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  • 野人传教士过河问题

     摘要:北京时间3月12日下午,谷歌人工智能AlphaGo与韩国棋手李世石今日进行了第三场较量,最终AlphaGo战胜李世石,连续取得三场胜利。

      随着又一次的人工智能与人类智能的世纪大战,我们不禁要思索,人工智能,是在呼唤上帝还是在召唤恶魔?此时正是时候研究一下人工智能相关理论,而本文主要论述计算机科学与技术专业大三下专业课《人工智能》第一个实验算法。


    关键字:人工智能,搜索问题,树的深度优先搜索

    The Missionaries and Cannibals Problem 

    Abstract: Beijing time on March 12 in the afternoon, Google AlphaGo and artificial intelligence, the third field of the south Korean chess player lee se-dol today, finally beat lee se-dol AlphaGo, won three consecutive victory.

    Again, as the century of artificial intelligence and human intelligence war, we can not help but to think, artificial intelligence, in calling upon god or summon demons? Now is the time to study the related theory, artificial intelligence, this paper mainly discusses the computer science and technology under the junior in professional class "artificial intelligence" in the first experiment algorithm。

    Keywords: artificial intelligence, search, depth first search tree
     

    1.问题重述
      在河的左岸有N个传教士、N个野人和一条船,传教士们想用这条船把所有人都运过河去,但有以下条件限制:

    (1)修道士和野人都会划船,但船每次最多只能运K个人;
    (2)在任何岸边野人数目都不能超过修道士,否则修道士会被野人吃掉。

    假定野人会服从任何一种过河安排,请规划出一个确保修道士安全过河的计划。

    2.问题分析
      2.1约束条件:
        ① M≧C 任何时刻两岸、船上都必须满足传教士人数不少于野人数(M=0时除外,既没有传教士) 
        ② M+C≦K 船上人数限制在K以内

      2.2求解:
        传教士与野人全部安全渡到对岸的解决方案
    3.求解过程
      3.1变量假设:
        设N=3,K=2(三个M和三个C,每次渡河二人以下)     
         L:左岸,R:右岸, 
         B:是否有船(0:无船,1:有船) 
      3.2状态表示
        定义:用三元组(ML,CL,BL)表示左岸状态,其中:
        0≦ML,CL≦3,BL∈{0,1}
        如:(0,3,1)表示左岸有三个野人,船在左岸。
        从(3,3,1)到(0,0,0)的状态转换
        状态空间:32 种状态,其中:
        12种不合理状态:如(1,0,1)说明右岸有2个M,3个C;
        4种不可能状态:如(3,3,0)说明所有M和C都在左岸,而船在右岸
        ∴可用的状态共16种,组成合理的状态空间 
        图片

            状态空间具体描述
           图片
    3.2操作集
        定义:Pmc操作:从左岸划向右岸

                     Qmc操作:从右岸划向左岸

     船上人数组合(m,c)共5种(1,0),(1,1),(2,0),(0,1),(0,2)

        ∵每一种船上的人数组合同时对应P,Q二种操作

        ∴系统共有5×2=10种操作(规则)

     如:P10:if (ML,CL,BL=1) then (ML-1,CL,BL-1)

         如果船在左岸,那么一个传教士划船到右岸

         Q01:if (ML,CL,BL=0) then (ML,CL+1,BL+1)

         如果船在右岸,那么一个野人划船回到左岸

     总共有10种操作

      F={P10,P20, P11, P01, P02, Q 10, Q 20, Q 11, Q 01, Q 02} 
      P10   if( ML ,CL , BL=1 )   then ( ML–1 , CL , BL–1 )
      P01   if( ML ,CL , BL=1 )   then ( ML , CL–1 , BL–1 )
      P11   if( ML ,CL , BL=1 )   then ( ML–1 , CL–1 ,BL –1 )
      P20   if( ML ,CL , BL=1 )   then ( ML–2 , CL , BL–1 )
      P02   if( ML ,CL , BL=1 )   then ( ML , CL–2 , BL–1 )
      Q10   if( ML ,CL , BL=0 )   then ( ML+1 , CL ,BL+1 )
      Q01   if( ML ,CL , BL=0 )   then ( ML , CL+1 , BL+1 )
      Q11   if( ML ,CL , BL=0 )   then ( ML+1 , CL +1,BL +1 )
      Q20   if( ML ,CL , BL=0 )   then ( ML+2 , CL +2,BL +1 ) 
      Q02   if( ML ,CL , BL=0 )   then ( ML , CL +2, BL+1 ) 
    3.3控制策略
        最短路径有4条,由11次操作构成。

