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  • SpringBoot中的静态资源访问

    一、说在前面的话

    我们之间介绍过SpringBoot自动配置的原理,基本上是如下:

    xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
    xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

    具体可参考【SpringBoot之自动配置原理解析】

    二、静态资源映射规则

    1、对哪些目录映射?

    classpath:/META-INF/resources/ 
    classpath:/resources/
    classpath:/static/ 
    classpath:/public/
    /:当前项目的根路径

    2、什么意思?

    就我们在上面五个目录下放静态资源(比如:a.js等),可以直接访问(http://localhost:8080/a.js),类似于以前web项目的webapp下;放到其他目录下无法被访问。

    3、为什么是那几个目录?

    3.1、看源码

    我们一起来读下源码,这个是SpringBoot自动配置的WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java类来帮我们干的。

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
            logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
            return;
        }
        Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
        if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
            customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                    registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                            .addResourceLocations(
                                    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
        }
        String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
        if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
            customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                    registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                            .addResourceLocations(
                                    this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
        }
    }

    3.2、分析源码

    我们重点分析后半截,前半截后面会介绍。

    // staticPathPattern是/**
    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
    this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()
    ========>
    ResourceProperties
    public String[] getStaticLocations() {
        return this.staticLocations;
    }
    ========>
    private String[] staticLocations = RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
    ========>
    private static final String[] RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
    private static final String[] SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "/" };
    private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = {
                "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/",
                "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
    ========>
    static {
        // 可以看到如下是对上面两个数组进行复制操作到一个新数组上,也就是合并。
        RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length
                + SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length];
        System.arraycopy(SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0,
                SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
        System.arraycopy(CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS,
                SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length, CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
    }
    所以上述代码经过我的翻译后成为了如下样子:
    
    registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations(
        "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/",
                "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/", "/")
        // 设置缓存时间
        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));

    3.3、一句话概括

    WebMvcAutoConfiguration类自动为我们注册了如下目录为静态资源目录,也就是说直接可访问到资源的目录。

    classpath:/META-INF/resources/ 
    classpath:/resources/
    classpath:/static/ 
    classpath:/public/
    /:当前项目的根路径

    优先级从上到下。

    所以,如果static里面有个index.html,public下面也有个index.html,则优先会加载static下面的index.html,因为优先级!

    4、默认首页

    PS:就是直接输入ip:port/项目名称默认进入的页面。

    4.1、看源码

    WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java
    
    @Bean
    public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
          ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
       return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
             this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
    }

    4.2、分析源码

    resourceProperties.getWelcomePage()
    ========>
    public Resource getWelcomePage() {
        // 遍历默认静态资源目录后面拼接个index.html的数组
        // 比如:[/static/index.html, /public/index.html等等]
        for (String location : getStaticWelcomePageLocations()) {
            Resource resource = this.resourceLoader.getResource(location);
            try {
                if (resource.exists()) {
                    resource.getURL();
                    return resource;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                // Ignore
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    ========>
    // 下面这段代码通俗易懂,就是给默认静态资源目录后面拼接个index.html并返回,比如:/static/index.html
    private String[] getStaticWelcomePageLocations() {
        String[] result = new String[this.staticLocations.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
            String location = this.staticLocations[i];
            if (!location.endsWith("/")) {
                location = location + "/";
            }
            result[i] = location + "index.html";
        }
        return result;
    }

    所以上述代码经过我的翻译后成为了如下样子:

    return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
        "classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html",
        "classpath:/resources/index.html",
        "classpath:/static/index.html",
        "classpath:/public/index.html",
        "/index.html"
        , "/**");

    4.3、一句话概括

    WebMvcAutoConfiguration类自动为我们注册了如下文件为默认首页。

    classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html
    classpath:/resources/index.html
    classpath:/static/index.html 
    classpath:/public/index.html
    /index.html

    优先级从上到下。

    所以,如果static里面有个index.html,public下面也有个index.html,则优先会加载static下面的index.html,因为优先级!

    5、favicon.ico

    PS:就是
     
    image.png

    这个图标。

    5.1、看源码

    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    public static class FaviconConfiguration {
    
       private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
    
       public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
          this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
       }
    
       @Bean
       public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
          SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
          mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
          mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                faviconRequestHandler()));
          return mapping;
       }
    
       @Bean
       public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
          ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
          requestHandler
                .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
          return requestHandler;
       }
    
    }

    5.2、分析源码

    // 首先可以看到的是可以设置是否生效,通过参数spring.mvc.favicon.enabled来配置,若无此参数,则默认是生效的。
    @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    ========// 可以看到所有的**/favicon.ico都是在faviconRequestHandler()这个方法里找。
    mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", faviconRequestHandler()));
    ========》
    faviconRequestHandler().this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()
    // 就是之前的五个静态资源文件夹。    
    List<Resource> getFaviconLocations() {
        List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList<Resource>(
                this.staticLocations.length + 1);
        if (this.resourceLoader != null) {
            for (String location : this.staticLocations) {
                locations.add(this.resourceLoader.getResource(location));
            }
        }
        locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);
    }    

    5.3、一句话概括

    只要把favicon.ico放到如下目录下,就会自动生效。

    classpath:/META-INF/resources/ 
    classpath:/resources/
    classpath:/static/ 
    classpath:/public/
    /:当前项目的根路径

    6、webjars

    6.1、看源码

    WebMvcAutoConfiguration
    
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
            logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
            return;
        }
        Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
        if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
            customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                    registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                            .addResourceLocations(
                                    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
        }
        String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
        if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
            customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                    registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                            .addResourceLocations(
                                    this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
        }
    }

    6.2、分析源码

    这次我们来分析前半截。

    Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }

    6.3、一句话概括

    所有/webjars/**都从classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路径下去找对应的静态资源。

    6.4、什么是webjars?

    就是以jar包的方式引入静态资源。

    官网地址:http://www.webjars.org/。类似于maven仓库。

     
    image.png

    我们可以做个例子,将jquery引入到项目中

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
        <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.1</version>
    </dependency>

    看项目依赖

     
    image.png

    会自动为我们引入jquery,要怎么使用呢?我们上面说过:

    所有/webjars/*都从classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路径下去找对应的静态资源。

    所以我们启动项目,访问:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js即可。



    以上原文:
    链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/a64195021ae7

    必须在这几个路径下SpringBoot才会扫描到

    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
    "classpath:/resources/",
    "classpath:/static/",
    "classpath:/public/"
    "/":当前项目的根路径

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gu-bin/p/11129066.html
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