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  • Android 中的WiFi剖析

    Android的WiFi

    我们通常看到WiFi的守护进程wpa_supplicant在我们的ps的进程列表中,这个就是我们的wifi守护进程。wpa_supplicant在external/wpa_supplicant里实现

    wpa_supplicant适配层是通用的wpa_supplicant的封装,在Android中作为WIFI部分的硬件抽象层来使用。wpa_supplicant适配层主要用于封装与wpa_supplicant守护进程的通信,以提供给Android框架使用。它实现了加载,控制和消息监控等功能。

    wpa_supplicant适配层的头文件如下所示:

    hardware/libhardware_legacy/include/hardware_legacy/wifi.h

    我们看它的加载过程

    Init会在系统启动首先加载init.rc这个文件会加载所有service,这是linux启动的第一个用户空间的应用(属于linux进程,不属于Android应用)。

    Service wpa_supplicant /system/bin/wpa_supplicant –Dwext –iwlan0 –d –c /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf

    #user wifi

    #group wifi system

    Socket wpa_eth0 dgram 0660 wifi system

    Disabled

    Oneshot

    Serive dhcpcd /system/bin/dhcpcd –f /system/etc/dhcpcd/dhcpcd.conf –d eth0

    Disabled

    Onshot

    On property:init.svc.wpa_supplicant=stopped

    Stop dhcpcd

    添加/system/etc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf

    Update_config=1

    Ctrl_interface=/data/system/wpa_supplicant //和IFACE_DIR对应

    Eapol_verison=1

    Ap_scan=1

    Fast_reauth=1

    通过linux内核模块/system/lib/modules/wlan.ko 这个wifi模块定义在/hardware/libhardware_legacy/wifi/wifi.c

    当SystemServer启动后会加载一系列的Service其中init2启动的就有ConnectivityService。ConnectivityService.java (frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server)会管理所有的Connectivity相关的比如APN,WiFi。看看是怎么启动WiFi Service的:

    if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");

    WifiStateTracker wst = new WifiStateTracker(context, mHandler);

    WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, wst);

    ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);

    WifiStateTracker会创建WifMonitor来接受来自底层的事件。WifiService和WifiMonitor是整个模块的核心部分,WifiService负责启动关闭wpa_supplicant、发命令给wpa_supplicant进程,WiFiMonitor负责从wpa_supplicant接收事件

    整个流程是

    SystemServer -> ServerThread -> ConnectivityService -> ConnectivityThread -> WifiTracker->WifiService -> WifiMonitor

    WiFi 的启动过程

    用户在设置界面下开启了WiFi,调用应用程序Settings中的setWifiEnabler的onPerferenceChange,再由WifiEnable调用WifiService,发送MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI,首先装载wifi内核模块wlan.ko然后启动wpa_supplicant(用/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf配置),再通过WifiStateTracker来启动WifiMonitor监视线程

    WifiSettings.java (packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi)启动

    mWifiEnabled = (CheckBoxPreference) preferenceScreen.findPreference(KEY_WIFI_ENABLED);

    mWifiEnabler = new WifiEnabler(this, (WifiManager) getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE),

    mWifiEnabled);

    这样就启动WifiEnabler

    WifiEnabler.java (packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi)通过WifiManager调用WifiManager.java (frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi) setWifiEnabled 中的 IWifiManager来启动wifiservice[mService.setWifiEnabled(enabled);]

    WifiService.java (frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server)又setWifiEnabled()这个里面的sendEnableMessage(enable, true, Binder.getCallingUid());来发送一则消息

    Message msg = Message.obtain(mWifiHandler,

    (enable ? MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI : MESSAGE_DISABLE_WIFI),

    (persist ? 1 : 0), uid);

    msg.sendToTarget();发送给自身的消息。

    通过WifiHandler的 handleMessage来维护这些消息,enable的时候会调用setWifiEnabledBlocking这个函数,这个函数会做setWifiEnabledState 然后做两件事: 1. 调用wifi 本地方法JNI的WifiNative.loadDriver

