Django开发博客一(搭建模型和准备数据)

一.环境搭建

1.创建虚拟环境

virtualenv blogenv

2.安装django1.11

pip install django==1.11

3.新建工程

django-admin startproject myblog

4.创建工程下的应用(进入工程目录下)

django-admin startapp blog

django-admin startapp comment

5.打开pycharm,在setting文件中完成基本设置

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
#在INSTALLED_APPS中激活blog,comment

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog',
    'comment'
]
#在Templates中设置templates更目录位置

'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],

二.编写模型

1.在models文件中编写Post模型

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
from django.utils import timezone
import markdown
from django.utils.html import strip_tags


class Category(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name='类别')
    slug=models.SlugField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        ordering=('name',)
        verbose_name='类别'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
class Post(models.Model):
    category=models.ForeignKey(Category,verbose_name='类别',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    auth=models.ForeignKey(User,verbose_name='作者',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    slug=models.SlugField()
    title=models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name='标题')
    excert=models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name='摘要')
    content=models.TextField(verbose_name='正文')
    created=models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True,verbose_name='创建时间')
    updated=models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True,verbose_name='更新时间')
    status=models.CharField(choices=(('publish','已发表'),('unpublish','未发表')),default='publish',max_length=20)
    publish=models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='发表时间',default=timezone.now)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
    class Meta:
        verbose_name='博文'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
        ordering=['status','-publish']
　　#用markdown处理文本内容,根据文本内容生成摘要
    def save(self,*args,**kwargs):
        md = markdown.Markdown(
            extensions=[
                'markdown.extensions.extra',
                'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
            ]
        )
　　　　#markdown处理
        self.content=md.convert(self.content)
        if not self.excert:
　　　　　　　　#strip_tags将HTML转成字符串
            self.excert=strip_tags(self.content)[:54]
        super(Post, self).save(*args,**kwargs)

2.生成数据迁移表

#python manage.py makemigrations

3.数据迁移

#python manage.py migrate

4.在admin.py中注册模型(django自带的后台管理系统,提供一个良好的管理界面,更强大的有xadmin)

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post,Category
# Register your models here.
class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    #需要显示字段
    list_display = ['name']
    #当slug为空时,根据name字段生成slug
    prepopulated_fields = {'slug':('name',)}
admin.site.register(Category,CategoryAdmin)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['title','excert','status','publish']
    #字段筛选器
    list_filter = ['publish']
    prepopulated_fields = {'slug':('title',)}
    #搜索框
    search_fields = ['title','content']
    #排序
    ordering = ['status','-publish']
admin.site.register(Post,PostAdmin)

5.创建管理员账号

#python manage.py createsuperuser

6.启动服务,并登录http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

python manage.py runsever

三.从Excel读取数据到django数据库中

 1.新建data文件夹,将3-wp_posts.xlsx放入该文件夹

2.代码编写,详情看注释

import openpyxl
'''
2007版以前的Excel（xls结尾的），需要使用xlrd读，xlwt写。
2007版以后的Excel（xlsx结尾的），需要使用openpyxl来读写。
'''
def read07Excel(path,mlst):
    wb=openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
    sheet=wb.get_sheet_by_name('wp_posts')
    j=0
    for row in sheet.rows:
        i=0
        if j!=0:
             mlst2 = []
             for cell in row:
                if i==4 or i==5:
                    mlst2.append(cell.value)
                i=i+1
             mlst.append(mlst2)
        j+=1
file_path='data/3-wp_posts.xlsx'
mlst=[]
read07Excel(file_path,mlst)
# print(mlst)
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myblog.settings")
import django
import random
django.setup()
from blog.models import Post,Category
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
def main(category,user,content,title):
    Post.objects.create(category=category,auth=user,content=content,title=title)
categories=Category.objects.all()
user=get_object_or_404(User,username='admin')
for i in range(25):
    category=random.choice(categories)
    for lst in mlst:
         main(category,user,lst[0],lst[1])