AtCoder Educational DP Contest

A

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int n, k;
int f[N], a[N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
	for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
		f[i] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
		if(i >= 2) f[i] = min(f[i], f[i - 1] + abs(a[i] - a[i - 1]));
		if(i >= 3) f[i] = min(f[i], f[i - 2] + abs(a[i] - a[i - 2]));
	}
	printf("%d
", f[n]);
}

B

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int n, k;
int f[N], a[N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
	for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
		f[i] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
		for(int j = max(i - k, 1); j < i; ++j) {
			f[i] = min(f[i], f[j] + abs(a[i] - a[j]));
		}
	}
	printf("%d
", f[n]);
}

C

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int n, k;
int f[N][3], a[N][3];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d%d%d", &a[i][0], &a[i][1], &a[i][2]);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
			for(int k = 0; k < 3; ++k) {
				if(j == k) continue;
				f[i][j] = max(f[i][j], f[i - 1][k] + a[i][j]);
			}
		}
	}
	printf("%d
", max(max(f[n][0], f[n][1]), f[n][2]));
}

D

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

const int N = 100010;

int n, W;
ll f[N], w[N], v[N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &W);
	ll ans = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%lld%lld", &w[i], &v[i]);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = W; j >= w[i]; --j) {
			f[j] = max(f[j], f[j - w[i]] + v[i]);
		}
	}
	for(int i = 1; i <= W; ++i) ans = max(ans, f[i]);
	printf("%lld
", ans);
}

E

对比前面四题不那么傻的一题
很妙的一个转化，注意到这题的(W)很大，但是(v)很小，所以不妨转换一下状态，设(f[i,j])表示前(i)个物品，选出后的总价值为(j)，需要的最小体积。那么有(f[i][j]=min{f[i-1][j-v[i]]+w[i]})，答案就是对于所有(f[n][j]le W)的(j)取(max)。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 100010;

int n, v[N], W, w[N];
int f[110][N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &W);
	int sum = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d%d", &w[i], &v[i]), sum += v[i];
	memset(f, 0x3f, sizeof(f));
	f[0][0] = 0;
	int ans = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 0; j <= sum; ++j) {
			if(j >= v[i]) f[i][j] = min(f[i][j], f[i - 1][j - v[i]] + w[i]);
			f[i][j] = min(f[i][j], f[i - 1][j]);
			if(f[i][j] <= W) ans = max(ans, j);
		}
	}
	printf("%d
", ans);
}

F

LCS做一下就好，输出方案的话从([n,m])往回找就好了，用个栈压一下答案。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 3010;

char s[N], t[N], st[N];
int f[N][N];

int main() {
	scanf("%s%s", s + 1, t + 1);
	int n = strlen(s + 1), m = strlen(t + 1);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {
			f[i][j] = max(f[i - 1][j], f[i][j - 1]);
			if(s[i] == t[j]) f[i][j] = max(f[i][j], f[i - 1][j - 1] + 1);
		}
	}
	int now = f[n][m] + 1;
	int top = 0;
	for(int i = n; i; --i) {
		for(int j = m; j; --j) {
			if(s[i] == t[j] && f[i][j] == now - 1) {
				--now;
				st[++top] = s[i];
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	while(top) putchar(st[top--]);
}

G

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int n, m, deg[N], q[N], f[N];
int cnt, head[N];
struct edge { int to, nxt; } e[N];

void ins(int u, int v) {
	e[++cnt] = (edge) { v, head[u] };
	head[u] = cnt;
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
	for(int i = 1, u, v; i <= m; ++i) {
		scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
		ins(u, v); deg[v]++;
	}
	int l = 1, r = 1;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		if(!deg[i]) q[r++] = i;
	}
	while(l < r) {
		int u = q[l++];
		for(int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt) {
			int v = e[i].to;
			f[v] = max(f[v], f[u] + 1);
			deg[v]--;
			if(!deg[v]) q[r++] = v;
		}
	}
	int ans = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n ;++i) ans = max(ans, f[i]);
	printf("%d
", ans);
	return 0;
}

H

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 1010;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

int h, w, f[N][N];
char a[N][N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &h, &w);
	f[1][1] = 1;
	for(int i = 1; i <= h; ++i) scanf("%s", a[i] + 1);
	for(int i = 1; i <= h; ++i) {
		for(int j = 1; j <= w; ++j) {
			if(i == 1 && j == 1) continue;
			if(a[i][j] == '.' && a[i - 1][j] == '.') 
				(f[i][j] += f[i - 1][j]) %= mod;
			if(a[i][j] == '.' && a[i][j - 1] == '.')
				(f[i][j] += f[i][j - 1]) %= mod;
		}
	}
	printf("%d
", f[h][w]);
}

