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  • C#基础系列第四篇

    前言: 完全是我在学习过程中记录的笔记,只不过分享一下让很多刚开始学习.net编程的人能够很快的学会C#语言

    1. 继承

    (1) 继承中有两大重点

                1)构造方法的执行

                2)里氏转换原则

                       ->子类对象可以直接赋值给父类对象

                       ->指向子类对象的父类对象可以强制转换为对应的子类对象

                    class MyBase

                       {

                       }

                       class MySub:MyBase

                       {

                       }

                       class Program

                       {

                              static void Main(string[] args)

                              {

                                     MySub msub = new MySub();

                                     //里氏转换原则第一条

                                     MyBase mBase = msub;

                                     //里氏转换原则第二条

                                     MySub msub1 = (MySub)mBase;

                                     MyBase m = new MyBase();

                                     m = new MySub();

                                     MySub mm = (MySub)m;

                              }

                       }

    1. is运算符

    (1) 语法: 变量 is 类型 返回值是一个bool值

    (2)如果变量可以转换为指定类型,则为true,否则为false

    (3)如果在判断is运算符的时候对象中也有父类对象

                Person[] p = { ch, am, ko, new Person() };

                if(p[i] is 父类)

                {

                       //

                }

    //应该放在最后,由于所有的对象都来源于父类,因此在循环中这个判断永远为真,参考下面的案例

    1. as运算符

    (1) 使用is运算符很多情况是为了实现下面的方法

                子类 subObj;

                if(instance is 父类)

                {

                       subObj=(子类)instance;

                }

                else

                {

                       subObj=null;

                }

    (2) 举例说明:

                class MyBase

                {   

                }

                class MySub : MyBase

                {

                }

                class Program

                {

                       static void Main(string[] args)

                       {

                              MySub ms = new MySub();

                              MyBase mb = ms;

                              //is用法

                              //MySub m;

                              //if (mb is MySub)

                              //{

                              //    m = (MySub)mb;

                              //}

                              //else

                              //{

                              //    m = null;

                              //}

                              //as用法

                              MySub m = mb as MySub;

                              if (m == null)

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("不能转换");

                              }

                              else

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("可以转换");

                              }

                       }

                }

    1. 一个关于继承和里氏转换原则的用法

    (1) 父类只能访问父类的成员

    (2)子类可以访问父类和子类的成员

    (3)父类如果需要访问子类中的方法,这要考虑多态

    1. 多态

    (1) 多态就是多种状态

    (2)同一个函数在不同对象里有不同的实现

                1)对象没变,在不同的环境中充当不同的角色

                       ->写一个父类,写一个子类

                       ->让子类和父类有一个相同的方法

                       ->new一个子类对象

                       ->调用这个方法

                       ->将其转换为父类对象在调用这个方法

    (3)隐藏基类方法,多态实现的案例

    class Child

                {

                       public void Play()

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine("和同学玩等");

                       }

                }

                class Adult : Child

                {

                       public new void Play()

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine("玩游戏等");

                       }

                }

                class Program

                {

                       static void Main(string[] args)

                       {

                              #region ----多态1的实现

                              //Adult adt = new Adult();

                              //adt.Play();

                              ////第一种写法

                              ////Child ch = adt;

                              ////ch.Play();

                              ////第二种写法

                              //(adt as Child).Play();

                              #endregion

                              Child ch = new Adult();

                              ch.Play();

                              Adult ad = (Adult)ch;

                              ad.Play();

                       }

                }

    隐藏基类方法

                1)隐藏基类方法使用new来引导子类方法

                2)保证子类和父类有同样的方法

                3)具体在使用的时候,对象被赋予什么类型,就调用谁定义的方法

                       class MyBase

                       {

                              private string name = "杨总监";

                              public string Name

                              {

                                     get { return name; }

                                     set { name = value; }

                              }

                              public void Func()

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("我是父类");

