zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • WebApi(2.0) 第一节

    1.Restful风格:

    Get/Post/Put/Delete 语义关键字必须再方法最前面,譬如GetStudent;

    不能在其他部分,譬如HelloGetStudent、StudentGet; 方法名称也可以只包含语义关键字,譬如 public void Get(){};

    2.定制路由-路由特性

    RoutePrefix:[RoutePrefix(prefix: "api/UserLogin")]     路由前缀

    [Route(template: "AjaxLogin")]                                      路由模板

    通过定制路由前缀和路由模板,可以不通过Restful风格调用后台,实现类似MVC的action调用方式

    namespace WebApplication1.Controllers
    {
        [RoutePrefix(prefix: "api/UserLogin")]
        public class UserLoginController : ApiController
        {
            [Route(template: "Login")]
            [HttpGet]
            public string Login([FromUri] UserInfo userinfo)
            {
                return "UrlOK";
            }
    
            [Route(template: "AjaxLogin")]
            [HttpPost]
            public string AjaxLogin([FromBody] UserInfo userinfo)
            {
                return "AjaxOK";
            }
        }
    }

    启用调用方式有

    1.Url:get方式调用:http://localhost:8222/api/UserLogin/Login?userinfo="{UserName:zhangsan,UserPwd:123}",参数要保证与方法Login一致;以Url方式调用,方法需要加上特性【HttpGet】,方法参数需要加上特性【FromUri】;

    2.Ajax:post方式调用,如下代码;以Ajax方式调用,方法可以加上(非必须,ajax get方法也可以请求) 特性【HttpPost】,方法参数可以加上(非必须,ajax get方法也可以请求) 特性【FromBody】

    $.ajax({
                url: "/api/UserLogin/AjaxLogin",
                type: "post",
                data: {
                    UserName: "wangwu",
                    UserPwd: "123"
                }
            }).done(function (data) {
                console.log(data);
            })

    3.关于请求参数

       3.1 路由请求规则

    namespace WebApplication1.Controllers
    {
        public class StudentsController : ApiController
        {
            public string Get()
            {
                return "默认的get方法";
            }
    
            public string Get(string name)
            {
                return "您输入的参数name为" + name;
            }
    
            public string GetAddress1(string address2)
            {
                return "您输入的地址参数address为" + address2;
            }
        }
    }

            3.1.1 如上路由,只有请求地址http://localhost:8222/api/Students?address2=zhangsan才有效,注意QueryString里面是根据【参数名称:address2】找对应的action,不是【函数名称Address1】;

            3.1.2 或者使用ajax请求如下,注意webapi的路由规则为api/{controller}/{id},没有{action};MVC的路由规则为{controller}/{action}/{id}{action};找不到对应的参数名就会寻找默认的Get方法,注意如果都是Get请求,不能有相同的参数名称,否则会报错:ExceptionMessage: "找到了与该请求匹配的多个操作】

    $.ajax({
                url: "/api/Students",
                type: "get",
                data: {
                    name: "123"
                }
            }).done(function (data) {
                console.log(data);
            })

        3.2 Get/Post请求参数

            3.2.1 Get请求

           function btnLogin() {    //单参数传值
                var name = document.getElementById("loginName").value;
                var pwd = document.getElementById("loginPwd").value;
    
                $.ajax({
                    url: "../api/Values/LoginGetJson",
                    type: "get",
                    data: {
                        "model": JSON.stringify(new Object({
                            UserName: name,
                            UserPwd: pwd
                        }))
                    }, success: function (data) {
                        console.log("LoginGetJson:" + data);
                    }
                    , error: function (msg) {
                        console.log("LoginGetJson:" + msg.responseJSON.ExceptionMessage);
                    }
                })
    
                $.ajax({    //多参数传值
                    url: "../api/Values/LoginGetMultipleParam",
                    type: "get",
                    data: {
                        UserName: name,
                        UserPwd: pwd
                    }, success: function (data) {
                        console.log("LoginGetMultipleParam:" + data);
                    }
                    , error: function (msg) {
                        console.log("LoginGetMultipleParam:" + msg.responseJSON.ExceptionMessage);
                    }
                })
    
                $.ajax({    //对象传值
                    url: "../api/Values/LoginGetObj",
                    type: "get",
                    data: {
                        UserName: name,
                        UserPwd: pwd
                    }, success: function (data) {
                        console.log("LoginGetObj:" + data);
                    }
                    , error: function (msg) {
                        console.log("LoginGetObj:" + msg.responseJSON.ExceptionMessage);
                    }
                }) 
            [Route("LoginGetJson")]    //单参数传值
            [HttpGet]
            public string LoginGetJson(string model)
            {
                try
                {
                    UserViewModel userModel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<UserViewModel>(model);
                    if (userModel.UserName.Length >= 2 && userModel.UserPwd.Equals("123456"))
                    {
                        return "true";
                    }
                    return "false:账号密码校验失败";
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return "false:" + ex.Message;
                }
            }
    