    下面说本地方法WifiNative.loadDriver函数 WifiNative.java (frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi) Android的WIFI系统的JNI的部分:

    frameworks/base/core/jni/android_net_wifi_Wifi.cpp 中的android_net_wifi_loadDriver()可以把wifi驱动模块装载

    Wifi.c (hardware/libhardware_legacy/wifi) 内核模块/system/lib/modules/wlan.ko中的wifi_load_driver()

    设置wlan.driver.status属性为ok,至此wifi模块加载完毕。

    2. 再来看看启动,同样是在WifiService 中的setWifiEnabledBlocking这个函数会调用startSupplicant 通过WifiNative.java (frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi)的startSupplicant来启动JNI:frameworks/base/core/jni/android_net_wifi_Wifi.cpp的android_net_wifi_startSupplicant调用驱动模块Wifi.c (hardware/libhardware_legacy/wifi) wlan.ko中的wifi_start_supplicant, Wifi 启动完毕

    成功启动wifi之后setWifiEnabledBlocking运行mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();事件循环,来监视事件mWifiMonitor.startMonitoring(); à MonitorThread().start();一直在线程里循环调用WifiNative.waitForEvent();最后调用

    setWifiEnabledState(eventualWifiState, uid); intent = new Intent(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);广播消息向外界通知wifi已经成功启动了。

    查找热点AP

    上面说了WifiManager发送广播WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION,只要Android应用注册了接受该Action的就接受,我们的WifiLayer注册了接收到该Action

    WifiSettings.java (packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi)中有mWifiLayer.onCreate();(这个函数创建WifiLayer指定接受的Action)

    WifiLayer.java (packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi)中的BroadcastReceiver 有一句话else if (action.equals(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)) {

    handleWifiStateChanged(intent.getIntExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE,

    WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN));

    这个函数会调用loadConfiguredAccessPoints和attemptScan来开始扫描,调用WifiManager的mWifiManager.startScanActive,WifiManager.java中的mService.startScan通过WifiService中的startScan通过本地方法WifiNative.setScanResultHandlingCommand启动JNI android_net_wifi_Wifi.cpp (frameworks/base/core/jni) 中的android_net_wifi_setScanResultHandlingCommand的命令“AP_SCAN 模式” Wifi.c ::wifi_command(cmd)开始扫描wifi_send_command发出SCAN命令调用wpa_supplicant开始扫描

    扫描完成之后会发送SCAN_RESULT 在WifiMonitor的HandleEvent里处理调用mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable(); à sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE); mWifiStateTracker中的 handleMessage接收到case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:之后发送广播mContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));

    WiFiLayer接收到这个消息在mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()中处理handleScanResultsAvailable();

    WiFi 连接流程

    用户在AccessPointDialog中输入密码之后点击连接按钮,Android调用顺序如下:

    AccessPointDialog.java (packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi) -> onClick -> handleConnect(); -> mWifiLayer.connectToNetwork ->通过WifiConfiguration config = findConfiguredNetwork(state);查看是不是配置过的,如果是就直接使用了,如果不是config = addConfiguration(state, 0); -> managerEnableNetwork -> mWifiManager.enableNetwork -> mService.enableNetwork -> WifiService. enableNetwork -> WifiNative.enableNetworkCommand -> JNI: android_net_wifi_Wifi.cpp android_net_wifi_enableNetworkCommand 调用wpa_suppcant发送相关命令返回之后由WiFiMonitor处理跟以前类似,连接的中间流程与查找AP的流程类似,都经过了WifiMonitor对“CONNECTED”消息响应的捕获,以及WifiStateTracker对EVENT_SUPPLICANT_STATE_ CHANGED的处理。还有一个比较重

    要的步骤是WifiStateTracker通过对DHCP服务器的申请进行了IP地址分配。最终会广播NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ ACTION消息,由WifiLayer响应。

