本章介绍使用 Junit4 测试 SpringBoot,关于 Junit4 的基本使用 参考:【Junit】Junit快速入门
关于SpringMVC项目搭建参考,参考:【Maven】Eclipse 使用Maven创建SpringMVC Web项目
一、项目框架
1、新建一个SpringMVC项目
2、引入Junit4依赖,项目完整依赖如下:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 6 7 <groupId>org.example</groupId> 8 <artifactId>test-junit-springmvc</artifactId> 9 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 10 11 <properties> 12 <!-- spring --> 13 <spring.version>5.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version> 14 <!-- Servlet --> 15 <servlet.version>3.0.1</servlet.version> 16 <jsp-api.version>2.2</jsp-api.version> 17 <!-- jstl --> 18 <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> 19 <standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version> 20 21 <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> 22 <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> 23 </properties> 24 25 <dependencies> 26 <!-- Spring --> 27 <dependency> 28 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 29 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 30 <version>${spring.version}</version> 31 </dependency> 32 33 <!-- Spring Test 模块 --> 34 <dependency> 35 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 36 <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> 37 <version>${spring.version}</version> 38 <scope>test</scope> 39 </dependency> 40 41 42 <!-- Servlet --> 43 <dependency> 44 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 45 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 46 <version>${servlet.version}</version> 47 <scope>provided</scope> 48 </dependency> 49 <dependency> 50 <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> 51 <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> 52 <version>${jsp-api.version}</version> 53 <scope>provided</scope> 54 </dependency> 55 56 <!-- jstl --> 57 <dependency> 58 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 59 <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 60 <version>${jstl.version}</version> 61 </dependency> 62 <dependency> 63 <groupId>taglibs</groupId> 64 <artifactId>standard</artifactId> 65 <version>${standard.version}</version> 66 </dependency> 67 68 <!-- JSON --> 69 <dependency> 70 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> 71 <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> 72 <version>2.9.3</version> 73 </dependency> 74 75 <dependency> 76 <groupId>junit</groupId> 77 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 78 <version>RELEASE</version> 79 <scope>test</scope> 80 </dependency> 81 </dependencies> 82 83 </project>
3、项目controller如下:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
1 package com.test.junit.mvc.controller; 2 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; 6 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 7 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 9 import java.util.HashMap; 10 import java.util.Map; 11 12 @Controller 13 public class HelloController { 14 15 @RequestMapping("/hello") 16 @ResponseBody 17 public String hello(){ 18 return "Hello World"; 19 } 20 21 @RequestMapping("/map") 22 @ResponseBody 23 public Map map(){ 24 Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); 25 map.put("name", "xiaoming"); 26 map.put("age", "18"); 27 return map; 28 } 29 30 @RequestMapping(value="/getView") 31 public ModelAndView getView(HttpServletRequest request){ 32 System.out.println("getView"); 33 ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("test-jsp"); 34 return modelAndView; 35 } 36 37 }
4、编辑测试类
1 package com.test.junit.mvc; 2 3 4 import org.junit.Before; 5 import org.junit.Test; 6 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.http.MediaType; 9 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; 10 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; 11 import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; 12 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; 13 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult; 14 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; 15 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; 16 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers; 17 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders; 18 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext; 19 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 20 21 22 // SpringRunner 继承了SpringJUnit4ClassRunner, 23 // 没有扩展任何功能;使用SpringRunner,名字简短而已 24 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 25 // @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 26 // Web项目配置 27 @WebAppConfiguration 28 // 上下文配置 29 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml", "classpath:spring/spring-context.xml"}) 30 public class TestMVC { 31 32 @Autowired 33 private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext; 34 35 private MockMvc mockMvc; 36 37 @Before 38 public void setup() { 39 // 构建mockMvc 对象 40 this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build(); 41 } 42 43 44 @Test 45 public void getView() throws Exception { 46 ResultActions resultActions = this.mockMvc.perform( 47 // 数据的格式请求的url,请求的方法是get 48 MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/getView") 49 ); 50 // 打印调试结果到控制台 51 resultActions.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()); 52 // 获取返回结果 53 MvcResult mvcResult = resultActions.andReturn(); 54 // 获取视图 55 ModelAndView modelAndView = mvcResult.getModelAndView(); 56 System.out.println(modelAndView); 57 } 58 59 @Test 60 public void map() throws Exception { 61 ResultActions resultActions = this.mockMvc.perform( 62 // 数据的格式请求的url,请求的方法是get 63 MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/map") 64 .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) 65 ); 66 resultActions.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()); 67 MvcResult mvcResult = resultActions.andReturn(); 68 System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString()); 69 } 70 71 @Test 72 public void hello() throws Exception { 73 ResultActions resultActions = this.mockMvc.perform( 74 // 数据的格式请求的url,请求的方法是get 75 MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")); 76 // 打印调试结果到控制台 77 resultActions.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()); 78 // 获取返回结果 79 MvcResult mvcResult = resultActions.andReturn(); 80 System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString()); 81 } 82 }
关于 MockMvc 的使用
参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/zengls/p/11316454.html
参考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/98074553