I

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 3000;

int n;
double p[N], f[2][N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	int cur = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%lf", &p[i]);
	f[1][0] = 1;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		memset(f[cur], 0, sizeof(f[cur]));
		for(int j = 0; j <= i; ++j) {
			f[cur][j] += f[cur ^ 1][j] * (1 - p[i]);
			f[cur][j] += f[cur ^ 1][j - 1] * p[i];
		}
		cur ^= 1;
	}
	double ans = 0;
	for(int i = n / 2 + 1; i <= n; ++i) ans += f[cur ^ 1][i];
	printf("%.15lf
", ans);
}

J

设(f[i][j][k])表示当前(a_x=3)的数有(i)个，(=2)的有(j)个，(=1)的有(k)个。
则有方程

[f[i][j][k]=frac {left( 1+f[i-1][j+1][k]*frac i n+f[i][j-1][k+1] * frac j n + f[i][j][k-1]* frac k n ight)}{frac {i+j+k} n} ]

答案即为(f[cnt[3]][cnt[2]][cnt[1]])

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 310;

double f[N][N][N];
int n, a[N], cnt[5];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]), cnt[a[i]]++;
	for(int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 0; j <= n; ++j) {
			for(int k = 0; k <= n; ++k) {
				if(i + j + k > n) continue;
				if(!i && !j && !k) continue;
				if(i > cnt[3]) continue;
				if(j > cnt[3] + cnt[2]) continue;
				if(k > cnt[3] + cnt[2] + cnt[1]) continue;
				double p1 = 1.0 * i / n, p2 = 1.0 * j / n, p3 = 1.0 * k / n;
				double p4 = 1.0 * (i + j + k) / n;
				f[i][j][k] = (double)(1+(i?f[i-1][j+1][k]:0)*p1+(j?f[i][j-1][k+1]:0)*p2+(k?f[i][j][k-1]:0)*p3)/p4;
			}
		}
	}
	printf("%.10lf
", f[cnt[3]][cnt[2]][cnt[1]]);
}

K

(SG)函数板子题，根据(SG)定理，只需要(sg(k))不为(0)就先手必胜。
对于( ext{mex})运算我直接从第一个数开始枚举了...需要复杂度正确的话就需要写个主席树或者写个权值分块。复杂度是(O(nklog A))或者(O(nk sqrt A))，如果直接枚举最坏是(O(nkA))的但是跑不到，能过。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int sg[N], n, k, a[N], vis[N];

int mex(int x) {
	memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		if(x - a[i] >= 0) vis[sg[x - a[i]]] = 1;
	}
	for(int i = 0; i <= 100000; ++i) if(!vis[i]) return i;
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		scanf("%d", &a[i]);
	}
	for(int j = 1; j <= k; ++j) sg[j] = mex(j);
	if(sg[k]) puts("First");
	else puts("Second");
}

L

设(f[l][r])表示按策略取完区间([l,r])可以得到的分数。
直接按他们的策略模拟即可，这个策略是有阶段性的。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 3100;

ll f[N][N];
int n, a[N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if(n & 1) f[i][i] = a[i]; else f[i][i] = -a[i];
	for(int len = 2; len <= n; ++len) {
		for(int l = 1; l <= n; ++l) {
			int r = l + len - 1;
			if((n - len) & 1) f[l][r] = min(f[l + 1][r] - a[l], f[l][r - 1] - a[r]);
			else f[l][r] = max(f[l + 1][r] + a[l], f[l][r - 1] + a[r]);
		}
	}
	printf("%lld
", f[1][n]);
}

M

用前缀和优化一下转移即可。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 100010;
const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;

int n, k, a[N];
ll f[101][N], sum[101][N];
/*
 f[i][j]表示前i个人，一共分了j份。
 */
int main() {
	int cur = 1;
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
	sum[0][1] = f[0][1] = 1;
	for(int i = 1; i <= k + 1; ++i) sum[0][i] = 1; 
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 1; j <= k + 1; ++j) {
			(f[i][j] = sum[i - 1][j] - sum[i - 1][max(j - a[i] - 1, 0)]) %= mod;
			sum[i][j] = (f[i][j] + sum[i][j - 1]) % mod;
		}
	}
	printf("%lld
", (f[n][k + 1] % mod + mod) % mod);
/*	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 1; j <= k + 1; ++j) printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
		puts("");
	}*/
}

