现在以ajax发送一个请求,注意get和post的区别,post会被forbidden,get不会,
url 文件
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^login/', views.login), url(r'^ajax_send/', views.ajax_send), ]
在views文件中,
def ajax_send(request): return HttpResponse("ok")
在前端页面,,
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="{% static 'jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script> </head> <body> <button>ajax发送</button> </body> <script> $("button").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"/ajax_send/", data:{"user":"gu"}, type:"POST", ----------如果以get请求是不会被forbidden,只有post请求会被forbidden, success:function (data) { alert(data) } }) }) </script> </html>
ajax的post请求会报错,forbidden
Forbidden (CSRF token missing or incorrect.): /ajax_send/
[10/Dec/2017 10:58:41] "POST /ajax_send/ HTTP/1.1" 403 2502
Forbidden (CSRF token missing or incorrect.): /ajax_send/
[10/Dec/2017 10:59:22] "POST /ajax_send/ HTTP/1.1" 403 2502
Forbidden (CSRF token missing or incorrect.): /ajax_send/
如果想要避免forbidden,
方法1:要在ajax发送请求前加上
$.ajaxSetup({
data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken:'{{ csrf_token }}'},
});
注意:{{ csrf_token }} ,是需要渲染的,不能脱离模板,所以是外部文件引入的话,不能执行,
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="{% static 'jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script> </head> <body> <button>ajax发送</button> </body> <script> $("button").click(function () { $.ajaxSetup({ data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken:'{{ csrf_token }}'},--------- }); $.ajax({ url:"/ajax_send/", data:{"user":"gu"}, type:"POST", success:function (data) { alert(data) } }) }) </script> </html>
方法2:在ajax发送请求是加上csrfmiddlewaretoken,的值,
$.ajax({ url:"/ajax_send/", data:{"user":"gu","csrfmiddlewaretoken":$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()},-----与方法1的功能一样,
但这种方法可以作为一个外部文件引入, type:"POST", success:function (data) { alert(data) } }) })
-------
方法3:修改header,
在views打印cookie可以得到csrftoken
def index(request): print("cookie",request.COOKIES) #cookie { # 'csrftoken': 'AB9v1MGTbdpSGg3FaGCIiUxrKVR8zKSqgdGFDn5E0ADsJ2ST7N2zgW6KboQ8G31x', # 'sessionid': 'eexw5p38vky9qo38nf372dz5lj1br6xf' # } #cookie 是浏览器给的, return HttpResponse("index")
需要先下载一个jquery.cookie.js插件文件,然后引用,
<script src="{% static 'jquery.cookie.js' %}"></script>
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> {# <script src="{% static 'jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script>#} <script src="{% static 'jquery.cookie.js' %}"></script> </head> <body> {#<form action="/login/" method="post">#} {# csrf_token 在前端会渲染出一个input标签,是一组键值对,键是csrfmiddlewaretoken,值是随机字符串,会随着下面的input标签一起提交,只有这种形式发送post的请求才能被接收,#} {##} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {# <p>用户名:{{ form_obj.user }}</p>#} {# <p>密 码:{{ form_obj.pwd }}</p>#} {# <input type="submit">#} {##} {#</form>#} <button>ajax发送</button> </body> <script> {# $("button").click(function () {#} {##} {# $.ajaxSetup({#} {# data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken:'{{ csrf_token }}'},#} {# });#} {##} {# $.ajax({#} {##} {# url:"/ajax_send/",#} {# data:{"user":"gu","csrfmiddlewaretoken":$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()},#} {# type:"POST",#} {# success:function (data) {#} {# alert(data)#} {# }#} {##} {#{)#} $('button').click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"/ajax_send/", type:"post", headers:{"X_CSRFToken":$.cookie('csrftoken')},--------------- success:function () { alert(123) } }) }) </script> </html>
-----
input 标签的上传文件,
在前端页面
{#发送文件的时候,要加上enctype ,是以块的方式发送文件,#} <form action="/login/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="fileobj"> </form> <button>ajax发送</button>
在views文件中,获取文件,保存文件,
def login(request): if request.method == "POST": print("post",request.POST.get("fileobj")) print("post",type(request.POST.get("fileobj"))) print("===",request.FILES) fileobj = request.FILES.get("fileobj") #创建一个文件句柄,把文件存起来, f=open(fileobj.name,'wb') for i in fileobj.chunks():#按块存 f.write(i)