[salt] jinja模板中变量使用pillar的几种方法

先转载下jinja模板中使用变量的方法，后文主要讲解pillar的变量使用方法

一、jinja模版的使用方法：

1、file状态使用template参数

- template:jinja

2、模版文件里面变量使用{{名称}}，例如{{PORT}}

变量使用Grains：{{ grains['fqdn_ip4'] }}

变量使用执行模块：{{ salt['network.hw_addr']('eth0') }}

变量使用Pillar：{{ pillar['apache']['PORT'] }}

3、变量列表

- defaults:
  PORT:8080

pillar的变量使用方法

二、master环境情况：

[root@master ~]# grep -Ev "#|^$" /etc/salt/master 
interface: 0.0.0.0
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
pillar_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base
  prod:
    - /srv/pillar/prod

自定义pillar数据

[root@master ~]# cat /srv/pillar/base/top.sls 
base:
  '*':
    - t
[root@master ~]# cat /srv/pillar/base/t.sls 
a1: a11
b1:
  b2: b22
  b3:
    b33: b333
    b333: b3333
c1:
  - c11
  - c111

检验pillar

[root@master ~]# salt host102 pillar.items
host102:
    ----------
    a1:
        a11
    b1:
        ----------
        b2:
            b22
        b3:
            ----------
            b33:
                b333
            b333:
                b3333
    c1:
        - c11
        - c111　

要同步的文件one

[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/init/one
a1:{{ a1 }}
b2:{{ b2 }}
b33:{{ b33 }}
b333:{{ b333 }}
c1: {{ c1 }}
c2: {{ c2 }}

　　

获取方式：
1.{{ pillar['name'] }}

[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/init/one.sls 
/tmp/one:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/one
    - template: jinja
    - defaults:
      a1: {{ pillar['a1'] }}
      b2: {{ pillar['b1']['b2'] }}
      b33: {{ pillar['b1']['b3']['b33'] }}
      b333: {{ pillar['b1']['b3']['b333'] }}
      c1: {{ pillar['c1'][0] }}
      c2: {{ pillar['c1'][1] }}

　　

2.{{ pillar.get() }} or {{ salt['pillar.get']() }}

官方说明

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/pillar/

个人实验及理解：{{ pillar.get() }}只适用于一级变量，{{ salt['pillar.get']() }}可以适用多级变量

It should be noted that within templating, the pillar variable is just a dictionary.
This means that calling pillar.get() inside of a template will just use the default dictionary .get() function
which does not include the extra : delimiter functionality. It must be called using the above syntax
(salt['pillar.get']('foo:bar:baz', 'qux')) to get the salt function, instead of the default dictionary behavior.

例1：说明{{ pillar.get() }}只适用于一级变量

[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/init/one.sls 
/tmp/one:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/one
    - template: jinja
    - defaults:
      a1: {{ pillar.get('a1') }}
      b2: {{pillar.get('b1:b2') }}
      # 这种方式返回None，pillar.get()并不能使用多级变量
      b33: {{ salt['pillar.get']('b1:b3:b33') }}
      b333: {{ salt['pillar.get']('b1:b3:b333') }}
      c1: {{ pillar.get('c1')[0] }}
      c2: {{ salt['pillar.get']('c1')[1] }}
[root@master ~]# salt host102 state.sls init.one test=true
host102:
----------
          ID: /tmp/one
    Function: file.managed
      Result: None
     Comment: The file /tmp/one is set to be changed
     Started: 10:31:00.913548
    Duration: 8.761 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              diff:
                  ---  
                  +++  
                  @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
                   a1:a11
                  -b2:b22
                  +b2:None
                   b33:b333
                   b333:b3333
                   c1: c11

Summary
------------
Succeeded: 1 (unchanged=1, changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     1

例2：顺便看下默认值的问题

[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/init/one.sls 
/tmp/one:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/one
    - template: jinja
    - defaults:
      a1: {{ pillar.get('a11',{}) }}
      b2: {{ salt['pillar.get']('b1:b22','') }}
      b33: {{ salt['pillar.get']('b1:b3:b33') }}
      b333: {{ salt['pillar.get']('b1:b3:b333') }}
      c1: {{ pillar.get('c1')[0] }}
      c2: {{ salt['pillar.get']('c1')[1] }}
[root@master ~]# salt host102 state.sls init.one test=true
host102:
----------
          ID: /tmp/one
    Function: file.managed
      Result: None
     Comment: The file /tmp/one is set to be changed
     Started: 10:34:22.505086
    Duration: 9.101 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              diff:
                  ---  
                  +++  
                  @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
                  -a1:a11
                  -b2:b22
                  +a1:{}
                  +b2:None
                   b33:b333
                   b333:b3333
                   c1: c11

Summary
------------
Succeeded: 1 (unchanged=1, changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     1

{{ pillar.get('name','') }}不存在name键时，值为None

{{ pillar.get('name',{}) }}不存在name键时，值为{}

{{ salt['pillar.get']('name') }}同理，网上看到一篇博客说''与{}是一样的。

官方找到的例子

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/tutorials/pillar.html

{% for user, uid in pillar.get('users', {}).items() %} 

可惜并没有''的例子，倒是有{{ salt['pillar.get']('pkgs:apache', 'httpd') }}

例3：多个变量for循环用法，关于iteritems与items的区别，那是python的问题，请自行搜索，现在还不熟悉python。

{% for user, args in pillar['users'].iteritems() %}

{% for user, args in pillar['users'].items() %}