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  • Python数据类型(列表和元组)

    1.3 List(列表)

    列表由一系列按特定顺序排列的元素组成。
    Python中,用方括号[ ]来表示列表,并用逗号来分隔其中的元素。

    1.3.1 访问列表元素

    Python中,第一个列表元素的索引为0,而不是1。

    >>> bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
    >>> print(bicycles[0])
    trek
    >>> print(bicycles[3])
    specialized
    >>> print(bicycles[-1])
    specialized
    

    注意:通过将索引指定为-1,可让Python返回最后一个列表元素。索引-2返回倒数第二个列表元素,索引-3返回倒数第三个列表元素,以此类推。

    1.3.2 添加元素

    >>> motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> motorcycles.append('ducati')
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
    

    1.3.3 修改元素

    >>> motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    

    1.3.4 在列表中插入元素

    >>> motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> motorcycles.insert(1, 'ducati')
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    

    1.3.5 删除元素

    >>> motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> del motorcycles[1]
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'suzuki']
    

    弹出列表元素

    >>> motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()
    >>> print(popped_motorcycle)
    suzuki
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'yamaha']
    >>> print(motorcycles.pop(0))
    honda
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['yamaha']
    

    有时候,你不知道要从列表中删除的值所处的位置。如果你只知道要删除的元素的值,可使用方法remove()

    >>> motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
    >>> motorcycles.remove('yamaha')
    >>> print(motorcycles)
    ['honda', 'suzuki']
    

    1.3.6 对列表排序

    >>> cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
    >>> cars.sort()
    >>> print(cars)
    ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
    >>> print(len(cars))
    4
    

    1.3.7 遍历列表

    >>> magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
    >>> for magician in magicians:
            print(magician)
    
    	
    alice
    david
    carolina
    >>> 
    

    1.3.8 创建数值列表

    >>> for value in range(1,5):
            print(value)
    
    	
    1
    2
    3
    4
    >>> 
    
    >>> numbers = list(range(1,6))
    >>> print(numbers)
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> even_numbers = list(range(2,11,2))
    >>> print(even_numbers)
    [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
    

    对数字列表执行简单的统计计算

    >>> digits = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
    >>> min(digits)
    0
    >>> max(digits)
    9
    >>> sum(digits)
    45
    

    1.3.9 列表生成式(List Comprehensions)

    >>> squares = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]
    >>> print(squares)
    [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
    
    >>> [x * x for x in range(1, 11) if x % 2 == 0]
    [4, 16, 36, 64, 100]
    >>> [m + n for m in 'ABC' for n in 'XYZ']
    ['AX', 'AY', 'AZ', 'BX', 'BY', 'BZ', 'CX', 'CY', 'CZ']
    >>> d = {'x': 'A', 'y': 'B', 'z': 'C' }
    >>> [k + '=' + v for k, v in d.items()]
    ['x=A', 'y=B', 'z=C']
    >>> L = ['Hello', 'World', 'IBM', 'Apple']
    >>> [s.lower() for s in L]
    ['hello', 'world', 'ibm', 'apple']
    

    1.3.10 使用列表的一部分

    你可以处理列表的部分元素,Python称之为切片
    要创建切片,可指定要使用的第一个元素和最后一个元素的索引。

    >>> players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
    >>> print(players[0:3])
    ['charles', 'martina', 'michael']
    >>> print(players[:4]) # 如果你没有指定第一个索引,Python将自动从列表开头开始
    ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence']
    >>> print(players[2:]) # 要让切片终止于列表末尾,也可使用类似的语法
    ['michael', 'florence', 'eli']
    >>> print(players[-3:]) # 负数索引返回离列表末尾相应距离的元素
    ['michael', 'florence', 'eli']
    

    复制列表

    my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
    friend_foods = my_foods[:] # 使用[:]来复制列表
    
    my_foods.append('cannoli')
    friend_foods.append('ice cream')
    
    print("My favorite foods are:")
    print(my_foods)
    
    print("
    My friend's favorite foods are:")
    print(friend_foods)
    
    # My favorite foods are:
    # ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'cannoli']
    # 
    # My friend's favorite foods are:
    # ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'ice cream']
    

    1.4 Tuple(元组)

    Python将不能修改的值称为不可变的,而不可变的列表称为元组
    元组看起来犹如列表,但使用圆括号而不是方括号来标识。
    元组中只包含一个元素时,需要在元素后面添加逗号,否则括号会被当作运算符使用。

    >>> tup1 = (50)
    >>> type(tup1)
    <class 'int'>
    >>> tup1 = (50,)
    >>> type(tup1)
    <class 'tuple'>
    

    参考资料:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gzhjj/p/10658224.html
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