【七】zuul路由网关

一、zuul是什么？
zuul 包含以下两个最主要的功能：
1.路由功能:   负责将外部请求转发到具体的微服务实例上，是实现外部访问统一入口的基础。
2.过滤器功能: 则负责对请求的处理过程进行干预，是实现请求校验、服务聚合等功能的基础． 
Zuul 和 Eureka 进行整合将Zuul自身注册为 Eureka服务治理下的应用，同时从Eureka中获得其他微服务的消息，也即以后的访问微服务都是通过Zuul跳转后获得。
注意： Zuul 服务最终还是会注册进 Eureka 
提供 ＝ 代理 ＋ 路由 ＋ 过滤 三大功能



二、zuul路由的基本配置

1. 新建Modeul模块microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527
2. pom文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- zuul路由网关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hystrix容错 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 日常标配 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 热部署插件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3.application.yml

server: 
  port: 9527
 
spring: 
  application:
    name: microservicecloud-zuul-gateway
 
eureka: 
  client: 
    service-url: 
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka  
  instance:
    instance-id: gateway-9527.com
    prefer-ip-address: true 
 
info:
  app.name: everjiankang-microcloud
  company.name: www.everjiankang.com
  build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
  build.version: $project.version$

4.修改host文件
127.0.0.1　　myzuul.com

5. 主启动类新添加注解：@EnableZuulProxy

package com.everjiankang.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp.class, args);
    }
}

启动：
三个eureka集群
一个服务提供类：microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
一个路由

测试：
1.不用路由：http://localhost:8001/dept/get/1
2.使用路由：http://myzuul.com:9527/microservicecloud-dept/get/2


三、路由访问映射规则

1、工程名称：microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527

2、代理名称：YML新增：

　　before:

　　http://myzuul.com:9527/microservicecloud-dept/get/2

zuul:
  routes: 
    mydept.serviceId: microservicecloud-dept
    mydept.path: /mydept/**

　　after

　　http://myzuul.com:9527/mydept/get/2

3.禁止先前的非映射的url
　　此时可以通过before和after 2种方式访问，这有安全缺陷，禁掉before的url

zuul: 
    ignored-services: microservicecloud-dept #禁止掉某个微服务的原访问地址
　　 #ignore-services: "*"  # 禁用掉所有的微服务的原访问地址

 4、添加域名映射前缀

zuul: 
    prefix: xiaochao

此时：

http://myzuul.com:9527/mydept/get/2  url访问无效

http://myzuul.com:9527/xiaochao/mydept/get/2 ok

终极结果：

zuul: 
  #ignored-services: microservicecloud-dept
  prefix: /xiaochao
  ignored-services: "*"
  routes: 
    mydept.serviceId: microservicecloud-dept
    mydept.path: /mydept/**