter<TResult>中的OnCompleted和UnsafeOnCompleted方法 参数continueOnCapturedContext为true，GetResult主要是调用TaskAwaiter.ValidateEnd(m_task)方法，而ConfiguredTaskAwaiter的OnCompleted和UnsafeOnCompleted方法中的m_continueOnCapturedContext参数不一定是true，是外面调用task的ConfigureAwait的参数continueOnCapturedContext，ConfiguredTaskAwaiter的GetResult也是调用TaskAwaiter.ValidateEnd(m_task)方法。那么让我们来看看TaskAwaiter的ValidateEnd方法，同时TaskAwaiter的GetResult方法也是调用自己的ValidateEnd，ValidateEnd方法主要是调用HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification方法，在HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification方法中检查task是否完成，没有完成我们就调用 task.InternalWait(Timeout.Infinite, default(CancellationToken))来阻塞task直到完成。
Task的ConfigureAwait中参数continueOnCapturedContext最后传递到了TaskAwaiter的OnCompletedInternal方法,也就是说你在调用Awaiter 的OnCompleted和UnsafeOnCompleted方法才有区别，一般调用GetResult是没有区别的。，OnCompletedInternal方法主要是调用task.SetContinuationForAwait(continuation, continueOnCapturedContext, flowExecutionContext, ref stackMark);方法，task的SetContinuationForAwait实现如下：
public class Task : IThreadPoolWorkItem, IAsyncResult, IDisposable
{
internal void SetContinuationForAwait(Action continuationAction, bool continueOnCapturedContext, bool flowExecutionContext, ref StackCrawlMark stackMark)
{
Contract.Requires(continuationAction != null);
TaskContinuation tc = null;
// If the user wants the continuation to run on the current "context" if there is one...
if (continueOnCapturedContext)
{
var syncCtx = SynchronizationContext.CurrentNoFlow;
if (syncCtx != null && syncCtx.GetType() != typeof(SynchronizationContext))
{
tc = new SynchronizationContextAwaitTaskContinuation(syncCtx, continuationAction, flowExecutionContext, ref stackMark);
}
else
{
var scheduler = TaskScheduler.InternalCurrent;
if (scheduler != null && scheduler != TaskScheduler.Default)
{
tc = new TaskSchedulerAwaitTaskContinuation(scheduler, continuationAction, flowExecutionContext, ref stackMark);
}
}
}
if (tc == null && flowExecutionContext)
{
tc = new AwaitTaskContinuation(continuationAction, flowExecutionContext: true, stackMark: ref stackMark);
}
if (tc != null)
{
if (!AddTaskContinuation(tc, addBeforeOthers: false))
tc.Run(this, bCanInlineContinuationTask: false);
}
else
{
Contract.Assert(!flowExecutionContext, "We already determined we're not required to flow context.");
if (!AddTaskContinuation(continuationAction, addBeforeOthers: false))
AwaitTaskContinuation.UnsafeScheduleAction(continuationAction, this);
}
}
}
Task的SetContinuationForAwait方法里面涉及到SynchronizationContextAwaitTaskContinuation，TaskSchedulerAwaitTaskContinuation和AwaitTaskContinuation类，他们的主要方法如下，这里我也没有去调试，：
/// Task continuation for awaiting with a current synchronization context.
