hadoop Native Shared Libraries 使得Hadoop可以使用多种压缩编码算法，来提高数据的io处理性能。不同的压缩库需要依赖到很多Linux本地共享库文件，社区提供的二进制安装包，默认没有支持snappy这样在生产中最常用的压缩格式。而且社区没有提供64位的二进制安装包，在生产环境中一般都是x86 64位服务器，所以需要自己编译部署包。根据公司情况有一些修改的分支基础构建二进制安装包／rpm包。
我今天介绍，源码编译Hadoop支持多种Native Shared Libraries，编译完成默认支持所有native libraries。
文件压缩主要有两方面的好处：一方面节省文件存储空间；另一方面加速网络数据传输或磁盘读写。当处理大规模的数据时这些效果提升更加明显，因此我们需要仔细斟酌压缩在Hadoop环境下的使用,不同的Hadoop分析引擎对不同的数据压缩和文件格式有不同的性能特点，
请参考:Hadoop列式存储引擎Parquet/ORC和snappy压缩
Components
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The native hadoop library includes various components:
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Compression Codecs (bzip2, lz4, snappy, zlib)
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Native IO utilities for HDFS Short-Circuit Local Reads and Centralized Cache Management in HDFS
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CRC32 checksum implementation
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Requirements:
* Unix System * JDK 1.7+ * Maven 3.0 or later * Findbugs 1.3.9 (if running findbugs) * ProtocolBuffer 2.5.0 * CMake 2.6 or newer (if compiling native code), must be 3.0 or newer on Mac * Zlib devel (if compiling native code) * openssl devel ( if compiling native hadoop-pipes and to get the best HDFS encryption performance ) * Jansson C XML parsing library ( if compiling libwebhdfs ) * Linux FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) version 2.6 or above ( if compiling fuse_dfs ) * Internet connection for first build (to fetch all Maven and Hadoop dependencies)
Installing required
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Installing required packages for clean install of Centos 6.x Desktop:
Requirements: gcc c++, autoconf, automake, libtool, Java 6,JAVA_HOME set, Maven 3
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Native libraries
yum -y gcc c++ install lzo-devel zlib zlib-devel autoconf automake libtool cmake yum -y install svn ncurses-devel yum install openssl-devel yum install ant -y yum install cmake -y
- Maven && JDK 1.7
# tail -6 ~/.bash_profile export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/maven export PATH=.:$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar # source ~/.bash_profile # mvn -v Apache Maven 3.3.3 (7994120775791599e205a5524ec3e0dfe41d4a06; 2015-04-22T19:57:37+08:00) Maven home: /opt/maven Java version: 1.7.0_45, vendor: Oracle Corporation Java home: /opt/jdk1.7.0_45/jre Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8 OS name: "linux", version: "2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
- ProtocolBuffer 2.5.0 (required) （见另一篇文章）
$ tar -zxvf protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz $ cd protobuf-2.5.0/ ./configure make make install $ protoc --version libprotoc 2.5.0
- Optional packages
Snappy compression
yum -y install snappy snappy-devel
Bzip2
yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel bzip2-libs -y
Linux FUSE
yum install fuse fuse-devel fuse-libs
snappy link
$ ls -lh /usr/lib64/ |grep snappy lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Jul 3 21:45 libsnappy.so -> libsnappy.so.1.1.4 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Feb 12 03:08 libsnappy.so.1 -> libsnappy.so.1.1.4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22K Nov 23 2013 libsnappy.so.1.1.4 ln -sf /usr/lib64/libsnappy.so.1.1.4 /usr/local/lib ln -sf /usr/lib64/libsnappy.so /usr/local/lib ln -sf /usr/lib64/libsnappy.so.1 /usr/local/lib $ ls -lh /usr/local/lib|grep snappy lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jul 9 18:47 libsnappy.so -> /usr/lib64/libsnappy.so lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Jul 9 18:47 libsnappy.so.1 -> /usr/lib64/libsnappy.so.1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Jul 9 18:48 libsnappy.so.1.1.4 -> /usr/lib64/libsnappy.so.1.1.4
Building Hadoop in Snappy build
$ wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.2/hadoop-2.7.2-src.tar.gz $ tar -zxf hadoop-2.7.2-src.tar.gz
building Hadoop
mvn clean package -DskipTests -Pdist,native -Dtar -Dsnappy.lib=/usr/local/lib -Dbundle.snappy
building Hadoop Info
main:
[exec] $ tar cf hadoop-2.7.2.tar hadoop-2.7.2
[exec] $ gzip -f hadoop-2.7.2.tar
[exec]
[exec] Hadoop dist tar available at: /opt/hadoop-2.7.2-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz
[exec]
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-javadoc-plugin:2.8.1:jar (module-javadocs) @ hadoop-dist ---
[INFO] Building jar: /opt/hadoop-2.7.2-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-dist-2.7.2-javadoc.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Main ................................. SUCCESS [ 4.046 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Project POM .......................... SUCCESS [ 3.147 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Annotations .......................... SUCCESS [ 6.948 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Assemblies ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.382 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Project Dist POM ..................... SUCCESS [ 2.768 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Maven Plugins ........................ SUCCESS [ 4.699 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MiniKDC .............................. SUCCESS [ 5.243 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth ................................. SUCCESS [ 7.649 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth Examples ........................ SUCCESS [ 4.101 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Common ............................... SUCCESS [02:50 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop NFS .................................. SUCCESS [ 9.580 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop KMS .................................. SUCCESS [ 18.977 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Common Project ....................... SUCCESS [ 0.037 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS ................................. SUCCESS [04:24 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HttpFS ............................... SUCCESS [ 24.689 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS BookKeeper Journal .............. SUCCESS [ 8.890 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS-NFS ............................. SUCCESS [ 6.085 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS Project ......................... SUCCESS [ 0.684 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn ........................................ SUCCESS [ 0.209 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-api .................................... SUCCESS [02:27 min]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-common ................................. SUCCESS [ 48.704 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server ................................. SUCCESS [ 0.150 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-common .......................... SUCCESS [ 18.128 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager ..................... SUCCESS [ 28.898 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy ....................... SUCCESS [ 5.899 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice ....... SUCCESS [ 13.665 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager ................. SUCCESS [ 31.929 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-tests ........................... SUCCESS [ 8.038 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-client ................................. SUCCESS [ 12.032 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-sharedcachemanager .............. SUCCESS [ 4.674 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.056 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell .......... SUCCESS [ 3.816 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher ..... SUCCESS [ 2.328 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-site ................................... SUCCESS [ 0.029 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-registry ............................... SUCCESS [ 8.030 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-project ................................ SUCCESS [ 4.697 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client ............................ SUCCESS [ 0.101 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-core ....................... SUCCESS [ 38.677 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-common ..................... SUCCESS [ 25.883 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle .................... SUCCESS [ 6.625 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-app ........................ SUCCESS [ 15.826 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs ......................... SUCCESS [ 9.873 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient .................. SUCCESS [ 8.766 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins ................. SUCCESS [ 2.425 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Examples ................... SUCCESS [ 9.849 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce ................................... SUCCESS [ 3.369 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Streaming .................. SUCCESS [ 6.783 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Distributed Copy ..................... SUCCESS [ 12.602 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Archives ............................. SUCCESS [ 2.728 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Rumen ................................ SUCCESS [ 9.200 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Gridmix .............................. SUCCESS [ 6.542 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Data Join ............................ SUCCESS [ 5.351 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Ant Tasks ............................ SUCCESS [ 3.234 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Extras ............................... SUCCESS [ 4.533 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Pipes ................................ SUCCESS [ 9.475 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop OpenStack support .................... SUCCESS [ 6.788 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Amazon Web Services support .......... SUCCESS [09:42 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Azure support ........................ SUCCESS [ 41.264 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Client ............................... SUCCESS [ 14.762 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Mini-Cluster ......................... SUCCESS [ 0.065 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Scheduler Load Simulator ............. SUCCESS [ 6.579 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools Dist ........................... SUCCESS [ 16.842 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.026 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Distribution ......................... SUCCESS [ 45.423 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 29:44 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-07-10T00:28:58+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 148M/667M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hadoop Native checknative
# hadoop checknative -a 16/07/10 00:37:01 INFO bzip2.Bzip2Factory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-bzip2 library system-native 16/07/10 00:37:01 INFO zlib.ZlibFactory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-zlib library Native library checking: hadoop: true /opt/hadoop-2.7.2/lib/native/libhadoop.so.1.0.0 zlib: true /lib64/libz.so.1 snappy: true /opt/hadoop-2.7.2/lib/native/libsnappy.so.1 lz4: true revision:99 bzip2: true /lib64/libbz2.so.1 openssl: true /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so
Deploy hadoop 2.7.2
参考Hadoop部署安装文档。
[root@bigdata-server-1 cloud]# hadoop checknative -a 16/07/10 18:39:48 INFO bzip2.Bzip2Factory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-bzip2 library system-native 16/07/10 18:39:48 INFO zlib.ZlibFactory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-zlib library Native library checking: hadoop: true /opt/cloud/hadoop-2.7.2/lib/native/libhadoop.so.1.0.0 zlib: true /lib64/libz.so.1 snappy: true /opt/cloud/hadoop-2.7.2/lib/native/libsnappy.so.1 lz4: true revision:99 bzip2: true /lib64/libbz2.so.1 openssl: true /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so