                              }

                       }

                       class MyClass:MyBase

                       {

                              public new string Name

                              {

                                     get { return "韩迎龙"; }

                              }

                              public new void Func()

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("我是一个类");

                              }

                       }

                       class MySub:MyClass

                       {

                              public new void Func()

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("我是子类");

                              }

                       }

                       class Program

                       {

                              static void Main(string[] args)

                              {

                                     MySub ms = new MySub();

                                     ms.Func();  //我是子类

                                     ((MyClass)ms).Func();  //我是一个类

                                     ((MyBase)ms).Func();  //我是父类

     

                                     MyClass m = new MyClass();

                                     MyBase mb = m;

                                     Console.WriteLine(m.Name);  //韩迎龙

                                     Console.WriteLine(mb.Name); //杨总监

                              }

                       }

    (5) 重写基类方法

                1)USB接口的小案例

                       ->有一个标准的方法

                       ->方法由具体的对象来实现

                       ->实际使用的时候,动作是一样的做,但是具体的过程有实现这个方法的对象的决定

                2)如何写

                       ->写一个父类和子类

                       ->子类与父类有相同的方法

                       ->在父类方法前面加上一个virtual

                       ->在子类方法前面加上override

                       ->在使用过程中,new出子类对象,那么无论是什么类型调用方法的时候均执行子类实现的方法

                           class myBase

                              {

                                     public virtual void Func()

                                     {

                                            Console.WriteLine("我是父类提供的方法");

                                     }

                              }

                              class MySub : myBase

                              {

                                     public override void Func()

                                     {

                                            Console.WriteLine("我是子类重写的方法");

                                     }

                              }

                              class Program

                              {

                                     static void Main(string[] args)

                                     {

                                            MySub ms = new MySub();

                                            ms.Func();

                                            myBase mb = ms;

                                            mb.Func();

                                            //输出结果都是:我是子类重写的方法

                                            Console.ReadKey();

                                     }

                              }

    (6) USB接口的案例代码

                class Deal

                {

                       public virtual void USB()

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine("USB协议的接口");

                       }

                }

                class iPhone5S:Deal

                {

                       public override void USB()

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine("假设只能充电");

                       }

                }

                class UDisk:Deal

                {

                       public override void USB()

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine("传输数据");

                       }

                }

                class Program

                {

                       static void Main(string[] args)

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine("请选择要使用的电子原件:1代表iPhone5S,2代表u盘");

                              Deal deal = null;

                              switch (Console.ReadLine())

                              {

                                     case "1":

                                            deal = new iPhone5S();

                                            break;

                                     case"2":

                                            deal = new UDisk();

                                            break;

                                     default:

                                            Console.WriteLine("没有使用任何可用原件");

                                            break;

                              }

                              if (deal != null)

                              {

                                     deal.USB();

                              }

                       }

                }

    (7)利用重写基类方法的多态可以实现父类访问子类的方法

                1)父类定义虚方法,由子类去实现

                2)如果父类指向子类调用这个方法,那么实现的具体代码就是父类指向的那个子类所提供的方法

    (8)有关new与override

         new则隐藏,over则重写

         隐藏看类型,重写只管新

    (9)重写的一点说明

                1)父类virtual,子类可以不将其重写,还是可以隐藏的

                2)如果不喜欢在被重写,可以使用sealed将其变为密封的

                3)无论是重写还是隐藏,都是对子类的"直系"类进行处理

                       class MyBase

                       {

                              public virtual void Func()

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("MyBase");

                              }

                       }

                       class MySub : MyBase

                       {

                              public new void Func()

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("隐藏MySub");

                              }

                       }

                       class MySubSub : MySub

                       {

                              public override void  Func()  //这样写是错误的

                              {

                                     Console.WriteLine("隐藏MySub");

                              }

                       }

                       class Program

                       {

                              static void Main(string[] args)

                              {

                              }

                       }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hanyinglong/p/2710047.html
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