    (P11、Q10、P02、Q01、P20、Q11、P20、Q01、P02、Q01、P02)
    (P11、Q10、P02、Q01、P20、Q11、P20、Q01、P02、Q10、P11)
    (P02、Q01、P02、Q01、P20、Q11、P20、Q01、P02、Q01、P02) 
    (P02、Q01、P02、Q01、P20、Q11、P20、Q01、P02、Q10、P11)  
    3.4状态空间图
         状态空间图是一个有向图,图中的节点代表状态,节点之间的连线代表操作,箭头代表状态的转换方向。
     图片

    图片 图片

     3.5状态空间的一般搜索过程
        OPEN表:用于存放刚生成的节点 
        CLOSE表:用于存放将要扩展或已扩展的节点 
        1) 把初始节点S0放入OPEN表,并建立只含S0的图,记为G 
    OPEN:=S0,G:=G0(G0=S0) 
        2) 检查OPEN表是否为空,若为空则问题无解,退出 
    LOOP:IF(OPEN)=() THEN EXIT(FAIL) 
        3) 把OPEN表的第一个节点取出放入CLOSE表,记该节点为节点n 
    N:=FIRST(OPEN),REMOVE(n,OPEN),ADD(n,CLOSE) 
        4) 观察节点n是否为目标节点,若是,则求得问题的解,退出 
    IF GOAL(n) THEN EXIT(SUCCESS) 
        5) 扩展节点n,生成一组子节点.把其中不是节点n先辈的那些子节点记作集合M,并把这些节点作为节点n的子节点加入G中.
    EXPAND(n)-->M(mi),G:=ADD(mi,G) 
        针对M中子节点的不同情况,分别进行如下处理 
        对于那些未曾在G中出现过的M成员设置一个指向父节点(n)的指针,并把它放入OPEN表 
        对于那些先前已在G中出现过的M成员,确定是否要修改指向父节点的指针 
        对于那些先前已在G中出现,并且已经扩展了的M成员,确定是否需要修改其后继结点指向父节点的指针 
        6) 按某种搜索策略对OPEN表中的节点进行排序 
        7) 转第2步

      针对本题,设置OPEN、CLOSED两个队列分别存放待扩展节点和已扩展节点;
      对每个生成的新节点,要检查上述两表中是否已存在,是否是非法节点;
      (合法节点满足:
      ML=0||ML=3||ML=CL)

      每扩展一个节点应记录产生合法后继节点的操作,以便最后给出操作序列;  
    4.程序设计
      4.1数据结构
      节点状态用列表(m,c,b)表示,其中m表示传教士在左岸的人数; c表示野人在左岸的人数;b表示船是否在左岸,当b=1时,表示船在左岸,当b=0时,表式船在右岸。

        初始状态:    (3,3,1)
         目标状态: (0,0,0)
         操作算子: 船上人数组合(m,c)共5种 (1,0),(1,1),(2,0),(0,1),(0,2)
         因此算法有10种
         1)  从右岸向左岸过1个传教士,0个野人
         2)  从右岸向左岸过1个传教士,1个野人
         3)  从右岸向左岸过2个传教士,0个野人
         4)  从右岸向左岸过0个传教士,1个野人
         5)  从右岸向左岸过0个传教士,2个野人
         6)  从左岸向右岸过1个传教士,0个野人 
         7)  从左岸向右岸过1个传教士,1个野人
         8)  从左岸向右岸过2个传教士,0个野人
         9)  从左岸向右岸过0个传教士,1个野人
         10)  从左岸向右岸过0个传教士,2个野人

         状态节点:   
          typedef struct st
          {   
             int m;         //传教士
             int c;         //野人
             int b;         //船左
           }state;               //状态

    将有效的状态节点存储在树中

    Tree 中的节点

           typedef struct hnode
           {
             state  s;
             struct hnode *left;   
             struct hnode *right;
           }node;

    Open表,closed表 用队列存储

    //定义队列中的节点
    typedef structQueuenode
    {
      node   * np;
      struct  Queuenode*next;
    }Qnode;                    //队列中节点

    //定义队列
    typedef structQueue
    {
      Qnode *front;
      Qnode *rear;
    }queue;            

