本文作者：geek，一个聪明好学的朋友
1. 简介
开发中我们需要异步执行某个耗时任务时候需要@Async，以下我将从源码角度解释该注解的实现原理。
2.前提条件@EnableAsync
项目使用中，需要添加@EnableAsync注解支持，才能使用@Async（也支持自定义注解）生效。@EnableAsync（默认mode为AdviceMode.PROXY情况下）作用为了给spring项目加入AsyncConfigurationSelector，从而引入AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor。
@Import(AsyncConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAsync {}
public class ProxyAsyncConfiguration extends AbstractAsyncConfiguration {
@Bean(name = TaskManagementConfigUtils.ASYNC_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor asyncAdvisor() {
Assert.notNull(this.enableAsync, "@EnableAsync annotation metadata was not injected");
/**
* 创建postProcessor，支持定制executor与exceptionHandler
*/
AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bpp = new AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
bpp.configure(this.executor, this.exceptionHandler);
Class<? extends Annotation> customAsyncAnnotation = this.enableAsync.getClass("annotation");
if (customAsyncAnnotation != AnnotationUtils.getDefaultValue(EnableAsync.class, "annotation")) {
bpp.setAsyncAnnotationType(customAsyncAnnotation);
}
bpp.setProxyTargetClass(this.enableAsync.getBoolean("proxyTargetClass"));
bpp.setOrder(this.enableAsync.<Integer>getNumber("order"));
return bpp;
}
}
3.AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的作用
AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor为加了@Async注解的方法的目标类加入AsyncAnnotationAdvisor。AsyncAnnotationAdvisor也即是spring AOP中责任链调用的advisor，可见被@Async的实现是通过生成代理对象来实现的。
public class AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor extends AbstractBeanFactoryAwareAdvisingPostProcessor {
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
super.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
AsyncAnnotationAdvisor advisor = new AsyncAnnotationAdvisor(this.executor, this.exceptionHandler);
if (this.asyncAnnotationType != null) {
advisor.setAsyncAnnotationType(this.asyncAnnotationType);
}
advisor.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
this.advisor = advisor;
}
}
public class AsyncAnnotationAdvisor extends AbstractPointcutAdvisor implements BeanFactoryAware {
public AsyncAnnotationAdvisor(
@Nullable Supplier<Executor> executor, @Nullable Supplier<AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler> exceptionHandler) {
/**
* 支持Async与Asynchronous
*/
Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> asyncAnnotationTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);
asyncAnnotationTypes.add(Async.class);
try {
asyncAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>)
ClassUtils.forName("javax.ejb.Asynchronous", AsyncAnnotationAdvisor.class.getClassLoader()));
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// If EJB 3.1 API not present, simply ignore.
}
this.advice = buildAdvice(executor, exceptionHandler);
this.pointcut = buildPointcut(asyncAnnotationTypes);
}
/**
* // 这个最终又是委托给`AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor`，它是一个具体的增强器，有着核心内容
* @param executor
* @param exceptionHandler
* @return
*/
protected Advice buildAdvice(
@Nullable Supplier<Executor> executor, @Nullable Supplier<AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler> exceptionHandler) {
AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor interceptor = new AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor(null);
interceptor.configure(executor, exceptionHandler);
return interceptor;
}
}
4.AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor核心内容
AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor继承AsyncExecutionInterceptor间接实现了MethodInterceptor，该拦截器的实现的invoke方法把原来方法的调用提交到新的线程池执行，从而实现了方法的异步。当需要获得异步结果时，支持CompletableFuture，ListenableFuture，Future的返回。
public class AsyncExecutionInterceptor extends AsyncExecutionAspectSupport implements MethodInterceptor, Ordered {@Override
@Nullable
public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);
Method specificMethod = ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass);
final Method userDeclaredMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(specificMethod);
AsyncTaskExecutor executor = determineAsyncExecutor(userDeclaredMethod);
if (executor == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"No executor specified and no default executor set on AsyncExecutionInterceptor either");
}
/**
* 构建放到AsyncTaskExecutor执行Callable Task
*/
Callable<Object> task = () -> {
try {
Object result = invocation.proceed();
if (result instanceof Future) {
return ((Future<?>) result).get();
}
}
catch (ExecutionException ex) {
handleError(ex.getCause(), userDeclaredMethod, invocation.getArguments());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleError(ex, userDeclaredMethod, invocation.getArguments());
}
return null;
};
return doSubmit(task, executor, invocation.getMethod().getReturnType());
}
}
5. 使用注意事项
5.1使用@Aysnc的时候最好配置一个线程池Executor以让线程复用节省资源，或者为SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor设置基于线程池实现的ThreadFactory，在否则会默认使用SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor，该executor会在每次调用时新建一个线程。
/**
* SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor继承自CustomizableThreadCreator，可以看到线程直接new
*/
public class CustomizableThreadCreator implements Serializable {
public Thread createThread(Runnable runnable) {
Thread thread = new Thread(getThreadGroup(), runnable, nextThreadName());
thread.setPriority(getThreadPriority());
thread.setDaemon(isDaemon());
return thread;
}
}
5.2关于方法内部调用，@Async注解会失效
public class QueryServiceImpl implements QueryService {
@Override
public void A() {
System.out.println("QueryServiceImpl.A");
B();
}
@Async
@Override
public void B() {
System.out.println("QueryServiceImpl.B");
}
}
失效原因：A方法中调用B方法，调用即为this.B()，this对象为原始的对象，并不是增强后代理对象，当然不能生效了。建议重构分开调用，如果硬是需要内部调用则是只能通过获取代理对象来实现。
@Component("q")
public class QueryServiceImpl implements QueryService {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void A() {
System.out.println("QueryServiceImpl.A");
QueryService queryService = (QueryService)applicationContext.getBean("q");
queryService.B();
}
@Async
@Override
public void B() {
System.out.println("QueryServiceImpl.B");
}
}
参考
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