internal sealed class SynchronizationContextAwaitTaskContinuation : AwaitTaskContinuation
{
private readonly static SendOrPostCallback s_postCallback = state => ((Action)state)(); // can't use InvokeAction as it's SecurityCritical
private static ContextCallback s_postActionCallback;
private readonly SynchronizationContext m_syncContext;
internal SynchronizationContextAwaitTaskContinuation(SynchronizationContext context, Action action, bool flowExecutionContext, ref StackCrawlMark stackMark) :base(action, flowExecutionContext, ref stackMark)
{
Contract.Assert(context != null);
m_syncContext = context;
}
internal sealed override void Run(Task task, bool canInlineContinuationTask)
{
if (canInlineContinuationTask && m_syncContext == SynchronizationContext.CurrentNoFlow)
{
RunCallback(GetInvokeActionCallback(), m_action, ref Task.t_currentTask);
}
else
{
TplEtwProvider etwLog = TplEtwProvider.Log;
if (etwLog.IsEnabled())
{
m_continuationId = Task.NewId();
etwLog.AwaitTaskContinuationScheduled((task.ExecutingTaskScheduler ?? TaskScheduler.Default).Id, task.Id, m_continuationId);
}
RunCallback(GetPostActionCallback(), this, ref Task.t_currentTask);
}
}
private static void PostAction(object state)
{
var c = (SynchronizationContextAwaitTaskContinuation)state;
TplEtwProvider etwLog = TplEtwProvider.Log;
if (etwLog.TasksSetActivityIds && c.m_continuationId != 0)
{
c.m_syncContext.Post(s_postCallback, GetActionLogDelegate(c.m_continuationId, c.m_action));
}
else
{
c.m_syncContext.Post(s_postCallback, c.m_action); // s_postCallback is manually cached, as the compiler won't in a SecurityCritical method
}
}
private static ContextCallback GetPostActionCallback()
{
ContextCallback callback = s_postActionCallback;
if (callback == null) { s_postActionCallback = callback = PostAction; } // lazily initialize SecurityCritical delegate
return callback;
}
}
internal sealed class TaskSchedulerAwaitTaskContinuation : AwaitTaskContinuation
{
private readonly TaskScheduler m_scheduler;
internal TaskSchedulerAwaitTaskContinuation(TaskScheduler scheduler, Action action, bool flowExecutionContext, ref StackCrawlMark stackMark) : base(action, flowExecutionContext, ref stackMark)
{
Contract.Assert(scheduler != null);
m_scheduler = scheduler;
}
internal sealed override void Run(Task ignored, bool canInlineContinuationTask)
{
// If we're targeting the default scheduler, we can use the faster path provided by the base class.
if (m_scheduler == TaskScheduler.Default)
{
base.Run(ignored, canInlineContinuationTask);
}
else
{
bool inlineIfPossible = canInlineContinuationTask &&
(TaskScheduler.InternalCurrent == m_scheduler || Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
var task = CreateTask(state => {
try { ((Action)state)(); }
catch (Exception exc) { ThrowAsyncIfNecessary(exc); }
}, m_action, m_scheduler);
if (inlineIfPossible)
{
InlineIfPossibleOrElseQueue(task, needsProtection: false);
}
else
{
try { task.ScheduleAndStart(needsProtection: false); }
catch (TaskSchedulerException) { } // No further action is necessary, as ScheduleAndStart already transitioned task to faulted
}
}
}
}
internal class AwaitTaskContinuation : TaskContinuation, IThreadPoolWorkItem
{
private readonly ExecutionContext m_capturedContext;
protected readonly Action m_action;
protected int m_continuationId;
internal AwaitTaskContinuation(Action action, bool flowExecutionContext, ref StackCrawlMark stackMark)
{
Contract.Requires(action != null);
m_action = action;
if (flowExecutionContext)
{
m_capturedContext = ExecutionContext.Capture(ref stackMark, ExecutionContext.CaptureOptions.IgnoreSyncCtx | ExecutionContext.CaptureOptions.OptimizeDefaultCase);
}
}
internal AwaitTaskContinuation(Action action, bool flowExecutionContext)
{
Contract.Requires(action != null);
