1.k
k*命令显示给定线程的调用堆栈,以及其他相关信息
~0 k表示打印0号线程的调用堆栈,直接用k表示打印当前线程的调用堆栈
0:002> ~0k ChildEBP RetAddr 0007fddc 77d191be ntdll!KiFastSystemCallRet 0007fdfc 010021b0 USER32!NtUserGetMessage+0xc 0007ff1c 010125e9 calc!WinMain+0x25f 0007ffc0 7c817077 calc!WinMainCRTStartup+0x174 0007fff0 00000000 kernel32!BaseProcessStart+0x23 0:002> k ChildEBP RetAddr 00bfffc8 7c972119 ntdll!DbgBreakPoint 00bffff4 00000000 ntdll!DbgUiRemoteBreakin+0x2d 0:002> ~2k ChildEBP RetAddr 00bfffc8 7c972119 ntdll!DbgBreakPoint 00bffff4 00000000 ntdll!DbgUiRemoteBreakin+0x2d
我们注意到2号线程的堆栈,这是windbg创建一个远程线程来执行DbgUiRemoteBreakin函数,它内部会调用DbgBreakPoint执行断点指令,以触发断点异常,强制把程序断了下来,所以windbg打印出来的线程总多了一条,所以不要惊讶为什么线程多了点。
其实我想弄清楚那个ChildEBP/RetAddr分别具体指什么:先K看下堆栈:
0:000> k ChildEBP RetAddr 0012fb1c 7c95e612 ntdll!DbgBreakPoint 0012fc94 7c94108f ntdll!LdrpInitializeProcess+0xffa 0012fd1c 7c92e437 ntdll!_LdrpInitialize+0x183 00000000 00000000 ntdll!KiUserApcDispatcher+0x7
再打开反汇编窗口:
ntdll!DbgBreakPoint: 7c92120e cc int 3
当前运行到这一行:再用r ebp查看下值:
0:000> r ebp ebp=0012fc94
这个值是LdrpInitializeProcess前面的ChildEBP,F10单步调试到ret(也就是7c92120f)
ntdll!DbgBreakPoint: 7c92120e cc int 3 7c92120f c3 ret
再F10调试一步,退回到LdrpInitializeProcess中(7c95e612):
7c95e60d e8fc2bfcff call ntdll!DbgBreakPoint (7c92120e) 7c95e612 8b4368 mov eax,dword ptr [ebx+68h] ds:0023:7ffd3068=00000070
我们发现这个7c95e612就是DbgBreakPoint的返回地址,也就是返回地址应该是指函数退出后下个EIP的值,我以前还一直以为是那个ret/leave对应的地方,原来是ret运行后的值.
0:002> kb
ChildEBP RetAddr Args to Child
00bfffc8 7c972119 00000005 00000004 00000001 ntdll!DbgBreakPoint
00bffff4 00000000 00000000 00000008 000060c0 ntdll!DbgUiRemoteBreakin+0x2d
0:002> kp
ChildEBP RetAddr
00bfffc8 7c972119 ntdll!DbgBreakPoint
00bffff4 00000000 ntdll!DbgUiRemoteBreakin+0x2d
kp在有符号文件存在时显示会大不一行,我这贴一个debug下的kp打印:
0:000> kp ChildEBP RetAddr 0012f78c 7c92daea ntdll!KiFastSystemCallRet 0012f790 7c932298 ntdll!ZwRequestWaitReplyPort+0xc 0012f7b0 7c872a51 ntdll!CsrClientCallServer+0x8c 0012f8ac 7c872b98 kernel32!ReadConsoleInternal+0x1be 0012f934 7c8018b7 kernel32!ReadConsoleA+0x3b 0012f98c 102c207c kernel32!ReadFile+0x64 0012fa20 102c19c9 MSVCR90D!_read_nolock(int fh = 0, void * inputbuf = 0x10316740, unsigned int cnt = 0x1000)+0x62c [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\read.c @ 233] 0012fa70 10253e43 MSVCR90D!_read(int fh = 0, void * buf = 0x10316740, unsigned int cnt = 0x1000)+0x219 [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\read.c @ 93] 0012fa98 102523e8 MSVCR90D!_filbuf(struct _iobuf * str = 0x103113e8)+0x113 [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\_filbuf.c @ 136] 0012faf0 10252440 MSVCR90D!getc(struct _iobuf * stream = 0x103113e8)+0x208 [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\fgetc.c @ 76] 0012fafc 1025245a MSVCR90D!_fgetchar(void)+0x10 [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\fgetchar.c @ 37] 0012fb04 0041160b MSVCR90D!getchar(void)+0xa [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\fgetchar.c @ 47] 0012fbe4 004114b2 test2!MyCls::hold(void)+0x2b [d:\project1\test2\test2\test2.cpp @ 28] 0012fcec 0041167a test2!foo1(void)+0xa2 [d:\project1\test2\test2\test2.cpp @ 39] 0012fdc0 004116ea test2!foo2(void)+0x3a [d:\project1\test2\test2\test2.cpp @ 45] 0012fe94 00411743 test2!foo3(void)+0x3a [d:\project1\test2\test2\test2.cpp @ 51] 0012ff68 00411ce8 test2!main(void)+0x23 [d:\project1\test2\test2\test2.cpp @ 56] 0012ffb8 00411b2f test2!__tmainCRTStartup(void)+0x1a8 [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\crtexe.c @ 586] 0012ffc0 7c817077 test2!mainCRTStartup(void)+0xf [f:\dd\vctools\crt_bld\self_x86\crt\src\crtexe.c @ 403] 0012fff0 00000000 kernel32!BaseProcessStart+0x23
可以看到,函数参数列表都被显示出来了.
