一、验证码相关知识
Python生成随机验证码,需要使用PIL模块.
安装:
pip3 install pillow
基本使用
1. 创建图片
from PIL import Image img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) # 在图片查看器中打开 # img.show() # 保存在本地 with open('code.png','wb') as f: img.save(f,format='png')
2. 创建画笔,用于在图片上画任意内容
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3. 画点
1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) 2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') 3 # 第一个参数:表示坐标 4 # 第二个参数:表示颜色 5 draw.point([100, 100], fill="red") 6 draw.point([300, 300], fill=(255, 255, 255))
4. 画线
1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) 2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') 3 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标 4 # 第二个参数:表示颜色 5 draw.line((100,100,100,300), fill='red') 6 draw.line((100,100,300,100), fill=(255, 255, 255))
5. 画圆
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标(圆要画在其中间) # 第二个参数:表示开始角度 # 第三个参数:表示结束角度 # 第四个参数:表示颜色 draw.arc((100,100,300,300),0,90,fill="red")
6. 写文本
1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) 2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') 3 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标 4 # 第二个参数:表示写入内容 5 # 第三个参数:表示颜色 6 draw.text([0,0],'python',"red")
7. 特殊字体文字
1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) 2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') 3 # 第一个参数:表示字体文件路径 4 # 第二个参数:表示字体大小 5 font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) 6 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标 7 # 第二个参数:表示写入内容 8 # 第三个参数:表示颜色 9 # 第四个参数:表示颜色 10 draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red", font=font)
图片验证码
1 import random 2 3 def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28): 4 code = [] 5 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255)) 6 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') 7 8 def rndChar(): 9 """ 10 生成随机字母 11 :return: 12 """ 13 return chr(random.randint(65, 90)) 14 15 def rndColor(): 16 """ 17 生成随机颜色 18 :return: 19 """ 20 return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255)) 21 22 # 写文字 23 font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size) 24 for i in range(char_length): 25 char = rndChar() 26 code.append(char) 27 h = random.randint(0, 4) 28 draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor()) 29 30 # 写干扰点 31 for i in range(40): 32 draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) 33 34 # 写干扰圆圈 35 for i in range(40): 36 draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) 37 x = random.randint(0, width) 38 y = random.randint(0, height) 39 draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor()) 40 41 # 画干扰线 42 for i in range(5): 43 x1 = random.randint(0, width) 44 y1 = random.randint(0, height) 45 x2 = random.randint(0, width) 46 y2 = random.randint(0, height) 47 48 draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor()) 49 50 img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) 51 return img,''.join(code) 52 53 54 if __name__ == '__main__': 55 # 1. 直接打开 56 # img,code = check_code() 57 # img.show() 58 59 # 2. 写入文件 60 # img,code = check_code() 61 # with open('code.png','wb') as f: 62 # img.save(f,format='png') 63 64 # 3. 写入内存(Python3) 65 # from io import BytesIO 66 # stream = BytesIO() 67 # img.save(stream, 'png') 68 # stream.getvalue() 69 70 # 4. 写入内存(Python2) 71 # import StringIO 72 # stream = StringIO.StringIO() 73 # img.save(stream, 'png') 74 # stream.getvalue() 75 76 pass
二、图片验证码应用
四种实现方式,越来越趋于完美
方式一:
# 方式一:这样的方式吧路径写死了,只能是那一张图片 import os path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,"static","image","3.jpg") #路径拼接 with open(path,"rb") as f: data = f.read() return HttpResponse(data)
方式二:
# 方式二:每次都显示不同的图片,利用pillow模块,安装一个pillow模块 from PIL import Image img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="green") #首先自己创建一个图片,参数size=(120,40) 代表长和高 f = open("validcode.png","wb")#然后把图片放在一个指定的位置 img.save(f,"png") #保存图片 f.close() with open("validcode.png","rb") as f: data = f.read() return HttpResponse(data)
方式三:
