Perl 学习手札之五： conditional statement

本章节实在是简单的不想写，太多雷同的部分了。

 understanding conditional statements

1. conditional execute code selectively

if(condition){
    statements
)

2. conditionals my provide alternative code

if (condition){
    statement_1
}else{
    statement_2
}

beginning with version 5.10, perl also provides a switch statement
　　-use given and when

　　-requires the latest version of perl

 if.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use constant{
    TRUE =>1,
    FALSE => ''
};

main(@ARGV);

sub main
{
    if(1){#replace 1 with 0/142/"this is true"/""/undef/5+5/5-5 and veiw the result.
        message("this is true.");
    }
}

sub message
{
    my $m = shift or return;
    print("$m\n");
}

sub error
{
    my $e = shift || 'unkown error';
    print("$0: $e\n");
    exit 0;
}

else.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use constant{
    TRUE =>1,
    FALSE => ''
};

main(@ARGV);

sub main
{
    if(TRUE){
        message("This is true.");
    }else{
        message("This is false.");
        }
}


sub message
{
    my $m = shift or return;
    print("$m\n");
}

sub error
{
    my $e = shift || 'unkown error';
    print("$0: $e\n");
    exit 0;
}

elsif.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use constant{
    TRUE =>1,
    FALSE => ''
};

main(@ARGV);

sub main
{
    if(TRUE){
        message("This is true.");
    }elsif(FALSE){
        message("but this one is true");
    }
    else{
        message("This is false.");
    }
}

sub message
{
    my $m = shift or return;
    print("$m\n");
}

sub error
{
    my $e = shift || 'unkown error';
    print("$0: $e\n");
    exit 0;
}

postfix.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
#
use strict;
use warnings;

main(@ARGV);

sub main
{
    my $x =42;
    message("number is in range") if($x>25 and $x < 100);
}

sub message
{
    my $m = shift or return;
    print("$m\n");
}

sub error
{
    my $e = shift || 'unkown error';
    print("$0: $e\n");
    exit 0;
}

这里我们用一个很cool的代码书写方式：将control结构放在后面，简洁，漂亮！

unless.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

main(@ARGV);

sub main
{
    my $x =24;
    message("number is out of range") unless $x>25 and $x < 100;  
}

sub message
{
    my $m = shift or return;
    print("$m\n");
}

sub error
{
    my $e = shift || 'unkown error';
    print("$0: $e\n");
    exit 0;
}

同样简洁！

ternary.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

main(@ARGV);

sub main
{
    my $n= 24;
    my $s = ($n>25 and $n <100)?"in range":"out of range";
    message("number is ". $s);

}

sub message
{
    my $m = shift or return;
    print("$m\n");
}

sub error
{
    my $e = shift || 'unkown error';
    print("$0: $e\n");
    exit 0;
}

学会用和C不同的风格写条件控制语句也是一件有趣的事情！