【背包专题】J

Before ACM can do anything, a budget must be prepared and the necessary financial support obtained. The main income for this action comes from Irreversibly Bound Money (IBM). The idea behind is simple. Whenever some ACM member has any small money, he takes all the coins and throws them into a piggy-bank. You know that this process is irreversible, the coins cannot be removed without breaking the pig. After a sufficiently long time, there should be enough cash in the piggy-bank to pay everything that needs to be paid. 

But there is a big problem with piggy-banks. It is not possible to determine how much money is inside. So we might break the pig into pieces only to find out that there is not enough money. Clearly, we want to avoid this unpleasant situation. The only possibility is to weigh the piggy-bank and try to guess how many coins are inside. Assume that we are able to determine the weight of the pig exactly and that we know the weights of all coins of a given currency. Then there is some minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank that we can guarantee. Your task is to find out this worst case and determine the minimum amount of cash inside the piggy-bank. We need your help. No more prematurely broken pigs! 

InputThe input consists of T test cases. The number of them (T) is given on the first line of the input file. Each test case begins with a line containing two integers E and F. They indicate the weight of an empty pig and of the pig filled with coins. Both weights are given in grams. No pig will weigh more than 10 kg, that means 1 <= E <= F <= 10000. On the second line of each test case, there is an integer number N (1 <= N <= 500) that gives the number of various coins used in the given currency. Following this are exactly N lines, each specifying one coin type. These lines contain two integers each, Pand W (1 <= P <= 50000, 1 <= W <=10000). P is the value of the coin in monetary units, W is it's weight in grams. 
OutputPrint exactly one line of output for each test case. The line must contain the sentence "The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is X." where X is the minimum amount of money that can be achieved using coins with the given total weight. If the weight cannot be reached exactly, print a line "This is impossible.".
Sample Input

3
10 110
2
1 1
30 50
10 110
2
1 1
50 30
1 6
2
10 3
20 4

Sample Output

The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is 60.
The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is 100.
This is impossible.

题意：给定空存钱罐的重量和装满硬币后的重量，再给n个钱币的价值和重量，现在不知道存钱罐里的钱价值，问最小的钱价值总数是多少，如果不存在，输出题目所说的语句。
思路：由于每种钱的数量没有限制，每次还要取最小值，我们用完全背包就可以搞定，用dp数组存储最小钱的价值总数，我们初始化为极大值，dp[0]初始化为0.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
#define N 10010
int dp[N],value[510],weight[510];
int n,v,e,f;
int main()
{
    int t,i,j,ans;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&e,&f);
        v = f-e;
        scanf("%d",&n);
        for(i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
            scanf("%d%d",&value[i],&weight[i]);
        for(i = 0; i <= v; i ++)
            dp[i] = inf;
        dp[0] = 0;
        for(i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
            for(j = weight[i]; j <= v; j ++)
                dp[j] = min(dp[j],dp[j-weight[i]]+value[i]);
            
        if(dp[v] == inf)
            printf("This is impossible.
");
        else        
            printf("The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is %d.
",dp[v]);
    }
    return 0;
}