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  • ios iOS手势识别的详细使用(拖动,缩放,旋转,点击,手势依赖,自定义手势)

    iOS手势识别的详细使用(拖动,缩放,旋转,点击,手势依赖,自定义手势)

    转自容芳志大神的博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/stoic/archive/2013/02/27/2940029.html#commentform

    1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍

    手势识别在iOS上非常重要,手势操作移动设备的重要特征,极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。
    iOS系统在3.2以后,为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势,提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类,下面的子类是具体的手势,开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。
    • Tap(点一下)
    • Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动,平时经常用到的缩放)
    • Rotation(旋转)
    • Swipe(滑动,快速移动)
    • Pan (拖移,慢速移动)
    •  LongPress(长按)
    UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下:
     
     

    2、使用手势的步骤

    使用手势很简单,分为两步:
    1. 创建手势实例。当创建手势时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,回调方法被调用。
    2. 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View,当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会回调方法。
    ps:一个手势只能对应一个View,但是一个View可以有多个手势。
    建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致你认为手势失效。

    3、Pan 拖动手势:

        UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
        snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
        UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
                                                        initWithTarget:self
                                                        action:@selector(handlePan:)];    
        [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
        [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
        [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
    新建一个ImageView,然后添加手势
    回调方法:
    - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
    {
        CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
        recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
                                       recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
        [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
        
    }
    

    4、Pinch缩放手势

    UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
                                                            initWithTarget:self
                                                            action:@selector(handlePinch:)];

    [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];


    - (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
    {
        recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
        recognizer.scale = 1;
    }

    5、Rotation旋转手势

        UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
                                                         initWithTarget:self
                                                         action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
        [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
     
    - (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
    {
        recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
        recognizer.rotation = 0;
    }
     
     
     
    添加了这几个手势后,运行看效果,程序中的imageView放了一个
                        /^/^
                      _|__|  O|
             /     /~     \_/
              \____|__________/  
                     \_______      
                             `                    
                               |     |                  
                              /      /                    
                             /     /                       \
                           /      /                        
                          /     /                              
                        /     /             _----_              
                       /     /           _-~      ~-_         |   |
                      (      (        _-~    _--_    ~-_     _/   |
                             ~-____-~    _-~    ~-_    ~-_-~    /
                         ~-_           _-~          ~-_       _-~  
                            ~--______-~                ~-___-~
    的图片,在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题,估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了,所以操作无效果。
    建议在真机上运行这个手势。
    在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧:
    可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点,按住alt键,按下触摸板(不按下不行),这样就可以旋转和缩放了。

    6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势

    记住:一个手势只能添加到一个View,两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了
    - (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
    
        UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
        UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
        snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
        dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
        [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
        [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];
        
        for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
            UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
                                                            initWithTarget:self
                                                            action:@selector(handlePan:)];
            
            UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
                                                                initWithTarget:self
                                                                action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
            
            UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
                                                             initWithTarget:self
                                                             action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
            
            [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
            [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
            [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
            [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
        }
        [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];     
    }

    多添加了一条龙的view,两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下:
     
    7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)
    如何实现呢?
    1. 监视手势是否结束
    2. 监视触摸的速度
    - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
    {
        CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
        recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
                                           recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
        [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
        
        if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
            
            CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
            CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
            CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
            NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);
            
            float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
            CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
                                             recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
            finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
            finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);
            
            [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
                recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
            } completion:nil];
            
        }
       
    代码实现解析:
    1. 计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。
    2. 如果速度向量小于200,那就会得到一个小于的小数,那么滑行会很短
    3. 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
    4. 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
    5. 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点
    运行后,快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。
     

    8、同时触发两个view的手势

    手势之间是互斥的,如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view,那么需要实现协议

    UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,

     

    @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
    @end
    并在协议这个方法里返回YES。
    -(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
    {
        return YES;
    }
    把self作为代理设置给手势:

     

            panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
            pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
            rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
    这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。

    9、tap点击手势

    这里为了方便看到tap的效果,当点击一下屏幕时,播放一个声音。

    为了播放声音,我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。

     

    - (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
        NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
        NSError * error;
        AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
        if (!player) {
            NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
        } else {
            [player prepareToPlay];
        }
        return player;
    }
    我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码,添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。

     

    #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
    #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
    
    @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
    @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
    @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;
    
    @end

     

    - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
        [self.chompPlayer play];
    }

    运行,点一下某个图,就会播放一个咬东西的声音。

    不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷,就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢?使用手势的:requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

     

    10、手势的依赖性

    在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码:

     

            [tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
    
    意思就是,当如果pan手势失败,就是没发生拖动,才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动,那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。

     

    11、自定义手势

    自定义手势继承:UIGestureRecognizer,实现下面的方法:

     

    – touchesBegan:withEvent:
    – touchesMoved:withEvent:
    – touchesEnded:withEvent:
    - touchesCancelled:withEvent:

    新建一个类,继承UIGestureRecognizer,代码如下:

    .h文件

     

    #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
    typedef enum {
        DirectionUnknown = 0,
        DirectionLeft,
        DirectionRight
    } Direction;
    
    @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
    @property (assign) int tickleCount;
    @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
    @property (assign) Direction lastDirection;
    
    @end
    .m文件
    #import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
    #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
    #define REQUIRED_TICKLES        2
    #define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE     25
    
    @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer
    
    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
        UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
        self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];
    }
    
    - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
        
        // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
        UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
        CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];
        CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
        Direction curDirection;
        if (moveAmt < 0) {
            curDirection = DirectionLeft;
        } else {
            curDirection = DirectionRight;
        }
        if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;
        
        // 确认方向改变了
        if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
            (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||
            (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
            
            // 挠痒次数
            self.tickleCount++;
            self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
            self.lastDirection = curDirection;
            
            // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数,设置手势为结束状态
            // 这样回调函数会被调用。
            if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
                [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    - (void)reset {
        self.tickleCount = 0;
        self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
        self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
        if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
            [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
        }
    }
    
    - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
    {
        [self reset];
    }
    
    - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
    {
        [self reset];
    }
    
    @end

    调用自定义手势和上面一样,回到这样写:

     

    - (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{
        [self.hehePlayer play];
    }
    手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。
    在真机上运行,按住某个view,快速左右拖动,就会发出笑的声音了。
    代码解析:
    先获取起始坐标:curTickleStart
    通过和ticklePoint的x值对比,得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大,如果太则返回。
    再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作,如果是则手势结束,回调。
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hero11223/p/5395898.html
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