    4.2代码设计

    4.2.1面向对象的迭代方法

     

      1 #include <iostream>
      2 using namespace std;
      3 
      4 typedef struct MCNode
      5 {
      6     int m;
      7     int c;
      8     int b;
      9     int num;
     10     struct MCNode *next;
     11     struct MCNode *last;
     12 }MCNode;
     13 
     14 class List
     15 {
     16 private:
     17     MCNode *head;
     18     MCNode *rear;
     19     MCNode *current;
     20 public:
     21     List();
     22     friend bool operator==(MCNode &node1,MCNode &node2);
     23     void push_front(MCNode cNode);
     24     void push_back(MCNode cNode);
     25     void pop_front();
     26     void pop_back();
     27     MCNode &front();
     28     MCNode &back();
     29     void print_list();
     30     bool hit_target(MCNode &cNode);
     31     bool legal(MCNode &cNode);
     32     bool empty();
     33     bool exist(MCNode &cNode);
     34 };
     35 
     36 List::List()
     37 {
     38     head=new MCNode();
     39     rear=head;
     40     head->m=3;
     41     head->c=3;
     42     head->b=1;
     43     head->num=0;
     44     head->last=NULL;
     45     head->next=NULL;
     46 }
     47 
     48 bool operator==(MCNode &node1,MCNode &node2)
     49 {
     50     if(node1.m==node2.m&&node1.c==node2.c&&node1.b==node2.b)
     51         return true;
     52     else
     53         return false;
     54 }
     55 
     56 void List::push_front(MCNode cNode)
     57 {
     58     (*head).last=new MCNode();
     59     head->last->next=head;
     60     head=head->last;
     61     head->m=cNode.m;
     62     head->c=cNode.c;
     63     head->b=cNode.b;
     64     head->num=cNode.num;
     65     head->last=NULL;
     66 }
     67 
     68 void List::push_back(MCNode cNode)
     69 {
     70     (*rear).next=new MCNode();
     71     rear->next->last=rear;
     72     rear=rear->next;
     73     rear->m=cNode.m;
     74     rear->c=cNode.c;
     75     rear->b=cNode.b;
     76     rear->num=cNode.num;
     77     rear->next=NULL;
     78 }
     79 
     80 void List::pop_front()
     81 {
     82     if(head->next!=NULL)
     83     {
     84         head=head->next;
     85         head->last=NULL;
     86     }
     87     else
     88     {
     89         head=NULL;
     90         rear=NULL;
     91     }
     92 }
     93 
     94 void List::pop_back()
     95 {
     96     if(rear->last!=NULL)
     97     {
     98         rear=rear->last;
     99         rear->next=NULL;
    100     }
    101     else
    102     {
    103         head=NULL;
    104         rear=NULL;
    105     }
    106 }
    107 
    108 MCNode &List::front()
    109 {
    110     return *head;
    111 }
    112 
    113 MCNode &List::back()
    114 {
    115     return *rear;
    116 }
    117 
    118 void List::print_list()
    119 {
    120     MCNode current;
    121     current=*head;
    122     while(true)
    123     {
    124         cout<<current.num<<","<<current.m<<","<<current.c<<","<<current.b<<endl;
    125         if(current.next==NULL)
    126             break;
    127         else
    128         {
    129             current.c=current.next->c;
    130             current.m=current.next->m;
    131             current.b=current.next->b;
    132             current.num=current.next->num;
    133             current.next=current.next->next;
    134         }
    135     }system("pause");
    136 }
    137 
    138 bool List::hit_target(MCNode &cNode)
    139 {
    140     MCNode goalNode;
    141     goalNode.m=0;
    142     goalNode.c=0;
    143     goalNode.b=0;
    144     if(cNode==goalNode)
    145         return true;
    146     else
    147         return false;
    148 }