# 方式三: # 方式二也不怎么好,因为每次都要创建一个保存图片的文件,我们可以不让吧图片保存到硬盘上, # 在内存中保存,完了自动清除,那么就引入了方式三:利用BytesIO模块 from io import BytesIO from PIL import Image img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="blue") f = BytesIO() #内存文件句柄 img.save(f,"png") #保存文件 data = f.getvalue()#打开文件(相当于python中的f.read()) return HttpResponse(data)
方式四:
# 方式四:1、添加画笔,也就是在图片上写上一些文字 # 2、并且字体随机,背景颜色随机 from io import BytesIO from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont import random #随机创建图片 img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img,"RGB") # 画干扰线 for i in range(5): x1 = random.randint(0, 120) y1 = random.randint(0, 40) x2 = random.randint(0, 120) y2 = random.randint(0, 40) draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))) font = ImageFont.truetype("static/font/kumo.ttf",20) #20表示20像素 str_list = [] #吧每次生成的验证码保存起来 # 随机生成五个字符 for i in range(5): random_num = str(random.randint(0, 9)) # 随机数字 random_lower = chr(random.randint(65, 90)) # 随机小写字母 random_upper = chr(random.randint(97, 122)) # 随机大写字母 random_char = random.choice([random_num, random_lower, random_upper]) print(random_char,"random_char") str_list.append(random_char) # (5 + i * 24, 10)表示坐标,字体的位置 draw.text((5+i*24,10),random_char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font) print(str_list,"str_list") f = BytesIO()#内存文件句柄 img.save(f,"png") #img是一个对象 data = f.getvalue() #读取数据并返回至HTML valid_str = "".join(str_list) print(valid_str,"valid_str") request.session["keep_valid_code"] = valid_str #吧保存到列表的东西存放至session中 return HttpResponse(data)
三、滑动验证码应用
我们可以借助插件来做
1、打开插件,找到自己需要的验证码
2、筛选有用的路径
3、把对应的视图函数也拿过来,注意还需要一个geetest.py的文件
具体实现
1 #滑动验证码 2 url(r'^pc-geetest/register', pcgetcaptcha, name='pcgetcaptcha'), 3 url(r'^pc-geetest/ajax_validate', pcajax_validate, name='pcajax_validate'),
1 # ================ 2 from app01.geetest import GeetestLib 3 pc_geetest_id = "b46d1900d0a894591916ea94ea91bd2c" 4 pc_geetest_key = "36fc3fe98530eea08dfc6ce76e3d24c4" 5 mobile_geetest_id = "7c25da6fe21944cfe507d2f9876775a9" 6 mobile_geetest_key = "f5883f4ee3bd4fa8caec67941de1b903" 7 # 滑动验证码 8 def pcgetcaptcha(request): 9 user_id = 'test' 10 gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key) 11 status = gt.pre_process(user_id) 12 request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY] = status 13 request.session["user_id"] = user_id 14 response_str = gt.get_response_str() 15 return HttpResponse(response_str) 16 # 滑动验证码 17 def pcajax_validate(request): 18 19 if request.method == "POST": 20 # 验证的验证码 21 ret = {"flag": False, "error_msg": None} 22 gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key) 23 challenge = request.POST.get(gt.FN_CHALLENGE, '') 24 validate = request.POST.get(gt.FN_VALIDATE, '') 25 seccode = request.POST.get(gt.FN_SECCODE, '') 26 status = request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY] 27 user_id = request.session["user_id"] 28 print("status",status) 29 if status: 30 result = gt.success_validate(challenge, validate, seccode, user_id) 31 else: 32 result = gt.failback_validate(challenge, validate, seccode) 33 if result: #如果验证验证码正确,就验证用户名是否正确 34 username = request.POST.get("username") 35 password = request.POST.get("password") 36 37 # 验证用户名和密码 38 user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password) 39 if user: 40 # 如果验证成功就让登录 41 ret["flag"] = True 42 auth.login(request, user) 43 else: 44 ret["error_msg"] = "用户名和密码错误" 45 else: 46 ret["error_msg"] = "验证码错误" 47 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) 48 else: 49 return render(request, "login.html")