    IP地址分配

    由上面继续说IP地址分配,因为当wpa_supplicant链接AP成功之后,它会发出事件从而wifi_for_event函数会接收到该事件,由WifiMonitor中的MonitorThread执行执行这个事件handleEvent-> case CONNECTED: handleNetworkStateChange -> mWifiStateTracker.notifyStateChange -> EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED -> handleMessage 下的:case EVENT_SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED: -> intent = new Intent(WifiManager.SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION); Wi-Fi supplicant state changed:

    èSettingsObserver专门是观察该类变化的

    if (changed) {

    resetInterface(true);

    configureInterface();

    if (mUseStaticIp) {

    mTarget.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED);

    }

    }

    è

    mDhcpTarget.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START);

    ->

    DhcpHandler的handleMessage函数case EVENT_DHCP_START: NetworkUtils.runDhcp获取DHCP的IP地址,成功之后发送EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED:

    event通过WifiStateTracker的HandleMessage函数case EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED:会调用sendNetworkStateChangeBroadcast Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);发送全局Intent Action 完成网络切换。

    -------------------------------------------------------------------WIFI启动 代码流程走读

    初始化
    在 SystemServer 启动的时候,会生成一个 ConnectivityService 的实例 ,
    try {
    Log.i(TAG, "Starting Connectivity Service.");
    ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, new
    ConnectivityService(context));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Failure starting Connectivity Service", e);
    }
    ConnectivityService 的构造函数 会创建 WifiService,
    if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
    mWifiStateTracker = new WifiStateTracker(context, handler);
    WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, mWifiStateTracker);
    ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
    WifiStateTracker 会创建 WifiMonitor 接收来自底层的事件,WifiService 和 WifiMonitor 是整
    个模块的核心 。WifiService 负责启动关闭 wpa_supplicant、启动关闭 WifiMonitor 监视线程
    和把命令 下发给 wpa_supplicant,而 WifiMonitor 则负责从 wpa_supplicant 接收事件通知。
    连接 AP
    1. 使能 WIFI
    WirelessSettings 在初始化的时候配置了由 WifiEnabler 来处理 Wifi 按钮,
    private void initToggles() {
    mWifiEnabler = new WifiEnabler(
    this,
    (WifiManager) getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE),
    (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_WIFI));
    当用户按下 Wifi 按钮后, Android 会调用 WifiEnabler 的 onPreferenceChange, 再由 WifiEnabler
    调用 WifiManager 的 setWifiEnabled 接口 函数,通过 AIDL,实际调用的是 WifiService 的
    setWifiEnabled 函数,WifiService 接着向自身发送一条 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI 消息,在
    处理该消息的代码 中做真正的使能工作:首先装载 WIFI 内核模块(该模块的位置硬编码为
    "/system/lib/modules/wlan.ko" ), 然 后 启 动 wpa_supplicant ( 配 置 文 件 硬 编 码 为
    "/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf") 再通过 WifiStateTracker 来启动 WifiMonitor 中的监视
    ,
    线程。
    private boolean setWifiEnabledBlocking(boolean enable) {
    final int eventualWifiState = enable ? WIFI_STATE_ENABLED :
    WIFI_STATE_DISABLED;
    updateWifiState(enable ? WIFI_STATE_ENABLING : WIFI_STATE_DISABLING);
    if (enable) {
    if (!WifiNative.loadDriver()) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to load Wi-Fi driver.");
    updateWifiState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
    return false;
    }