    149 
    150 bool List::legal(MCNode &cNode)
    151 {
    152     if(cNode.m>=0&&cNode.m<=3&&cNode.c>=0&&cNode.c<=3)
    153     {
    154         if((cNode.m==cNode.c)||(cNode.m==3)||(cNode.m==0))
    155             return true;
    156         else
    157             return false;
    158     }
    159     else
    160         return false;
    161 }
    162 
    163 bool List::empty()
    164 {
    165     if(head==NULL)
    166         return true;
    167     else
    168         return false;
    169 }
    170 
    171 bool List::exist(MCNode &cNode)
    172 {
    173     MCNode *current;
    174     current=head;
    175     while(current!=NULL)
    176     {
    177         if(cNode.b==current->b&&
    178             cNode.c==current->c&&cNode.m==current->m)
    179             return true;
    180         else
    181             current=current->next;
    182     }
    183     return false;
    184 }
    185 
    186 void print(MCNode &cNode)
    187 {
    188     cout<<"节点输出:"<<endl;
    189     cout<<cNode.num<<" "<<cNode.m<<","<<cNode.c<<","<<cNode.b<<endl;
    190     system("pause");
    191 }
    192 
    193 void expandNode(List &opend,List &closed)
    194 {
    195     int ii;
    196     MCNode cNode=opend.front();
    197     MCNode node[5];
    198     if(cNode.b==1)
    199     {
    200         for(ii=0;ii<5;ii++)
    201         {
    202             node[ii].b=0;
    203         }
    204         node[0].m=cNode.m-1;
    205         node[0].c=cNode.c;
    206         node[1].m=cNode.m;
    207         node[1].c=cNode.c-1;
    208         node[2].m=cNode.m-1;
    209         node[2].c=cNode.c-1;
    210         node[3].m=cNode.m-2;
    211         node[3].c=cNode.c;
    212         node[4].m=cNode.m;
    213         node[4].c=cNode.c-2;
    214     }
    215     else
    216     {
    217         for(ii=0;ii<5;ii++)
    218         {
    219             node[ii].b=1;
    220         }
    221         node[0].m=cNode.m+1;
    222         node[0].c=cNode.c;
    223         node[1].m=cNode.m;
    224         node[1].c=cNode.c+1;
    225         node[2].m=cNode.m+1;
    226         node[2].c=cNode.c+1;
    227         node[3].m=cNode.m+2;
    228         node[3].c=cNode.c;
    229         node[4].m=cNode.m;
    230         node[4].c=cNode.c+2;
    231     }
    232     for(ii=opend.front().num;ii!=5;ii++)
    233     {
    234         opend.front().num++;
    235         if(opend.legal(node[ii])&&!opend.exist(node[ii]))
    236         {
    237             opend.push_front(node[ii]);
    238             opend.front().num=0;
    239             closed.push_back(opend.front());
    240             return;
    241         }
    242     }
    243 }
    244 
    245 void proceeding(List &opend,List &closed)
    246 {
    247     int ii;
    248     int NUM=0;
    249     while(!opend.empty())
    250     {
    251         //opend.print_list();
    252         if(opend.hit_target(opend.front()))
    253         {
    254             NUM++;
    255             cout<<"The "<<NUM<<"st route is found!"<<endl;
    256             closed.print_list();
    257             cout<<endl;
    258             opend.pop_front();
    259             closed.pop_front();
    260         }
    261         else if(opend.front().num!=5)
    262         {
    263             expandNode(opend,closed);
    264         }
    265         else
    266         {
    267             opend.pop_front();
    268             closed.pop_back();
    269         }
    270     }
    271 }
    272 
    273 int main(int argc,char** argv)
    274 {
    275     List opend,closed;
    276     proceeding(opend,closed);
    277     system("pause");
    278     return 0;
    279 }