N

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 500;

ll f[N][N], sum[N];
int n, a[N], ans = 0;

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]), sum[i] = sum[i - 1] + a[i];
	memset(f, 0x3f, sizeof(f));
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) f[i][i] = 0;
	for(int len = 2; len <= n; ++len) {
		for(int l = 1; l <= n; ++l) {
			int r = l + len - 1;
			if(r > n) break;
			for(int k = l; k < r; ++k) {
				f[l][r] = min(f[l][r], f[l][k] + f[k + 1][r] + sum[r] - sum[l - 1]);
			}
		}
	}
	printf("%lld
", f[1][n]);
}

O

状压dp。
一开始写了很傻的(O(n^2 2^n))居然都过了，(O(n 2 ^n))的做法就是先枚举集合，然后统计出当前匹配了多少人(i)，对(f[i][S])枚举转移点转移即可。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 22;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

int n, a[N][N];
int f[N][1 << N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
	}
	f[0][0] = 1;
	for(int S = 1; S < (1 << n); ++S) {
		int i = 0;
		for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j) if((S >> j) & 1) ++i;
		for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
			if(((S >> j) & 1) && a[i][j + 1]) (f[i][S] += f[i - 1][S ^ (1 << j)]) %= mod;
		}
	}
	printf("%d
", f[n][(1 << n) - 1]);
}

P

设(f[i][0/1])表示节点(i)涂成黑色/白色的方案数。
有方程(f[i][1]=prod_{jin son(i)} (f[j][0]+f[j][1]),f[i][0]=sum_{jin son(i)} f[j][1])

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int N = 100010;

int n;
ll f[N][2];
// f[i][0/1]表示将该节点涂成黑色/白色的方案数
int cnt, head[N];
struct edge { int to, nxt; } e[N << 1];

void ins(int u, int v) {
	e[++cnt] = (edge) { v, head[u] };
	head[u] = cnt;
}

void dfs(int u, int fa) {
	f[u][0] = f[u][1] = 1;
	for(int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt) {
		int v = e[i].to;
		if(v == fa) continue;
		dfs(v, u);
		(f[u][0] *= f[v][1]) %= mod;
		(f[u][1] *= (f[v][0] + f[v][1]) % mod) %= mod;
	}
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int u, v, i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
		scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
		ins(u, v), ins(v, u);
	}
	dfs(1, 0);
	printf("%lld
", (f[1][0] + f[1][1]) % mod);
}

Q

用BIT维护一下前缀(max)转移即可。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

const int N = 200010;

int n, a[N], h[N];
ll c[N];
#define lowbit(i) (i & -i)
void add(int x, ll v) {
	for(int i = x; i <= n; i += lowbit(i)) c[i] = max(c[i], v);
}
ll query(int x) {
	ll ans = 0;
	for(int i = x; i; i -= lowbit(i)) ans = max(ans, c[i]);
	return ans;
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &h[i]);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		add(h[i], query(h[i]) + a[i]);
	}
	printf("%lld
", query(n));
}

R

和bzoj cow relays一样。
把矩阵乘法写成类似floyd那样，用矩阵快速幂维护即可。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

const int N = 60;
const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;

int n;
ll K;
struct mat {
	ll d[N][N];
	mat() {memset(d, 0, sizeof(d));}
	mat operator * (mat &x) {
		mat ans;
		for(int k = 1; k <= n; ++k) {
			for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
				for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
					(ans.d[i][j] += d[i][k] * x.d[k][j] % mod) %= mod;
				}
			}
		}
		return ans;
	}
} A[65];

int main() {
	scanf("%d%lld", &n, &K);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) scanf("%lld", &A[0].d[i][j]);
	for(ll i = 1; (1LL << i) <= K; ++i) {
		A[i] = A[i - 1] * A[i - 1];
	}
	mat ans;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) ans.d[i][i] = 1;
	for(ll i = 0; (1LL << i) <= K; ++i) 
		if((K >> i) & 1LL) ans = ans * A[i];
	ll sum = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) (sum += ans.d[i][j]) %= mod;
	}
	printf("%lld
", sum);
}