    if (!WifiNative.startSupplicant()) {
    WifiNative.unloadDriver();
    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start supplicant daemon.");
    updateWifiState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
    return false;
    }
    mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();
    }
    // Success!
    persistWifiEnabled(enable);
    updateWifiState(eventualWifiState);
    return true;
    }
    当使能成功后,会广播发送 WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent 通知外界 WIFI
    已 经 成 功 使 能 了 。 WifiEnabler 创 建 的 时 候 就 会 向 Android 注 册 接 收
    WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION,因此它会收到该 Intent,从而开始扫描。
    private void handleWifiStateChanged(int wifiState) {
    if (wifiState == WIFI_STATE_ENABLED) {
    loadConfiguredAccessPoints();
    attemptScan();
    }
    2. 查找 AP
    扫描的入口函数是 WifiService 的 startScan,它其实也就是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN 命
    令。
    static jboolean android_net_wifi_scanCommand(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
    {
    jboolean result;
    // Ignore any error from setting the scan mode.
    // The scan will still work.
    (void)doBooleanCommand("DRIVER SCAN-ACTIVE", "OK");
    result = doBooleanCommand("SCAN", "OK");
    (void)doBooleanCommand("DRIVER SCAN-PASSIVE", "OK");
    return result;
    }
    当 wpa_supplicant 处理完 SCAN 命令后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知扫描完成,从而
    wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来
    出来这个事件,
    void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
    case SCAN_RESULTS:
    mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();
    break;
    WifiStateTracker 则接着广播发送 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent
    case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:
    mContext.sendBroadcast(new
    Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));
    WifiLayer 注册了接收 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关
    处理函数 handleScanResultsAvailable 会被调用,在该函数中,先会去拿到 SCAN 的结果(最
    终是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN_RESULT 命令并读取返回值来实现的) ,
    List<ScanResult> list = mWifiManager.getScanResults();
    对每一个扫描返回的 AP,WifiLayer 会调用 WifiSettings 的 onAccessPointSetChanged 函数,
    从而最终把该 AP 加到 GUI 显示列表中。
    public void onAccessPointSetChanged(AccessPointState ap, boolean added) {
    AccessPointPreference pref = mAps.get(ap);
    if (added) {
    if (pref == null) {
    pref = new AccessPointPreference(this, ap);
    mAps.put(ap, pref);
    } else {
    pref.setEnabled(true);
    }
    mApCategory.addPreference(pref);
    }
    }
    3. 配置 AP 参数
    当用户在 WifiSettings 界面上选择了一个 AP 后,会显示配置 AP 参数的一个对话框,
    public boolean onPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen preferenceScreen, Preference
    preference) {
    if (preference instanceof AccessPointPreference) {
    AccessPointState state = ((AccessPointPreference)
    preference).getAccessPointState();
    showAccessPointDialog(state, AccessPointDialog.MODE_INFO);
    }
    }
    4. 连接
    当用户在 AcessPointDialog 中选择好加密方式和输入密钥之后,再点击连接按钮,Android
    就会去连接这个 AP。
    private void handleConnect() {
    String password = getEnteredPassword();
    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
    mState.setPassword(password);
    }
    mWifiLayer.connectToNetwork(mState);
    }
    WifiLayer 会先检测这个 AP 是不是之前被配置过,这个是通过向 wpa_supplicant 发送
