zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 迷宫问题

    迷宫问题(基本BFS+保存路径)

    题目链接:POJ 3984

    Description

    定义一个二维数组:

    int maze[5][5] = {

    0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
    
    0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
    
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    
    0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
    
    0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
    

    };

    它表示一个迷宫,其中的1表示墙壁,0表示可以走的路,只能横着走或竖着走,不能斜着走,要求编程序找出从左上角到右下角的最短路线。

    Input

    一个5 × 5的二维数组,表示一个迷宫。数据保证有唯一解。

    Output

    左上角到右下角的最短路径,格式如样例所示。

    Sample Input

    0 1 0 0 0
    0 1 0 1 0
    0 0 0 0 0
    0 1 1 1 0
    0 0 0 1 0

    Sample Output

    (0, 0)
    (1, 0)
    (2, 0)
    (2, 1)
    (2, 2)
    (2, 3)
    (2, 4)
    (3, 4)
    (4, 4)

    题解:

    本题是基本的BFS搜索寻求最短路,然后要去输出最短路径。输出最短路径可以用一个数组保存每一个的前一个位置,也可以直接在结构体中多定义一个变量pre,作为每一个点的前驱,定义一个自己的队列。下面两份代码都给出。

    代码:

    数组保存

    #include<iostream>
    #include<sstream>
    #include<algorithm>
    #include<cstdio>
    #include<string.h>
    #include<cctype>
    #include<string>
    #include<cmath>
    #include<iomanip>
    #include<vector>
    #include<stack>
    #include<queue>
    #include<map>
    #include<set>
    using namespace std;
    int num[6][6];
    int vis[6][6];
    int dx[4] = { 1,0,-1,0 }, dy[4] = { 0,1,0,-1 };
    struct  Point
    {
    	int x, y;
    }temp1,temp2;
    Point pre[10][10];
    Point ans[30];
    queue<Point>q;
    
    int main()
    {
    	memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
    	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
    			cin >> num[i][j];
    	temp1.x = 0, temp2.x = 0;
    	vis[0][0] = 1;
    	q.push(temp1);
    	while (!q.empty())
    	{
    		temp1 = q.front();
    		q.pop();
    		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    		{
    			temp2.x = temp1.x + dx[i], temp2.y =temp1.y + dy[i];
    			if (temp2.x >=0 && temp2.y >=0 && temp2.x< 5&&temp2.y < 5 &&!vis[temp2.x][temp2.y]&&num[temp2.x][temp2.y]==0)
    			{
    				q.push(temp2);
    				vis[temp2.x][temp2.y] = vis[temp1.x][temp1.y] + 1;
    				pre[temp2.x][temp2.y].x = temp1.x;//保存前一个位置的横坐标
    				pre[temp2.x][temp2.y].y = temp1.y;
    			}
    		
    		}
    		if (vis[4][4])break;
    	}
    	int lastx = 4, lasty = 4;
    	int x1,y1, num = 0;
    	while (lastx||lasty)
    	{
    		ans[num].x = lastx;
    		ans[num++].y = lasty;
    		x1 = lastx;
    		y1 = lasty;
    		lastx = pre[x1][y1].x;
    		lasty = pre[x1][y1].y;
    	}
    	printf("(0, 0)\n");
    	for (int i = num - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    		printf("(%d, %d)\n", ans[i].x, ans[i].y);
    	return 0;
    }
    

    结构体保存

    #include<iostream>
    #include<cstring>
    using namespace std;
    int maze[5][5];
    int vis[5][5];
    int dx[4] = { 1,0,-1,0 };
    int dy[4] = { 0,1,0,-1 };
    //不能用stl里面的队列,因为会删除节点,现在只定义一个队列,维护头尾指针即可,指针的移动代表删除添加
    struct quequ {
    	int x, y, pre;
    }q[100];
    void output(int  cur)
    {
    	if (q[cur].pre != -1)
    		output(q[cur].pre);
    		cout << "(" << q[cur].x << ", " << q[cur].y << ")" << endl;
    }
    void BFS()
    {
    	int front, rear;
    	q[front = rear = 0].x = 0;
    	q[front].y = 0;
    	q[rear++].pre = -1;
    	vis[0][0] = 1;
    	while (front<rear)
    	{
    		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    		{
    			int x = q[front].x + dx[i];
    			int y = q[front].y + dy[i];
    			if (maze[x][y] == 0 && !vis[x][y] && x >= 0 && x < 5 && y >= 0 && y < 5)
    			{
    				vis[x][y] = 1;
    				q[rear].x= x;
    				q[rear].pre = front;
    				q[rear++].y = y;
    			}
    			if (x == 4 && y == 4)
    			{
    				output(front);
    				cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
    				return;
    			}
    		}
    		front++;
    	}
    }
    int main()
    {
    	memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
    	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
    			cin >> maze[i][j];
    	BFS();
    	return 0;
    }
    
  • 相关阅读:
    centos8下安装Dlib
    如何在CentOS7上安装桌面环境
    PIL、Pillow安装使用方法
    Linux -ls-列出文件的详细信息
    ValueError: Object arrays cannot be loaded when allow_pickle=False
    AttributeError: module 'keras.backend' has no attribute 'set_image_dim_ordering'
    CentOS安装CMake
    ValueError: Object arrays cannot be loaded when allow_pickle=False
    Keras requires TensorFlow 2.2 or higher
    importError: libSM.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gzr2018/p/9691028.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看