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> 7 <title>Title</title> 8 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> 9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/login.css"> 10 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> 11 滑动验证码的时候导入 12 <script src="http://static.geetest.com/static/tools/gt.js"></script> 13 <script src="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 14 <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery-cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script> 15 16 </head> 17 <body> 18 <div class="container"> 19 <div class="row"> 20 <div class="col-md-1=10"> 21 <form class="form-horizontal" id="form_data" action="/login/" method="post"> 22 {% csrf_token %} 23 <div class="form-group"> 24 <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label> 25 <div class="col-sm-5"> 26 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="username" name="username"> 27 </div> 28 </div> 29 <div class="form-group"> 30 <label for="password" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label> 31 <div class="col-sm-5"> 32 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="password" name="password"> 33 </div> 34 </div> 35 <div class="form-group"> 36 <div class="row"> 37 <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-1"> 38 {# 文字部分#} 39 <label for="vialdCode" class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label> 40 <div class="col-sm-5"> 41 <input type="text" class="form-control vialdCode_text" id="vialdCode" placeholder="验证码" name="vialdCode"> 42 </div> 43 {# 图片部分#} 44 <div class="col-md-5"> 45 <img class="vialdCode_img" src="/get_vaildCode_img/" alt="" width="200px" height="100px"> 46 {# <a href=""></a> #} 47 </div> 48 </div> 49 50 </div> 51 </div> 52 <div class="form-group"> 53 <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> 54 <div class="checkbox"> 55 <label> 56 <input type="checkbox"> 下次自动登录 57 </label> 58 </div> 59 </div> 60 </div> 61 <div class="form-group"> 62 <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> 63 <p> 64 <button type="button" class="btn btn-success login" id="submit">登录</button> 65 <span class="error has-error"></span></p> 66 <p> 67 <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary register">注册</button> 68 </p> 69 </div> 70 <div id="popup-captcha"></div> 71 </div> 72 </form> 73 </div> 74 </div> 75 </div> 76 {#滑动验证码#} 77 <script> 78 var handlerPopup = function (captchaObj) { 79 $("#submit").click(function () { 80 captchaObj.show(); 81 }); 82 //定时函数 83 $(".login").click(function () { 84 function foo() { 85 $(".error").html("") 86 } 87 88 // 成功的回调 89 captchaObj.onSuccess(function () { 90 var validate = captchaObj.getValidate(); 91 $.ajax({ 92 url: "/pc-geetest/ajax_validate", // 进行二次验证 93 type: "post", 94 dataType: "json", 95 headers: {"X-CSRFToken": $.cookie('csrftoken')}, 96 data: { 97 username: $('#username').val(), 98 password: $('#password').val(), 99 geetest_challenge: validate.geetest_challenge, 100 geetest_validate: validate.geetest_validate, 101 geetest_seccode: validate.geetest_seccode 102 }, 103 success: function (data) { 104 console.log(data); 105 if (data["flag"]) { 106 {# alert(location.search);#} 107 {# alert(location.search.slice(6));#} 108 {# 方式一#} 109 {# if (location.search.slice(6)) {#} 110 {# 如果用户没有登录点赞的时候,当用户后来又登录了,就直接让跳转到当前点赞的那个路径#} 111 {# location.href = location.search.slice(6)#} 112 {# }#} 113 {# else {#} 114 {# window.location.href = '/index/'#} 115 {# }#} 116 {# 方式二:#} 117 alert($.cookie("next_path")); 118 if ($.cookie("next_path")){ 119 location.href = $.cookie("next_path") 120 } 121 else{ 122 location.href = "/index/" 123 } 124 } 125 else { 126 $(".error").html(data["error_msg"]); 127 setTimeout(foo, 3000) 128 } 129 } 130 }); 131 }); 132 133 }); 134 // 将验证码加到id为captcha的元素里 135 captchaObj.appendTo("#popup-captcha"); 136 // 更多接口参考:http://www.geetest.com/install/sections/idx-client-sdk.html 137 }; 138 // 验证开始需要向网站主后台获取id,challenge,success(是否启用failback) 139 $.ajax({ 140 url: "/pc-geetest/register?t=" + (new Date()).getTime(), // 加随机数防止缓存 141 type: "get", 142 dataType: "json", 143 success: function (data) { 144 // 使用initGeetest接口 145 // 参数1:配置参数 146 // 参数2:回调,回调的第一个参数验证码对象,之后可以使用它做appendTo之类的事件 147 initGeetest({ 148 gt: data.gt, 149 challenge: data.challenge, 150 product: "popup", // 产品形式,包括:float,embed,popup。注意只对PC版验证码有效 151 offline: !data.success // 表示用户后台检测极验服务器是否宕机,一般不需要关注 152 // 更多配置参数请参见:http://www.geetest.com/install/sections/idx-client-sdk.html#config 153 }, handlerPopup); 154 } 155 }); 156 </script>