    LIST_NETWORK 命令并且比较返回值来实现的,
    // Need WifiConfiguration for the AP
    WifiConfiguration config = findConfiguredNetwork(state);
    如果 wpa_supplicant 没有这个 AP 的配置信息, 则会向 wpa_supplicant 发送 ADD_NETWORK
    命令来添加该 AP,
    if (config == null) {
    // Connecting for the first time, need to create it
    config = addConfiguration(state,
    ADD_CONFIGURATION_ENABLE|ADD_CONFIGURATION_SAVE);
    }
    ADD_NETWORK 命 令 会 返 回 一 个 ID , WifiLayer 再 用 这 个 返 回 的 ID 作 为 参 数 向
    wpa_supplicant 发送 ENABLE_NETWORK 命令,从而让 wpa_supplicant 去连接该 AP。
    // Make sure that network is enabled, and disable others
    mReenableApsOnNetworkStateChange = true;
    if (!mWifiManager.enableNetwork(state.networkId, true)) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Could not enable network ID " + state.networkId);
    error(R.string.error_connecting);
    return false;
    }
    5. 配置 IP 地址
    当 wpa_supplicant 成功连接上 AP 之后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知连接上 AP 了,从而
    wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来
    出来这个事件,
    void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
    case CONNECTED:
    handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,
    remainder);
    break;
    WifiMonitor 再调用 WifiStateTracker 的 notifyStateChange,WifiStateTracker 则接着会往自身
    发送 EVENT_DHCP_START 消息来启动 DHCP 去获取 IP 地址,
    private void handleConnectedState() {
    setPollTimer();
    mLastSignalLevel = -1;
    if (!mHaveIPAddress & !mObtainingIPAddress) {
    mObtainingIPAddress = true;
    mDhcpTarget.obtainMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START).sendToTarget();
    }
    }
    然后再广播发送 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent
    case EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:
    if (result.state != DetailedState.DISCONNECTED || !mDisconnectPending) {
    intent = new
    Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
    intent.putExt ra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO,
    mNetworkInfo);
    if (result.BSSID != null)
    intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_BSSID, result.BSSID);
    mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
    }
    break;
    WifiLayer 注册了接收 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关
    处理函数 handleNetworkStateChanged 会被调用,
    当 DHCP 拿到 IP 地址之后,会再发送 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消息,
    private class DhcpHandler extends Handler {
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    switch (msg.what) {
    case EVENT_DHCP_START:
    if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {
    event = EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED;
    }
    WifiLayer 处 理 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消 息 , 会 再 次 广 播 发 送
    NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,这次带上完整的 IP 地址信息。
    case EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED:
    mWifiInfo.setIpAddress(mDhcpInfo.ipAddress);
    setDetailedState(DetailedState.CONNECTED);
    intent = new
    Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
    intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO, mNetworkInfo);
    mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
    break;
    至此为止,整个连接过程完成。
    问题:
    目前的实现不支持 Ad-hoc 方式。<!--++ plugin_code qcomic begin--> <!--++ plugin_code qcomic end-->