            [Route("LoginGetMultipleParam")]    //多参数传值
            [HttpGet]
            public string LoginGetMultipleParam(string userName, string userPwd)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (userName.Length >= 2 && userPwd.Equals("123456"))
                    {
                        return "true";
                    }
                    return "false:账号密码校验失败";
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return "false:" + ex.Message;
                }
            }
    
            [Route("LoginGetObj")]    //对象传值
            [HttpGet]
            public string LoginGetObj([FromUri] UserViewModel model)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (model.UserName.Length >= 2 && model.UserPwd.Equals("123456"))
                    {
                        return "true";
                    }
                    return "false:账号密码校验失败";
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return "false:" + ex.Message;
                }
            }

            3.2.2 Post请求

            [Route("LoginPostJson")]    //单参数传值
            [HttpPost]
            public string LoginPostJson([FromBody] string model)
            {
                try
                {
                    UserViewModel userModel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<UserViewModel>(model);
                    if (userModel.UserName.Length >= 2 && userModel.UserPwd.Equals("123456"))
                    {
                        return "true";
                    }
                    return "false:账号密码校验失败";
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return "false:" + ex.Message;
                }
            }
    
            [Route("LoginPostMultipleParam")]    //多参数传值(无法实现)
            [HttpPost]
            public string LoginPostMultipleParam([FromBody] string userName, [FromBody] string userPwd)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (userName.Length >= 2 && userPwd.Equals("123456"))
                    {
                        return "true";
                    }
                    return "false:账号密码校验失败";
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return "false:" + ex.Message;
                }
            }
    
            [Route("LoginPostObj")]    //对象传值
            [HttpPost]
            public string LoginPostObj(UserViewModel model)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (model.UserName.Length >= 2 && model.UserPwd.Equals("123456"))
                    {
                        return "true";
                    }
                    return "false:账号密码校验失败";
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return "false:" + ex.Message;
                }
            }
    
            [Route("LoginPostDynamic")]    //动态类传值
            [HttpPost]
            public string LoginPostDynamic(dynamic model)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (((string)model.UserName).Length >= 2 && ((string)model.UserPwd).Equals("123456"))
                    {
                        return "true";
                    }
                    return "false:账号密码校验失败";
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return "false:" + ex.Message;
                }
            }
               $.ajax({    //单参数传值
                    url: "../api/Values/LoginPostJson",
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        "": JSON.stringify(new Object({
                            UserName: name,
                            UserPwd: pwd
                        }))
                    }, success: function (data) {
                        console.log("LoginPostJson:" + data);
                    }
                    , error: function (msg) {
                        console.log("LoginPostJson:" + msg.responseJSON.ExceptionMessage);
                    }
                })
    
                $.ajax({    //多参数传值(无法实现)
                    url: "../api/Values/LoginPostMultipleParam",
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        "": name,
                        "": pwd
                    }, success: function (data) {
                        console.log("LoginPostMultipleParam:" + data);
                    }
                    , error: function (msg) {
                        console.log("LoginPostMultipleParam:" + msg.responseJSON.ExceptionMessage);
                    }
                })
    
                $.ajax({    //对象传值
                    url: "../api/Values/LoginPostObj",
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        UserName: name,
                        UserPwd: pwd
                    }, success: function (data) {
                        console.log("LoginPostObj:" + data);
                    }
                    , error: function (msg) {
                        console.log("LoginPostObj:" + msg.responseJSON.ExceptionMessage);
                    }
                })
    
                $.ajax({    //动态类传值
                    url: "../api/Values/LoginPostDynamic",
                    type: "post",
                    contentType:"application/json",
                    data: JSON.stringify(new Object({
                        "UserName": name,
                        "UserPwd": pwd
                    })), success: function (data) {
                        console.log("LoginPostDynamic:" + data);
                    }
                    , error: function (msg) {
                        console.log("LoginPostDynamic:" + msg.responseJSON.ExceptionMessage);
                    }
                })

            3.2.3 总结:

                3.2.3.1 Get请求支持  单参数传值 / 多参数传值 / 对象传值;Post请求支持  单参数传值 / 对象传值 / 动态类传值;Get不支持动态类传值,如果实现了其实也是跟单参数string传值一样,在后台做了JsonConvert.DeserializeObject反序列化操作;

                3.2.3.2 Get请求的对象传值,在后台参数加了特性[FromUrl]Post请求的单参数传值,在后台参数加了特性[FromBody];个人理解非对象类基类型参数默认从Url拿值,对象类参数默认从Body拿值,否则需要特殊申明;

    4.其他

    4.1 不能直接访问根目录下Views文件夹里面的文件(静态文件);

          需要在Views文件夹下的web.config中配置(如果需要添加CSS文件,则另加一行,类似JS的配置)

        <remove name="BlockViewHandler"/>
        <add name="js" verb="GET,HEAD" path="*.js" type="System.Web.StaticFileHandler" />

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/guaguadache/p/14713511.html
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