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  • Ubantu下部署Flask项目安装与配置

    1.nginx

    安装

    sudo apt-get install nginx
    

    启动,停止和重启

    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
    

    或者

    sudo service nginx start
    sudo service nginx stop
    sudo service nginx restart
    

    2. uWSGI安装

    用蟒蛇的PIP安装最简单:

    sudo apt-get install python-dev #不安装这个,下面的安装可能会失败
    sudo pip install uwsgi
    

    3.基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django

    1.原理

    基于nginx的和uwsgi部署的Django后,从客户端发起请求到服务器响应请求,会经过一下几个环节:

    the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django
    

    2.基本测试

    测试uWSGI是否正常

    在Django的项目的根目录下创建test.py文件,添加源码如下:

    # test.py
    def application(env, start_response):
        start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
        return ["Hello World"] # python2
        #return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    

    然后,运行uWSGI:

    uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
    

    参数含义:

    • http :8000:使用http协议,8000端口
    • wsgi-file test.py:加载指定文件test.py

    打开下面的网址,浏览器上应该显示hello world

    http://example.com:8000
    

    如果显示正确,说明下面3个环节是通畅的:

    the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python
    

    测试Django的项目是否正常

    首先确保项目本身是正常的:

    python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
    

    如果没问题,使用uWSGI把项目拉起来:

    uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
    
    • module mysite.wsgi:加载wsgi模块

    如果项目能够正常被拉起,说明以下环节是通的:

    the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django
    

    3.配置nginx的

    安装nginx的完成后,如果能正常打开http://hostname,说明下面环节是通畅的:

    the web client <-> the web server
    

    增加nginx的配置

    • uwsgi_params文件拷贝产品到项目文件夹数下,uwsgi_params文件在/etc/nginx/目录下,可以也。从这个页面下载
    • 在项目文件夹下创建文件mysite_nginx.conf,填入并修改下面内容:
    # mysite_nginx.conf
    
    # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
    upstream django {
        # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
        server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
    }
    # configuration of the server
    server {
        # the port your site will be served on
        listen      8000;
        # the domain name it will serve for
        server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
        charset     utf-8;
    
        # max upload size
        client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste
    
        # Django media
        location /media  {
            alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
        }
    
        location /static {
            alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
        }
    
        # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
        location / {
            uwsgi_pass  django;
            include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
        }
    }
    

    这个配置文件告诉nginx的从文件系统中拉起媒体和静态文件作为服务,同时相应的django的请求

    /etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下创建³³本。文件的连接,使nginx的能够使用它:

    sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
    

    部署静态文件

    在Django中的设置文件中,添加下面一行内容:

    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
    

    然后运行:

    python manage.py collectstatic
    

    测试nginx的

    首先重启nginx的服务:

    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
    

    然后检查media文件是否已经正常拉起:在目录/path/to/your/project/project/media directory下添加文件meida.png,然后访问http://example.com:8000/media/media.png,成功后进行下一步测试。

    4.nginx和uWSGI以及test.py

    执行下面代码测试能否让nginx的在页面上显示hello, world

    uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
    

    访问http://example.com:8000,如果显示hello world,则下面环节是否通畅:

    the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python
    

    用UNIX socket取代TCP端口

    mysite_nginx.conf做如下修改:

    server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
    

    重启nginx的,并在此运行uWSGI

    uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py
    

    打开http://example.com:8000/,看看是否成功

    如果没有成功:

    检查nginx错误日志(/var/log/nginx/error.log)。如果错误如下:

    connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
    denied)
    

    添加插座权限再次运行:

    uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)
    

    要么

    uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)
    

    5.使用uswgi和nginx运行Django应用程序

    如果上面一切都显示正常,则下面命令可以拉起django应用

    uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664
    

    配置uWSGI以使用.ini文件运行

    每次都运行上面命令拉起django application实在麻烦,使用.ini文件能简化工作,方法如下:

    在应用程序目录下创建文件mysite_uwsgi.ini,填入并修改下面内容:

    # mysite_uwsgi.ini file
    [uwsgi]
    
    # Django-related settings
    # the base directory (full path)
    chdir           = /path/to/your/project
    # Django's wsgi file
    module          = project.wsgi
    # the virtualenv (full path)
    home            = /path/to/virtualenv
    
    # process-related settings
    # master
    master          = true
    # maximum number of worker processes
    processes       = 10
    # the socket (use the full path to be safe
    socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
    # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
    # chmod-socket    = 664
    # clear environment on exit
    vacuum          = true
    

    现在,只要执行以下命令,就能够拉起django应用程序:

    uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file
    

    在系统引导时使uWSGI启动

    编辑文件/etc/rc.local,添加下面内容到这行代码之前exit 0

    /usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket /path/to/mysite.sock --module /path/to/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666
    

    uWSGI的更多配置

    env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings # set an environment variable
    pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile
    harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
    limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB
    max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
    daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log # background the process & log
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hellohorld/p/10033715.html
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