S

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

const int N = 100010;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

char s[N];
int d, n, a[N];
int f[10010][110];

int dfs(int cnt, int limit, int lead, int s) {
	if(!cnt) return !s && !lead;
	if(~f[cnt][s] && !limit && !lead) return f[cnt][s];
	int sum = 0, ed = limit ? a[cnt] : 9;
	for(int i = 0; i <= ed; ++i) {
		(sum += dfs(cnt - 1, limit && (i == ed), lead && (!i), (s + i) % d)) %= mod;
	}
	if(!limit && !lead) return f[cnt][s] = sum;
	return sum;
}

int main() {
	memset(f, -1, sizeof(f));
	scanf("%s%d", s + 1, &d);
	n = strlen(s + 1);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) a[i] = s[i] - '0';
	reverse(a + 1, a + n + 1);
	printf("%lld
", dfs(n, 1, 1, 0));
}

T

设(f[i][j])表示填在第(i)位的数在已填入的数中排名为(j)。
考虑这样子设计状态为什么是对的，如果第二维表示的是填入的数是(j)，那么并不能知道前面(i-1)个数具体填的是什么（因为排列不可重，所以不能填重复的数），也就无从转移。
设成在已填入数中排名为(j)，这样知道的是相对关系，所以可转移点也就确定了（相对小于它的点）。
对于(s[i]='<')，有(f[i][j]=sum_{k< j} f[i-1][k])
对于(s[i]='>')，有(f[i][j]=sum_{jle k< i}f[i-1][k])
维护一下前缀和即可(O(n^2))转移。
设计状态的时候设计成相对关系有时候很有用。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 3010;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

char s[N];
int f[N][N], sum[N], n;

/*
f[i][j]表示位置i，然后位置i的数在已填入的数中排名为j
'>' f[i][j] = sum_{k < j} f[i - 1][k] 
'<' f[i][j] = sum_{k >= j} f[i - 1][k]
 */

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	scanf("%s", s + 2);
	f[1][1] = sum[1] = 1;
	for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
			if(s[i] == '<') (f[i][j] += sum[j - 1]) %= mod;
			else (f[i][j] += sum[i - 1] - sum[j - 1] + mod) %= mod;
		}
		for(int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) sum[j] = (sum[j - 1] + f[i][j]) % mod;
	}
	printf("%d
", sum[n]);
}

U

状压dp。枚举子集转移即可。
(f[S]=sum f[S_1]+val[Soplus S_1])其中(S_1)为(S)的子集。
(val[S])可以(O(n^22^n))处理出来。
复杂度为(O(3^n+n^22^n))

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 17;

int n, a[N][N], b[N], cnt;
ll f[1 << N], val[1 << N];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j) scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
	}
	for(int S = 1; S < (1 << n); ++S) {
		cnt = 0;
		for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
			if((S >> i) & 1) b[++cnt] = i;
		}
		for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i) {
			for(int j = i + 1; j <= cnt; ++j) val[S] += a[b[i]][b[j]];
		}
	}
	for(int S = 1; S < (1 << n); ++S) {
		for(int S1 = S; S1; S1 = (S1 - 1) & S) {
			f[S] = max(f[S], f[S ^ S1] + val[S1]);
		}
	}
	printf("%lld
", f[(1 << n) - 1]);
}

V

W

线段树优化dp。
因为如果选了一个点，那么右端点在它之前的线段显然不会对这个点有影响，那么把那些线段的贡献都加上去之后取max转移即可。具体可见代码。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

const int N = 300010;
const ll inf = 1e16;

ll f[N];
int n, m;
struct tree { int l, r; ll mx, tag; } t[N << 2];
struct line { int l, r; ll v; } a[N];

#define lc (rt << 1)
#define rc (rt << 1 | 1)
void build(int l, int r, int rt) {
    t[rt].l = l; t[rt].r = r;
    if(l == r) return; int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    build(l, mid, lc); build(mid + 1, r, rc);
}
void up(int rt) { t[rt].mx = max(t[lc].mx, t[rc].mx); }
#define l (t[rt].l)
#define r (t[rt].r)
#define mid ((l + r) >> 1)
void down(int rt) {
    if(t[rt].tag) {
        t[lc].mx += t[rt].tag; t[rc].mx += t[rt].tag;
        t[lc].tag += t[rt].tag; t[rc].tag += t[rt].tag;
        t[rt].tag = 0;
    }
}
void upd(int L, int R, ll c, int rt) {
    if(L <= l && r <= R) {
        t[rt].mx += c; t[rt].tag += c;
        return;
    }
    down(rt);
    if(L <= mid) upd(L, R, c, lc);
    if(R > mid) upd(L, R, c, rc);
    up(rt);
}
ll query(int L, int R, int rt) {
    if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt].mx;
    down(rt); ll ans = -inf;
    if(L <= mid) ans = max(ans, query(L, R, lc));
    if(R > mid) ans = max(ans, query(L, R, rc));
    return ans;
}
#undef l
#undef r
#undef mid
#undef lc
#undef rc

