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  • 675. Cut Off Trees for Golf Event

    问题:

    给定二维数组,每个格子:

    • 0:代表不可行走,不可种树
    • 1:代表可行走,未种树
    • x>1:代表,种了高x的树

    从forest[0][0]开始出发,从最低高度的树开始砍伐,依次向更高的树前进进行砍伐。

    问是否最终能砍完所有的树。

    可以的话,返回行走步数。不可以的话,返回-1。

    ⚠️ 注意:从[0][0]开始出发,但不一定[0][0]的树高满足一开始就能砍伐的条件,有可能砍完别的树,还得回[0][0]来砍伐。

    Example 1:
    Input: forest = [[1,2,3],[0,0,4],[7,6,5]]
    Output: 6
    Explanation: Following the path above allows you to cut off the trees from shortest to tallest in 6 steps.
    
    Example 2:
    Input: forest = [[1,2,3],[0,0,0],[7,6,5]]
    Output: -1
    Explanation: The trees in the bottom row cannot be accessed as the middle row is blocked.
    
    Example 3:
    Input: forest = [[2,3,4],[0,0,5],[8,7,6]]
    Output: 6
    Explanation: You can follow the same path as Example 1 to cut off all the trees.
    Note that you can cut off the first tree at (0, 0) before making any steps.
     
    Constraints:
    m == forest.length
    n == forest[i].length
    1 <= m, n <= 50
    0 <= forest[i][j] <= 109
    

      

    解法:BFS

    思路:

    • 先根据给定的forest的各个位置的树高,构建树高结构体:treeh
      • {树高,i坐标,j坐标}
    • 将treeh按照【树高】进行从低到高排序。
      • 这即是我们要砍伐树木的顺序。
    • 从[0][0]开始,到treeh[0]->treeh[1]->treeh[2]...->treeh[n]
      • 任意两节点间都找到能走的最近的距离。相加即为最终结果。
      • 若两节点间不存在路径,直接返回-1。

    求任意两节点【cur,des】间的最近距离,使用BFS

    • 将cur加入queue中,
    • 向四个方向,尝试走下一步,
      • 再从所有下一步,的四个方向,在尝试走下下一步...
    • 这其中每层queue即为一步。step++  -> level

    在尝试过程中,下一步

    • 非法:触到边缘 | | visited=1访问过 | | forest=0不可走
    • 合法:
      • 找到dest,直接返回step
      • 未找到dest,当前节点入队。

    ⚠️  注意:

    在queue构建中,尽量使用pair替代vector,可减少每次入队创建元素的花销

    代码参考:

     1 class Solution {
     2 public:
     3     int m,n;
     4     int findShortest(vector<vector<int>>& forest, int curi, int curj, int desi, int desj) {
     5         //BFS: find shortest route from cur -> des
     6         if(curi==desi && curj==desj) return 0;
     7         vector<vector<int>> visited(n, vector<int>(m, 0));
     8         queue<pair<int,int>> q;//(i,j)
     9         //queue use pair instead of vector to avoid TLE err.
    10         // cause inf while loop below, evey time to push queue, should construct a new vector.
    11         vector<int> dir({-1,0,1,0,-1});
    12         q.push({curi, curj});
    13         visited[curi][curj]=1;
    14         int step=0;//level
    15         int sz=0;
    16         int cur[2]={0};
    17         while(!q.empty()) {
    18             step++;
    19             sz = q.size();
    20             for(int k=0; k<sz; k++) {
    21                 cur[0] = q.front().first;
    22                 cur[1] = q.front().second;
    23                 q.pop();
    24                 for(int i=1; i<dir.size(); i++) {
    25                     int nexti = cur[0]+dir[i-1];
    26                     int nextj = cur[1]+dir[i];
    27                     if(nexti<0 || nexti>=n || nextj<0 || nextj>=m 
    28                        || visited[nexti][nextj]==1 || forest[nexti][nextj]==0)
    29                         continue;
    30                     if(nexti==desi && nextj==desj) return step;
    31                     q.push({nexti, nextj});
    32                     visited[nexti][nextj]=1;
    33                 }
    34             }
    35         }
    36         return -1;
    37     }
    38     int cutOffTree(vector<vector<int>>& forest) {
    39         if(forest.empty() || forest[0].empty()) return 0;
    40         vector<vector<int>> treeh;
    41         int res=0;
    42         n = forest.size();
    43         m = forest[0].size();
    44         //create treeheight structure: {high, i, j}
    45         for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    46             for(int j=0; j<m; j++) {
    47                 if(forest[i][j]>1) {
    48                     treeh.push_back({forest[i][j], i, j});
    49                 }
    50             }
    51         }
    52         //sort treeh by height from short->tall
    53         sort(treeh.begin(), treeh.end());
    54         //Start from [0][0]->treeh[0]
    55         res = findShortest(forest, 0, 0, treeh[0][1], treeh[0][2]);
    56         //then treeh[0]->treeh[1]...
    57         int step = 0;
    58         for(int i=1; i<treeh.size(); i++) {
    59             //curtree=(treeh[i-1][1], treeh[i-1][2]);
    60             //nexttree=(treeh[i][1], treeh[i][2]);
    61             step = findShortest(forest, treeh[i-1][1], treeh[i-1][2], treeh[i][1], treeh[i][2]);
    62             if(step==-1) return -1;
    63             else res+=step;
    64         }
    65         return res;
    66     }
    67 };
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/habibah-chang/p/14458568.html
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