zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • java集合类学习笔记之ArrayList

    1、简述

        ArrayList底层的实现是使用了数组保存所有的数据,所有的操作本质上是对数组的操作,每一个ArrayList实例都有一个默认的容量(数组的大小,默认是10),随着

      对ArrayList不断增加元素,默认的数组会不断的向新数组进行拷贝,由于ArrayList的内部是通过对数组的操作实现的,所以它是线程不安全的

    2、实现

      a、构造方法:

         AyyarList一共提供了三种构造方法:        

     /**
         * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
         *
         * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
         *         is negative
         */
        public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
            if (initialCapacity > 0) {
                this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
            } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
                this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
            } else {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                                   initialCapacity);
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
         */
        public ArrayList() {
            this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
         * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
         * iterator.
         *
         * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
         */
        public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
            elementData = c.toArray();
            if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
                // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
                if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                    elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
            } else {
                // replace with empty array.
                this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
            }
        }
    View Code

         在jdk1.8中,ArrayList的无参构造方法默认的是创建了一个空的数组,只有当你第一次添加是时候才会设置它的默认长度为10 ,在jdk1.6中无参构造方法默认

        的就是创建一个长度为10 的空数组

      b、定义内部数组:

        

    /**
         * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
         * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
         * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
         * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
         */
        transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

        关于transient关键字的说明可以参考我的另外一篇博客 java学习笔记之对象序列化

    3、ArrayList的操作

      增加操作:  

        add(E e):  

    /**
         * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
         *
         * @param e element to be appended to this list
         * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
         */
        public boolean add(E e) {
            ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
            elementData[size++] = e;
            return true;
        }

           调用add(E e)方法时首先会调用ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity)去判断是否需要对集合进行扩容,然后默认的将新插入的对象放到内部数组的末尾,

        当内部数组需要扩容时,每次直接将数组的长度值原来的两倍,这种操作的代价是很高的,所以在使用过程中我们尽量避免数组的扩容,当可以预知数组长度的时候

        可以在构造的时候久指定其长度

              

        add(int index, E element)

        

    /**
         * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this
         * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and
         * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
         *
         * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
         * @param element element to be inserted
         * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
         */
        public void add(int index, E element) {
            rangeCheckForAdd(index);
    
            ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                             size - index);
            elementData[index] = element;
            size++;
        }

            在调用add(int index, E element)方法想ArrayList中插入一条数据时,这个方法内部先去判断传入的下表是否大于数组的长度。大于的话就会

          抛出IndexOutOfBoundsException异常,插入的下表小于数组的长度的时候,再去判断数组是否需要扩容,最后再调用System.arraycopy方法将数组下表大于传入

          的index的元素全部后移以为,并将插入的元素放到index位置

        addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)

      

    /**
         * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of
         * this list, in the order that they are returned by the
         * specified collection's Iterator.  The behavior of this operation is
         * undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation
         * is in progress.  (This implies that the behavior of this call is
         * undefined if the specified collection is this list, and this
         * list is nonempty.)
         *
         * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
         * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call
         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
         */
        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
            Object[] a = c.toArray();
            int numNew = a.length;
            ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount
            System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
            size += numNew;
            return numNew != 0;
        }

          在调用addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) 插入一个集合时,这个方法内部先去判断增加这个集合数组是否需要扩容,然后调用

        arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos,Object dest, int destPos,int length)方法将新增加的集合放到数组的末尾

      更新操作:

          

    public E set(int index, E e) {
                rangeCheck(index);
                checkForComodification();
                E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index);
                ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e;
                return oldValue;
            }

          在调用set(int index,E e)方法修改里面的值时,方法内部先去检查index下表是都超过数组的最大长度,然后再检查是否有其他的线程对这个对象的长度

        进行修改了(所以是线程不安全的,多线程同时操作容易直接抛异常),最后是直接替换数组中下表index对应的值

      删除操作:

          

    /**
         * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
         * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
         * indices).
         *
         * @param index the index of the element to be removed
         * @return the element that was removed from the list
         * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
         */
        public E remove(int index) {
            rangeCheck(index);
    
            modCount++;
            E oldValue = elementData(index);
    
            int numMoved = size - index - 1;
            if (numMoved > 0)
                System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                                 numMoved);
            elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    
            return oldValue;
        }

          在调用remove(int index)删除ArrayList中的数据时,首先校验传入的下标index是大于数组的长度,然后取出将要被删除的数并判断下标index之后是否还有元素,

        如果有的话将下标之后的元素全部往前移动一位,并最终将删除的元素的值返回

  • 相关阅读:
    国产开源软件
    Tomcat系统架构
    移动端前端常见的触摸相关事件touch、tap、swipe
    spring配置文件详解
    Java获取文件中视频的时长
    java命令行导出、导入sql文件
    Java国密相关算法(bouncycastle)
    Java中将对象转换为Map的方法
    Virtual Box虚拟机下CentOS网络设置
    VirtualBox安装虚拟机全过程
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gulang-jx/p/7997664.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看