     

    4.2.2单函递归法

     

      1 #include<iostream>
      2 using namespace std;
      3    
      4 #define MAX 1024
      5                     
      6 typedef struct rule
      7 {    
      8     int missionary;
      9     int savage;
     10 }Rule;
     11 
     12 typedef struct node
     13 {
     14     int missionary;
     15     int savage;    
     16     int boat;      
     17     int direct;
     18 }Node;
     19                                
     20 typedef struct sequenceStack
     21 {
     22     Node data[MAX];
     23     int top;
     24 }SequenceStack;        
     25 
     26 int NUM=0;
     27 
     28 bool stack_empty(SequenceStack &stack)
     29 {
     30     if(stack.top==-1)      
     31     {
     32         return true;
     33     }
     34     return false;
     35 }
     36 
     37 bool stack_full(SequenceStack &stack)
     38 {
     39     if(stack.top==MAX-1)      
     40     {
     41         return true;
     42     }
     43     return false;
     44 }
     45 
     46 bool stack_push(SequenceStack &stack,Node &node)
     47 {
     48     if(stack_full(stack))
     49     {
     50         cout<<"The stack is full,pushing failed!"<<endl;
     51         return false;
     52     }
     53     stack.top++; 
     54     stack.data[stack.top].missionary=node.missionary;
     55     stack.data[stack.top].savage=node.savage;  
     56     stack.data[stack.top].boat=node.boat;  
     57     stack.data[stack.top].direct=node.direct;
     58     return true;      
     59 }
     60 
     61 bool stack_pop(SequenceStack &stack)         
     62 {
     63     if(stack_empty(stack))
     64     {
     65         cout<<"The stack is empty,poping failed!"<<endl;
     66         return false;
     67     }
     68     stack.top--; 
     69     return true; 
     70 }
     71 
     72 bool node_reach(Node &node)
     73 {
     74     if(node.missionary==0&&node.savage==0&&node.boat==0)
     75     {
     76         return true;
     77     }
     78     return false;
     79 }
     80 
     81 bool node_equal(Node &node1,Node &node2)
     82 {
     83     if(node1.missionary==node2.missionary&&
     84         node1.savage==node2.savage&&
     85         node1.boat==node2.boat)
     86     {
     87         return true;
     88     }
     89     return false;
     90 }
     91 
     92 bool node_visited(SequenceStack &stack,Node &node)
     93 {
     94     int ii;
     95     for(ii=0;ii<=stack.top;ii++)
     96     {
     97         if(node_equal(stack.data[ii],node))             
     98         {
     99             return true;
    100         }
    101     }        
    102     return false;             
    103 }
    104 
    105 void stack_print(SequenceStack &stack)
    106 {
    107     int ii;
    108     cout<<"The "<<++NUM<<"st method is:"<<endl;
    109     for(ii=0;ii<=stack.top;ii++)
    110     {
    111         cout<<"("<<stack.data[ii].missionary;
    112         cout<<","<<stack.data[ii].savage;
    113         cout<<","<<stack.data[ii].boat<<")"<<endl;
    114     }
    115     cout<<endl;
    116     system("pause");
    117 }
    118 
    119 void rule_print(int ruleset_num,Rule *rule)
    120 {
    121     int ii;
    122     for(ii=0;ii<ruleset_num;ii++)
    123     {
    124         cout<<"("<<rule[ii].missionary<<","<<rule[ii].savage<<")"<<endl;
    125     }
    126     cout<<endl;
    127     system("pause");
    128 }
    129 
    130 void rule_set(int &sample,int &capacity,Rule *rule) 
    131 {
    132     int ii,ij,ik=0;
    133     for(ii=0;ii<sample;ii++)
    134     {
    135         for(ij=0;ij<sample;ij++)
    136         {
    137             if(ii==0&&ij==0)
    138             {
    139                 continue;
    140             }
    141             if(ii+ij<=capacity)
    142             {
    143                 rule[ik].missionary=ii;
    144                 rule[ik++].savage=ij;
    145             }
    146         }
    147     }    
    148 }
    149 
    150 int ruleset_num_get(int &sample,int &capacity)   
    151 {