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------android 网络连接管理

    系统中对网络的判断和选在是在Connectivityervice这个服务中来处理的,在系统启动的时候会启动这个系统服务:
    系统启动完毕后,ConnectivityService在系统启动的时候就启动了。
    在android内部,用framework/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml中定义了网络的类型:
    <string-array translatable="false" name="networkAttributes">
    <item>"default,wifi,0"</item>
    <item>"default,mobile,0"</item>
    <item>"mms,mobile,1"</item>
    <item>"supl,mobile,1"</item>
    <item>"dun,mobile,1"</item>
    <item>"hipri,mobile,2"</item>
    </string-array>
    <string-array translatable="false" name="radioAttributes">
    <item>"wifi,1,1"</item>
    <item>"mobile,0,1"</item>
    </string-array>
    ConnectivityManager定义了向对应的字符串常量:
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE = 0;
    /**
    * The Default WIFI data connection. When active, all data traffic
    * will use this connection by default. Should not coexist with other
    * default connections.
    */
    public static final int TYPE_WIFI = 1;
    /**
    * An MMS-specific Mobile data connection. This connection may be the
    * same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different. This is used
    * by applications needing to talk to the carrier's Multimedia Messaging
    * Service servers. It may coexist with default data connections.
    * {@hide}
    */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_MMS = 2;
    /**
    * A SUPL-specific Mobile data connection. This connection may be the
    * same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different. This is used
    * by applications needing to talk to the carrier's Secure User Plane
    * Location servers for help locating the device. It may coexist with
    * default data connections.
    * {@hide}
    */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL = 3;
    /**
    * A DUN-specific Mobile data connection. This connection may be the
    * same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but it may be different. This is used
    * by applicaitons performing a Dial Up Networking bridge so that
    * the carrier is aware of DUN traffic. It may coexist with default data
    * connections.
    * {@hide}
    */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_DUN = 4;
    /**
    * A High Priority Mobile data connection. This connection is typically
    * the same as {@link #TYPEMOBILE} but the routing setup is different.
    * Only requesting processes will have access to the Mobile DNS servers
    * and only IP's explicitly requested via {@link #requestRouteToHost}
    * will route over this interface.
    *{@hide}
    */
    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI = 5;
    /** {@hide} */
    public static final int MAX_RADIO_TYPE = TYPE_WIFI;
    /** {@hide} */
    public static final int MAX_NETWORK_TYPE = TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
    public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = TYPE_WIFI;
    并设置了默认的网络连接是TYPE_WIFI.
    ConnectivityManager的方法是通过AIDL的使用,调用ConnectivityService中的方法来实现的。ConnectivityService继承了IConnectivityManage.stub.
    在ConnectivityService内部,定义了两个类来解析xml中的网络类型,类的代码如下:
    private class NetworkAttributes {
    /**
    * Class for holding settings read from resources.
    */
    public String mName;
    public int mType;
    public int mRadio;
    public int mPriority;
    public NetworkInfo.State mLastState;
    public NetworkAttributes(String init) {
    String fragments[] = init.split(",");
    mName = fragments[0].toLowerCase();
    if (fragments[1].toLowerCase().equals("wifi")) {
    mRadio = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
    } else {
    mRadio = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
    }
    if (mName.equals("default")) {
    mType = mRadio;
    } else if (mName.equals("mms")) {
    mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS;
    } else if (mName.equals("supl")) {
    mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
    } else if (mName.equals("dun")) {
    mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
    } else if (mName.equals("hipri")) {
    mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
    }
    mPriority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
    mLastState = NetworkInfo.State.UNKNOWN;
    }
    public boolean isDefault() {
    return (mType == mRadio);
    }
    }
    private class RadioAttributes {
    public String mName;
    public int mPriority;
    public int mSimultaneity;
    public int mType;
    public RadioAttributes(String init) {
    String fragments[] = init.split(",");
    mName = fragments[0].toLowerCase();
    mPriority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[1]);
    mSimultaneity = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
    if (mName.equals("wifi")) {
    mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
    } else {
    mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
    }
    }
    }
    并通过一下代码,来给网络分配优先级,
    mPriorityList = new int[naStrings.length];
    {
    int priority = 0; //lowest
    int nextPos = naStrings.length-1;
    while (nextPos>-1) {
    for (int i = 0; i < mNetAttributes.length; i++) {
    if(mNetAttributes[i].mPriority == priority) {
    mPriorityList[nextPos--] = i;
    }
    }
    priority++;
    }
    }
    mNetRequestersPids =
    new ArrayList[ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE+1];