m_action = action;
if (flowExecutionContext)
{
m_capturedContext = ExecutionContext.FastCapture();
}
}
protected Task CreateTask(Action<object> action, object state, TaskScheduler scheduler)
{
Contract.Requires(action != null);
Contract.Requires(scheduler != null);
return new Task( action, state, null, default(CancellationToken), TaskCreationOptions.None, InternalTaskOptions.QueuedByRuntime, scheduler)
{
CapturedContext = m_capturedContext
};
}
internal override void Run(Task task, bool canInlineContinuationTask)
{
if (canInlineContinuationTask && IsValidLocationForInlining)
{
RunCallback(GetInvokeActionCallback(), m_action, ref Task.t_currentTask); // any exceptions from m_action will be handled by s_callbackRunAction
}
else
{
TplEtwProvider etwLog = TplEtwProvider.Log;
if (etwLog.IsEnabled())
{
m_continuationId = Task.NewId();
etwLog.AwaitTaskContinuationScheduled((task.ExecutingTaskScheduler ?? TaskScheduler.Default).Id, task.Id, m_continuationId);
}
ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueCustomWorkItem(this, forceGlobal: false);
}
}
[SecurityCritical]
void ExecuteWorkItemHelper()
{
var etwLog = TplEtwProvider.Log;
Guid savedActivityId = Guid.Empty;
if (etwLog.TasksSetActivityIds && m_continuationId != 0)
{
Guid activityId = TplEtwProvider.CreateGuidForTaskID(m_continuationId);
System.Diagnostics.Tracing.EventSource.SetCurrentThreadActivityId(activityId, out savedActivityId);
}
try
{
if (m_capturedContext == null)
{
m_action();
}
else
{
try
{
ExecutionContext.Run(m_capturedContext, GetInvokeActionCallback(), m_action, true);
}
finally { m_capturedContext.Dispose(); }
}
}
finally
{
if (etwLog.TasksSetActivityIds && m_continuationId != 0)
{
System.Diagnostics.Tracing.EventSource.SetCurrentThreadActivityId(savedActivityId);
}
}
}
void IThreadPoolWorkItem.ExecuteWorkItem()
{
// inline the fast path
if (m_capturedContext == null && !TplEtwProvider.Log.IsEnabled())
{
m_action();
}
else
{
ExecuteWorkItemHelper();
}
}
private static ContextCallback s_invokeActionCallback;
private static void InvokeAction(object state) { ((Action)state)(); }
protected static ContextCallback GetInvokeActionCallback()
{
ContextCallback callback = s_invokeActionCallback;
if (callback == null) { s_invokeActionCallback = callback = InvokeAction; } // lazily initialize SecurityCritical delegate
return callback;
}
protected void RunCallback(ContextCallback callback, object state, ref Task currentTask)
{
Contract.Requires(callback != null);
Contract.Assert(currentTask == Task.t_currentTask);
var prevCurrentTask = currentTask;
try
{
if (prevCurrentTask != null) currentTask = null;
if (m_capturedContext == null) callback(state);
else ExecutionContext.Run(m_capturedContext, callback, state, true);
}
catch (Exception exc) // we explicitly do not request handling of dangerous exceptions like AVs
{
ThrowAsyncIfNecessary(exc);
}
finally
{
if (prevCurrentTask != null) currentTask = prevCurrentTask;
if (m_capturedContext != null) m_capturedContext.Dispose();
}
}
}
我在调试的时候，SetContinuationForAwait方法中的TaskContinuation是AwaitTaskContinuation实例，在AwaitTaskContinuation构造方法中【 m_capturedContext = ExecutionContext.FastCapture();】来捕获上下文。最后在Task的SetContinuationForAwait调用AwaitTaskContinuation的Run方法【tc.Run(this, bCanInlineContinuationTask: false)】，AwaitTaskContinuation的Run实现非常简单， 调用 ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueCustomWorkItem(this, forceGlobal: false);，实际就是调用AwaitTaskContinuation的ExecuteWorkItem方法，检查上下文m_capturedContext是否存在，存在调用ExecuteWorkItemHelper，ExecuteWorkItemHelper里面再调用 ExecutionContext.Run(m_capturedContext, GetInvokeActionCallback(), m_action, true); AwaitTaskContinuation是不是比较简单。SynchronizationContextAwaitTaskContinuation和TaskSchedulerAwaitTaskContinuation的Run方法就忽略吧，更简单。
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