    152     int ii,ij,num=0;
    153     for(ii=0;ii<sample;ii++) 
    154     {
    155         for(ij=0;ij<sample;ij++)
    156         {
    157             if(ii==0&&ij==0)
    158             {
    159                 continue;
    160             }
    161             if(ii+ij<=capacity)
    162             {
    163                 num++;
    164             }
    165         }
    166     }
    167     return num;    
    168 }
    169 
    170 void init(SequenceStack &stack,int &ruleset_num,int &sample,int &capacity)
    171 {
    172     cout<<"Please enter the initial number of savages and missionaries:"<<endl;
    173     cin>>sample;
    174     cout<<"Please enter the ship's carrying capacity:"<<endl;
    175     cin>>capacity;
    176     ruleset_num=ruleset_num_get(sample,capacity);
    177     cout<<"
    There is a total of "<<ruleset_num<<" sets of rules:"<<endl;
    178     stack.top=0;
    179     stack.data[stack.top].missionary=sample;
    180     stack.data[stack.top].savage=sample;
    181     stack.data[stack.top].boat=1;
    182     stack.data[stack.top].direct=0;
    183 }
    184 
    185 void processing(SequenceStack &stack,Rule *rule,int &ruleset_num,int &sample)
    186 {
    187     Node cNode;
    188     if(node_reach(stack.data[stack.top]))
    189     {
    190         stack_print(stack);
    191     }
    192     else
    193     {
    194         while(stack.data[stack.top].direct<ruleset_num)
    195         {
    196             if(stack.data[stack.top].boat==1)   
    197             {   
    198                 cNode.missionary=stack.data[stack.top].missionary-
    199                     rule[stack.data[stack.top].direct].missionary;
    200                 cNode.savage=stack.data[stack.top].savage-
    201                     rule[stack.data[stack.top].direct].savage;
    202                 cNode.boat=0;
    203                 cNode.direct=0;
    204                 if(node_visited(stack,cNode)==false&&
    205                     (cNode.missionary==cNode.savage||
    206                     cNode.missionary==0||cNode.missionary==sample)&&
    207                     (cNode.missionary>=0)&&(cNode.missionary<=sample)&&
    208                     (cNode.savage>=0)&&(cNode.savage<=sample))
    209                 {
    210                     stack_push(stack,cNode);   
    211                     processing(stack,rule,ruleset_num,sample);
    212                     stack_pop(stack);
    213                 }
    214             }
    215             else                           
    216             {
    217                 cNode.missionary=stack.data[stack.top].missionary+
    218                     rule[stack.data[stack.top].direct].missionary;
    219                 cNode.savage=stack.data[stack.top].savage+
    220                     rule[stack.data[stack.top].direct].savage;
    221                 cNode.boat=1;
    222                 cNode.direct=0;
    223                 if(node_visited(stack,cNode)==false&&
    224                     (cNode.missionary==cNode.savage||
    225                     cNode.missionary==0||cNode.missionary==sample)&&
    226                     (cNode.missionary>=0)&&(cNode.missionary<=sample)&&
    227                     (cNode.savage>=0)&&(cNode.savage<=sample))
    228                 {
    229                     stack_push(stack,cNode);   
    230                     processing(stack,rule,ruleset_num,sample);
    231                     stack_pop(stack);
    232                 }
    233             }
    234             stack.data[stack.top].direct++;
    235         }
    236     }
    237 }
    238 
    239 int main(int argc,char **argv)
    240 {
    241     SequenceStack stack;
    242     Rule *rule;
    243     int ruleset_num,sample,capacity;
    244     init(stack,ruleset_num,sample,capacity);
    245     rule=new Rule[ruleset_num];
    246     rule_set(sample,capacity,rule);
    247     rule_print(ruleset_num,rule);
    248     processing(stack,rule,ruleset_num,sample);
    249     system("pause");
    250     return 0;
    251 }