2.u
u 命令显示指定的内存中的程序代码的反汇编。
如果要反汇编某一个地址,直接用u 命令加地址
0:002> u 77d2929a USER32!SendMessageW: 77d2929a 8bff mov edi,edi 77d2929c 55 push ebp 77d2929d 8bec mov ebp,esp 77d2929f 56 push esi 77d292a0 8b750c mov esi,dword ptr [ebp+0Ch] 77d292a3 f7c60000feff test esi,0FFFE0000h 77d292a9 0f85be800100 jne USER32!SendMessageW+0x11 (77d4136d) 77d292af 8b4d08 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp+8]
如果存在符号文件,也可以这样直接加函数名:
0:002> u user32!SendMessagew USER32!SendMessageW: 77d2929a 8bff mov edi,edi 77d2929c 55 push ebp 77d2929d 8bec mov ebp,esp 77d2929f 56 push esi 77d292a0 8b750c mov esi,dword ptr [ebp+0Ch] 77d292a3 f7c60000feff test esi,0FFFE0000h 77d292a9 0f85be800100 jne USER32!SendMessageW+0x11 (77d4136d) 77d292af 8b4d08 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp+8]
注意的是,函数只支持全名,你要是写成u user32!SendMessage,windbg是认不出来的,当然你可以按TAB来让windbg自动匹配
0:002> ub USER32!SendMessageW USER32!SendMessageWorker+0x4ed: 77d29290 5b pop ebx 77d29291 c9 leave 77d29292 c21400 ret 14h 77d29295 90 nop 77d29296 90 nop 77d29297 90 nop 77d29298 90 nop 77d29299 90 nop
我们可以发现ub的结束后一条刚好是u的开始
同样如果存在符号文件,我们可以用uf来反汇编整个函数:
uf 命令显示内存中指定函数的反汇编代码。
2.x
x命令显示所有上下文中匹配指定模板的符号。可用字符通配符
0:002> x user32!send*
77d53948 USER32!SendNotifyMessageA = <no type information>
77d2fb6b USER32!SendMessageTimeoutA = <no type information>
77d6b88f USER32!SendOpenStatusNotify = <no type information>
77d6b49e USER32!SendIMEMessageExA = <no type information>
77d2d64f USER32!SendNotifyMessageW = <no type information>
77d2cdaa USER32!SendMessageTimeoutW = <no type information>
77d65b26 USER32!SendHelpMessage = <no type information>
77d6b823 USER32!SendMessageToUI = <no type information>
77d6b48d USER32!SendIMEMessageExW = <no type information>
77d2cd08 USER32!SendMessageTimeoutWorker = <no type information>
77d203fc USER32!SendRegisterMessageToClass = <no type information>
77d3c2e7 USER32!SendDlgItemMessageA = <no type information>
77d2d6db USER32!SendMessageCallbackW = <no type information>
77d6b129 USER32!SendMessageCallbackA = <no type information>
77d273cc USER32!SendDlgItemMessageW = <no type information>
77d61930 USER32!SendWinHelpMessage = <no type information>
77d291b3 USER32!SendMessageWorker = <no type information>
77d2929a USER32!SendMessageW = <no type information>
77d2f3c2 USER32!SendMessageA = <no type information>
所以,这个可以用来定位函数,
这里介绍下字符串通配符语法
一个星号(*)表示零个或多个字符。这个前面的例子用到了,
一个问号(?)表示任意单个字符,如下例:
0:002> x user32!sendMessage?
77d2929a USER32!SendMessageW = <no type information>
77d2f3c2 USER32!SendMessageA = <no type information>
一个井号(#)匹配零个或多个前一个字符。例如,Lo#p 将匹配 "Lp", "Lop", "Loop", "Looop" 等等
一个加号(+)匹配一个或多个前一个字符
如果你需要使用 #、 ?、 [, ]、*、+ 字符本身,必须在这些字符前面加一个反斜杠(\)。