bool operator < (line a, line b) { return a.r < b.r; }

int main() {
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    build(1, n, 1);
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
        scanf("%d%d%lld", &a[i].l, &a[i].r, &a[i].v);
    }
    sort(a + 1, a + m + 1);
    int r = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { 
        upd(i, i, query(1, i, 1), 1);
        while(a[r].r == i) {
            upd(a[r].l, a[r].r, a[r].v, 1);
            ++r;
        }
    }
    printf("%lld
", max(0LL, query(1, n, 1)));
}

X

按(w+s)升序排序然后类似背包转移即可。
这个排序的贪心可以用排序不等式证明。（也可以感性理解）

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 1010;
typedef long long ll;

int n;
ll f[N][N * 30];
struct Node { int w, s; ll v; } a[N];
/*
 设f[i][j]表示前i个，然后总重量为j的最大答案。
 */

bool operator < (Node a, Node b) {
	if(a.s + a.w == b.s + b.w) return a.s < b.s; 
	return a.s + a.w < b.s + b.w; 
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		scanf("%d%d%lld", &a[i].w, &a[i].s, &a[i].v);
	}
	sort(a + 1, a + n + 1);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for(int j = 0; j <= a[n].s + a[n].w; ++j) f[i][j] = max(f[i][j], f[i - 1][j]);
		for(int j = 0; j <= a[i].s; ++j) f[i][j + a[i].w] = max(f[i][j + a[i].w], f[i - 1][j] + a[i].v);
	}
	ll ans = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i <= a[n].s + a[n].w; ++i) ans = max(ans, f[n][i]);
	printf("%lld
", ans);
}

Y

计数dp。首先一个没有任何障碍的(h imes w)的网格图从((1,1))走到((h,w))的方案数为(C^{h-1}_{h+w-2})（考虑一共要走(h-1)次向下，(w-1)次向右，一共(h+w-2)次操作）
设(f[i])表示仅经过第(i)个黑点且目前位于第(i)个黑点的方案数。
将黑点按(x)为第一关键字，(y)为第二关键字升序排序。
有(f[i]=C^{x_i-1}_{x_i+y_i-2}-sum_{j<i,x_ile x_j,y_ile y_j}f[j] imes C^{x_i-x_j}_{x_i-x_j+y_i-y_j})
钦定((h,w))为第(n+1)个黑点，那么答案就是(f[n+1])

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int N = 200010;
ll fac[N], inv[N], f[N];
int h, w, n;
struct Node { int x, y; } a[N];

ll power(ll a, ll b) {
	ll ans = 1;
	while(b) {
		if(b & 1) ans = ans * a % mod;
		a = a * a % mod; b >>= 1;
	} return ans;
}

bool operator < (Node a, Node b) { 
	if(a.x == b.x) return a.y < b.y;
	return a.x < b.x;
}

ll C(int n, int m) {
	return fac[m] * inv[n] % mod * inv[m - n] % mod;
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d%d", &h, &w, &n);
	fac[0] = inv[0] = 1;
	for(int i = 1; i < N; ++i) {
		fac[i] = 1LL * fac[i - 1] * i % mod;
		inv[i] = power(fac[i], mod - 2);
	}
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		scanf("%d%d", &a[i].x, &a[i].y);
	}
	sort(a + 1, a + n + 1);
	a[n + 1] = (Node) { h, w };
	for(int i = 1; i <= n + 1; ++i) {
		f[i] = C(a[i].x - 1, a[i].x + a[i].y - 2);
		for(int j = 1; j < i; ++j) {
			if(a[j].x <= a[i].x && a[j].y <= a[i].y) {
				f[i] -= C(a[i].x - a[j].x, a[i].x - a[j].x + a[i].y - a[j].y) * f[j] % mod;
				(f[i] += mod) %= mod;
			}
		}
	}
	printf("%lld
", f[n + 1]);
}