    4.2.3双函递归法

      1 #include<stdio.h>
      2 #include<stdlib.h>
      3 #define MAXSIZE 1024
      4 
      5 typedef struct Rule
      6 {
      7     int mm;
      8     int cc;
      9 }Rule;
     10 Rule rule[5]={{1,0},{0,1},{1,1},{2,0},{0,2}};
     11 
     12 typedef struct Node  
     13 {
     14     int m;
     15     int c;
     16     int b; 
     17 }Node;
     18 
     19 typedef Node elemtype;
     20 
     21 typedef struct SequenStack 
     22 {
     23     elemtype data[MAXSIZE];
     24     int top;
     25 }SequenStack;
     26 
     27 int NUM=0;
     28 
     29 int visited(SequenStack *open,Node newnode) 
     30 {
     31     int ii=0;
     32     if(open->top!=-1)
     33     {
     34         for(ii=0;ii!=open->top;ii++)
     35         {
     36             if(newnode.m==open->data[ii].m&&
     37             newnode.c==open->data[ii].c&&
     38             newnode.b==open->data[ii].b) 
     39             {
     40                 return 1;
     41             }    
     42         }
     43     }
     44     return 0;
     45 }
     46 
     47 int legal(SequenStack *open,Node newnode) 
     48 { 
     49     int i=visited(open,newnode);
     50     if(i==0) 
     51     {
     52         if(newnode.m>=0&&newnode.m<=3&&newnode.c>=0&&newnode.c<=3) 
     53         {
     54             if(newnode.m==0||newnode.m==3||newnode.m==newnode.c) 
     55             {
     56                 return 1;
     57             }
     58         }
     59     }
     60     return 0;
     61 }
     62 
     63 int Pop_SequenStack(SequenStack *S) 
     64 {    
     65     if(S->top==-1) 
     66     {
     67         printf("The linear list is empty,poping to stack failed!
    ");
     68         return 0;
     69     }
     70     else
     71     {
     72         S->top--;
     73         return 1;    
     74     }
     75 }
     76 
     77 int Push_SequenStack(SequenStack *S,Node node) 
     78 {    
     79     if(S->top>=MAXSIZE-1) 
     80     {
     81         printf("The linear list is full,pushing to stack failed!
    ");
     82         return 0;
     83     }
     84     S->top++;
     85     S->data[S->top]=node;
     86     return 1;
     87 }
     88 
     89 void print_result(SequenStack *open) 
     90 {
     91     int ii;
     92     printf("第%d种:
    ",++NUM );
     93     if(open->top!=-1)
     94     {
     95         for(ii=0;ii<=open->top;ii++)
     96         {
     97             printf("(%d,%d,%d)
    ",open->data[ii].m,
     98                 open->data[ii].c,open->data[ii].b);
     99         }
    100     }
    101     printf("
    ");
    102     system("pause");
    103 }
    104 
    105 void print(SequenStack *open) 
    106 {
    107     int ii;
    108     if(open->top!=-1)
    109     {
    110         for(ii=0;ii<=open->top;ii++)
    111         {
    112             printf("(%d,%d,%d)-->",open->data[ii].m,
    113                 open->data[ii].c,open->data[ii].b);
    114         }
    115     }
    116     printf("
    ");
    117     system("pause");
    118 }
    119 void DFS(SequenStack *open,Node newnode);
    120 
    121 void processing(SequenStack *open,Node newnode) 
    122 {
    123     int ii,flag;
    124     Node node;
    125     node.m=newnode.m;
    126     node.c=newnode.c;
    127     node.b=newnode.b;
    128     if(node.b==1) 
    129     {
    130         for(ii=0;ii<5;ii++) 
    131         {
    132             node.m=newnode.m-rule[ii].mm;
    133             node.c=newnode.c-rule[ii].cc;
    134             node.b=0;
    135             flag=legal(open,node);
    136             if(flag==1) 
    137             {
    138                 Push_SequenStack(open,node);
    139                 DFS(open,node);
    140                 Pop_SequenStack(open);
    141             }
    142         }
    143     }
    144     else 
    145     {
    146         for(ii=0;ii<5;ii++) 
    147         {
    148             node.m=newnode.m+rule[ii].mm;
    149             node.c=newnode.c+rule[ii].cc;
    150             node.b=1;
    151             flag=legal(open,node);
    152             if(flag==1) 
    153             {
    154                 Push_SequenStack(open,node);
    155                 DFS(open,node);
    156                 Pop_SequenStack(open);
    157             }
    158         }
    159     }
    160 }
    161 
    162 void DFS(SequenStack *open,Node node) 
    163 {
    164     if(node.m==0&&node.c==0&&node.b==0) 
    165     {
    166         print_result(open);
    167     }
    168     else 
    169     {
    170         processing(open,node);
    171     }
    172 }
    173 
    174 Node init_node()
    175 {
    176     Node node;
    177     node.m=3;
    178     node.c=3;
    179     node.b=1;
    180     return node;
    181 }
    182 
    183 SequenStack * Init_open() 
    184 {
    185     SequenStack *open;
    186     open=(SequenStack * )malloc(sizeof(SequenStack));
    187     open->top=-1;
    188     return open;
    189 }
    190 
    191 int main(int argc,char **argv) 
    192 {
    193     SequenStack *open=Init_open();
    194     Node node=init_node();
    195     Push_SequenStack(open,node);
    196     DFS(open,node);
    197     system("pause");
    198     return 0;
    199 }

