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  • 基于注解的 Spring MVC 简单入门

    web.xml 配置:

     

    <servlet>
    	<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    	<init-param>
    		<description>加载/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/目录下的所有XML作为Spring MVC的配置文件</description>
    		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    		<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/*.xml</param-value>
    	</init-param>
    	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
    	<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    	<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    这样,所有的.htm的请求,都会被DispatcherServlet处理;

    初始化 DispatcherServlet 时,该框架在 web 应用程序WEB-INF 目录中寻找一个名为[servlet-名称]-servlet.xml的文件,并在那里定义相关的Beans,重写在全局中定义的任何Beans,像上面的web.xml中的代码,对应的是dispatcher-servlet.xml;当然也可以使用<init-param>元素,手动指定配置文件的路径;

    dispatcher-servlet.xml 配置:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
           xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
    			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
        <!--
            使Spring支持自动检测组件,如注解的Controller
        -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.minx.crm.web.controller"/>
       
        <bean id="viewResolver"
              class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
              p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
              p:suffix=".jsp" />
    </beans>

    第一个Controller

    package com.minx.crm.web.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    @Controller
    public class IndexController {
        @RequestMapping("/index")
        public String index() {
            return "index";
        }
    }

    @Controller注解标识一个控制器,@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径(/index.htm),return "index"标记返回视图(index.jsp);

    注:如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上,则表示一相对路径,在方法级别上,则标记访问的路径;

    @RequestMapping注解标记的访问路径中获取参数:

    Spring MVC 支持RESTful风格的URL参数,如:

    @Controller
    public class IndexController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/index/{username}")
        public String index(@PathVariable("username") String username) {
            System.out.print(username);
            return "index";
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping中定义访问页面的URL模版,使用{}传入页面参数,使用@PathVariable 获取传入参数,即可通过地址:http://localhost:8080/crm/index/tanqimin.htm 访问;

    根据不同的Web请求方法,映射到不同的处理方法:

    使用登陆页面作示例,定义两个方法分辨对使用GET请求和使用POST请求访问login.htm时的响应。可以使用处理GET请求的方法显示视图,使用POST请求的方法处理业务逻辑

    @Controller
    public class LoginController {
        @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String login() {
            return "login";
        }
        @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) {
                String username = request.getParameter("username").trim();
                System.out.println(username);
            return "login2";
        }
    }

    在视图页面,通过地址栏访问login.htm,是通过GET请求访问页面,因此,返回登陆表单视图login.jsp;当在登陆表单中使用POST请求提交数据时,则访问login2方法,处理登陆业务逻辑;

    防止重复提交数据,可以使用重定向视图:

    return "redirect:/login2"

    可以传入方法的参数类型:

    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) {
    	String username = request.getParameter("username");
    	System.out.println(username);
    	return null;
    }

    可以传入HttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseHttpSession,值得注意的是,如果第一次访问页面,HttpSession没被创建,可能会出错;

    其中,String username = request.getParameter("username");可以转换为传入的参数:

     

    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) {
    	String username = request.getParameter("username");
    	System.out.println(username);
    	return null;
    }

    使用@RequestParam 注解获取GET请求或POST请求提交的参数;

    获取Cookie的值:使用@CookieValue 

    获取PrintWriter

    可以直接在Controller的方法中传入PrintWriter对象,就可以在方法中使用:

     

    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String testParam(PrintWriter out, @RequestParam("username") String username) {
    	out.println(username);
    	return null;
    }

    获取表单中提交的值,并封装到POJO中,传入Controller的方法里:

    POJO如下(User.java):

     

    public class User{
    	private long id;
    	private String username;
    	private String password;
    
    	…此处省略getter,setter...
    }

    通过表单提交,直接可以把表单值封装到User对象中:

    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) {
    	out.println(user.getUsername());
    	return null;
    }

    可以把对象,put 入获取的Map对象中,传到对应的视图:

    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String testParam(User user, Map model) {
    	model.put("user",user);
    	return "view";
    }

    在返回的view.jsp中,就可以根据key来获取user的值(通过EL表达式,${user }即可);

    Controller中方法的返回值:

    void:多数用于使用PrintWriter输出响应数据;

    String 类型:返回该String对应的View Name

    任意类型对象:

    返回ModelAndView

    自定义视图(JstlViewExcelView):

    拦截器(Inteceptors):

     

    public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) 
    		throws Exception {
    		return false;
    	}
    	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav) 
    		throws Exception {
    	}
    	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn) 
    		throws Exception {
    	}
    }

    拦截器需要实现HandleInterceptor接口,并实现其三个方法:

    preHandle:拦截器的前端,执行控制器之前所要处理的方法,通常用于权限控制、日志,其中,Object o表示下一个拦截器;

    postHandle:控制器的方法已经执行完毕,转换成视图之前的处理;

    afterCompletion:视图已处理完后执行的方法,通常用于释放资源;

    MVC的配置文件中,配置拦截器与需要拦截的URL

    <mvc:interceptors>
    	<mvc:interceptor>
    		<mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" />
    		<bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" />
    	</mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

    国际化:

    MVC配置文件中,配置国际化属性文件:

     

    <bean id="messageSource"
    	class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"
    	p:basename="message">
    </bean>

    那么,Spring就会在项目中搜索相关的国际化属性文件,如:message.propertiesmessage_zh_CN.properties

    VIEW中,引入Spring标签:<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring" %>,使用<spring:message code="key" />调用,即可;

    如果一种语言,有多个语言文件,可以更改MVC配置文件为:

     

    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
    	<property name="basenames">
    		<list>
    			<value>message01</value>
    			<value>message02</value>
    			<value>message03</value>
    		</list>
    	</property>
    </bean>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/heartstage/p/3398360.html
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