    for (int i=0; i<=ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE; i++) {
    mNetRequestersPids[i] = new ArrayList();
    }
    其中,TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI的优先级最高,其次为TYPE_MOBILE_MMS,TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL,TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,
    优先级最低的为TYPE_WIFI,TYPE_MOBILE。TYPE_WIFI,TYPE_MOBILE两个网络类型中,TYPE_WIFI大于TYPE_MOBILE的优先级,
    在打开wifi的连接后,mobile网络会被关闭。wifi网络连接关闭后,mobile网络会重新连接。在处理网络连接的Handler的代码中有处理:
    private void handleConnect(NetworkInfo info) {
    int type = info.getType();
    Log.d(TAG, "Got Network Connection Succ from Driver nwtype="+type);
    // snapshot isFailover, because sendConnectedBroadcast() resets it
    boolean isFailover = info.isFailover();
    NetworkStateTracker thisNet = mNetTrackers[type];
    // if this is a default net and other default is running
    // kill the one not preferred
    if (mNetAttributes[type].isDefault()) {
    if (mActiveDefaultNetwork != -1 && mActiveDefaultNetwork != type) {
    if ((type != mNetworkPreference &&
    mNetAttributes[mActiveDefaultNetwork].mPriority >
    mNetAttributes[type].mPriority) ||
    mNetworkPreference == mActiveDefaultNetwork) {
    if(!((SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("true") ||
    SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("TRUE"))&&
    CNE.isCndUp)) {
    // don't accept this one
    if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Not broadcasting CONNECT_ACTION " +
    "to torn down network " + info.getTypeName());
    teardown(thisNet);
    }
    return;
    } else {
    // tear down the other
    NetworkStateTracker otherNet =
    mNetTrackers[mActiveDefaultNetwork];
    if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Policy requires " +
    otherNet.getNetworkInfo().getTypeName() +
    " teardown");
    if(!((SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("true") ||
    SystemProperties.get(CNE.UseCne,"false").equals("TRUE"))&&
    CNE.isCndUp)) {
    if (DBG) Log.i(TAG, "CNE To support Simultaneous Nws we"+
    " will not tear down other nw");
    if (!teardown(otherNet)) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Network declined teardown request");
    return;
    }
    }
    if (isFailover) {
    otherNet.releaseWakeLock();
    }
    }
    }
    mActiveDefaultNetwork = type;
    }
    thisNet.setTeardownRequested(false);
    thisNet.updateNetworkSettings();
    handleConnectivityChange();
    sendConnectedBroadcast(info);
    }
    SystemServer启动ConnectivityService,ConnectivityService启动对网络的监视器。
    在SystemServer的run()函数中,启动ConnectivityService的代码:
    try {
    Log.i(TAG, "Connectivity Service");
    connectivity = ConnectivityService.getInstance(context);
    ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity);
    connectivity.startCne();
    } catch (Throwable e) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Failure starting Connectivity Service", e);
    }
    在ConnectivityService的构造函数中启动网络监视器的代码:
    if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
    WifiStateTracker wst = new WifiStateTracker(context, mHandler);
    WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, wst);
    ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
    mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI] = wst;
    mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE] =
    new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, Phone.APN_TYPE_DEFAULT,
    "MOBILE");
    mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS] =
    new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, Phone.APN_TYPE_MMS,
    "MOBILE_MMS");
    mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL] =
    new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, Phone.APN_TYPE_SUPL,
    "MOBILE_SUPL");
    mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN] =
    new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, Phone.APN_TYPE_DUN,
    "MOBILE_DUN");
    mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI] =
    new MobileDataStateTracker(context, mHandler,
    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, Phone.APN_TYPE_HIPRI,
    "MOBILE_HIPRI");
    mNumDnsEntries = 0;
    mTestMode = SystemProperties.get("cm.test.mode").equals("true")
    && SystemProperties.get("ro.build.type").equals("eng");
    for (NetworkStateTracker t : mNetTrackers)
    t.startMonitoring();
    // Constructing this starts it too
    mWifiWatchdogService = new WifiWatchdogService(context, wst);
    在settings中可以设置网络连接,比如打开wifi,打开bluetooth,设置apn的连接等等,在设置完成后,设置的消息会存在一个数据库中保存,并发送系统消息来广播网络设置的变化。
    在网络监视器中捕捉了settings中发出的相应的网络广播信息,
    网络监视器中注册了settings中网络变化的信息,有变化会做相应的处理,并将处理的结果存储在NetworkInfo类的一个对象中,在ConnectivityService中通过
    public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType)方法可以得知当前networkType类型网络的连接情况。
    在app中,我们可以通过ConnectivityManager来获取当前的网络信息,并能指定当前程序需要的网络类型:
    ConnectivityManager mCnn = context.getSystemService(context.NONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    NetworkInfo mNetinfo = mCnn.getActiveNetworkInfo();
    mCnn.setNetworkPreference(int preference);//设定首选网络类型。
    假如没有设定,网络类型为系统默认。在wifi,3G网络同时存在的情况下,系统会默认的调用wifi网络,加载wifi的驱动,走wifi网络。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hdk1993/p/4771291.html
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