    4.2.4类集框架迭代版

      1 #include <iostream>
      2 #include <vector>
      3 #include <list>
      4 using namespace std;
      5 
      6 typedef struct MCNode
      7 {
      8     int m;
      9     int c;
     10     int b;
     11     int num;
     12 }MCNode;
     13 
     14 int NUM=0;
     15 
     16 bool operator==(MCNode &m1,MCNode &m2)
     17 {
     18     if(m1.m==m2.m&&m1.c==m2.c&&m1.b==m2.b)
     19         return true;
     20     else
     21         return false;
     22 }
     23 
     24 bool goal(MCNode &cNode)
     25 {
     26     MCNode goalNode;
     27     goalNode.m=0;
     28     goalNode.c=0;
     29     goalNode.b=0;
     30     if(cNode==goalNode)
     31         return true;
     32     else
     33         return false;
     34 }
     35 
     36 bool legal(MCNode &cNode)
     37 {
     38     if(cNode.m>=0&&cNode.m<=3&&cNode.c>=0&&cNode.c<=3)
     39     {
     40         if((cNode.m==cNode.c)||(cNode.m==3)||(cNode.m==0))
     41             return true;
     42         else
     43             return false;
     44     }
     45     else
     46         return false;
     47 }
     48 
     49 bool visited(MCNode cNode,list<MCNode> &opend)
     50 {
     51     list<MCNode>::iterator it;
     52     for(it=opend.begin();it!=opend.end();it++)
     53     {
     54         if(it->m==cNode.m&&it->c==cNode.c&&it->b==cNode.b)
     55             return true;
     56     }
     57     return false;
     58 }
     59 
     60 void print_list(list<MCNode> &opend)
     61 {
     62     list<MCNode>::iterator it;
     63     for(it=opend.begin();it!=opend.end();it++)
     64     {
     65         cout<<it->num<<","<<it->m<<","<<it->c<<","<<it->b<<endl;
     66     }
     67     system("pause");
     68 }
     69 
     70 void print_result(vector<MCNode> &closed)
     71 {
     72     vector<MCNode>::iterator it;
     73     for(it=closed.begin();it!=closed.end();it++)
     74     {
     75         cout<<it->num<<","<<it->m<<","<<it->c<<","<<it->b<<endl;
     76     }
     77     cout<<endl;
     78     system("pause");
     79 }
     80 
     81 void expandNode(list<MCNode> &opend,vector<MCNode> &closed)
     82 {
     83     int ii;
     84     MCNode cNode=opend.front();
     85     MCNode node[5];
     86     if(cNode.b==1)
     87     {
     88         for(ii=0;ii<5;ii++)
     89         {
     90             node[ii].b=0;
     91         }
     92         node[0].m=cNode.m-1;
     93         node[0].c=cNode.c;
     94         node[1].m=cNode.m;
     95         node[1].c=cNode.c-1;
     96         node[2].m=cNode.m-1;
     97         node[2].c=cNode.c-1;
     98         node[3].m=cNode.m-2;
     99         node[3].c=cNode.c;
    100         node[4].m=cNode.m;
    101         node[4].c=cNode.c-2;
    102     }
    103     else
    104     {
    105         for(ii=0;ii<5;ii++)
    106         {
    107             node[ii].b=1;
    108         }
    109         node[0].m=cNode.m+1;
    110         node[0].c=cNode.c;
    111         node[1].m=cNode.m;
    112         node[1].c=cNode.c+1;
    113         node[2].m=cNode.m+1;
    114         node[2].c=cNode.c+1;
    115         node[3].m=cNode.m+2;
    116         node[3].c=cNode.c;
    117         node[4].m=cNode.m;
    118         node[4].c=cNode.c+2;
    119     }
    120     for(ii=opend.front().num;ii!=5;ii++)
    121     {
    122         opend.front().num++;
    123         if(legal(node[ii])&&!visited(node[ii],opend))
    124         {
    125             opend.push_front(node[ii]);
    126             opend.front().num=0;
    127             closed.push_back(opend.front());
    128             return;
    129         }
    130     }
    131 }
    132 
    133 void proceeding(list<MCNode> &opend,vector<MCNode> &closed)
    134 {
    135     int ii;
    136     while(!opend.empty())
    137     {
    138         //print_list(opend);
    139         if(goal(opend.front()))
    140         {
    141             NUM++;
    142             cout<<"The "<<NUM<<"st route is found!"<<endl;
    143             print_result(closed);
    144             opend.pop_front();
    145             closed.pop_back();
    146         }
    147         else if(opend.front().num!=5)
    148         {
    149             expandNode(opend,closed);
    150         }
    151         else
    152         {
    153             opend.pop_front();
    154             closed.pop_back();
    155         }
    156     }
    157 }
    158 
    159 MCNode initNode()
    160 {
    161     MCNode cNode;
    162     cNode.m=3;
    163     cNode.c=3;
    164     cNode.b=1;
    165     cNode.num=0;
    166     return cNode;
    167 }
    168 
    169 int main(int argc,char** argv)
    170 {
    171     list<MCNode> opend;
    172     vector<MCNode> closed;
    173     opend.push_front(initNode());
    174     proceeding(opend,closed);
    175     system("pause");
    176     return 0;
    177 }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/guanghe/p/5485800.html
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