中小型网站搭建-数据实时的复制-inotify/sersync
inotify是一种强大的，细粒度的、异步的文件系统事件监控机制（软件），linux内核从2.6.13起，加入inotify支持，通过inotify可以监控文件系统中添加、删除、修改、移动等各种事件。
1. backup部署rsync服务端 /nfsbackup目录
# mkdir -p /nfsbackup/
# mkdir -p /backup/
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M rsync
# chown -R rsync.rsync /backup
# chown -R rsync.rsync /nfsbackup
# ll -d /backup/ /nfsbackup/
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jun 5 22:21 /backup/
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jun 5 22:18 /nfsbackup/
# echo 'rsync_backup:123456' >/etc/rsync.password
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/rsync.password
rsync_backup:123456
# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
# ll /etc/rsync.password
-rw------- 1 root root 20 Jun 5 22:30 /etc/rsync.password
# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
######rsync_config_______________start
#created by hkping 15:01 2018-5-27
uid = rsync
gid = rsync
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 300
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
hosts allow = 172.16.1.0/24
#hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
[backup]
path = /backup/
[nfsbackup]
path = /nfsbackup/
# rsync --daemon
# echo 'rsync --daemon' >> /etc/rc.local
# ps -ef|grep rsync
root 1481 1 0 22:15 ? 00:00:00 rsync --daemon
root 1484 1374 0 22:17 pts/0 00:00:00 grep rsync
2. 客户端nfs01配置，并测试nfs01推送数据rsync
# echo '123456' > /etc/rsync.password
# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::nfsbackup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
sent 26 bytes received 8 bytes 68.00 bytes/sec
total size is 310 speedup is 9.12
3. 安装epel源，nfs01配置inotify，安装inotify-tools
# yum install epel-release -y 一般之前优化已经有了epel源（可不做）
关键参数说明
# ls -l /proc/sys/fs/inotify/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 5 22:47 max_queued_events 可容纳的事件数量
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 5 22:47 max_user_instances 可运行的进程数
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 5 22:47 max_user_watches 可监视文件数量
# yum install inotify-tools -y
# rpm -ql inotify-tools
/usr/bin/inotifywait
/usr/bin/inotifywatch
一共安装了2个工具（命令），即inotifywait和inotifywatch
inotifywait（常用） 在被监控的文件或目录上等待特定文件系统事件（open、close，delete等）发生，执行后处于阻塞状态，适合在shell脚本中使用。
inotifywatch 收集被监视的文件系统使用度统计数据，指文件系统事件发生的次数统计。
-r 递归查询目录
-q 打印很少的信息，仅仅打印监控事件的信息
-m 始终保持事件监听状态
--timefmt 指定时间输出的格式
--format 打印使用指定的输出类似格式字符串
-e 指定要监视的事件列表
4. 测试监控，复制nfs01窗口测试
# inotifywait -mrq /data/ --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format "%T %w%f" -e create 创建
# inotifywait -mrq /data/ --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format "%T %w%f" -e delete 删除
# inotifywait -mrq /data/ --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format "%T %w%f" -e close_write 文件内容是否修改
# inotifywait -mrq /data/ --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format "%T %w%f" -e moved_to 重命名
5. 在nfs01,写监控脚本，运行监控脚本
# mkdir -p /server/scripts
# vim jiankong.sh
#!/bin/bash
#desc: watch /data dir && rsync to backup
inotifywait -mrq /data/ --format "%w%f" -e create,modify,close_write,moved_to|while read line
do
rsync -az /data/ rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::nfsbackup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
done
# sh /server/scripts/jiankong.sh
# /bin/sh /server/scripts/jiankong.sh & 把监控脚本放在后台运行
# ps -ef|grep jiankong
root 2088 1736 0 22:14 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /server/scripts/jiankong.sh
root 2090 2088 0 22:14 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /server/scripts/jiankong.sh
6. 同步测试文件
# touch /data/oldboy{01..10}.txt
# ll /nfsbackup/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 310 Jun 5 20:14 hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy01.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy02.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy03.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy04.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy05.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy06.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy07.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy08.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy09.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jun 6 21:26 oldboy10.txt
总结：inotify优缺点：
inotify优点：监控文件系统事件变化，通过同步工具实现实时数据同步。
inotify缺点：
1）并发如果大于200个文件（10-100K），同步就会有延迟。
2）我们前面写的脚本，每次都是全部推送一次，但确实是增量的。
3）监控到事件后，调用rsync同步是单进程的，sersync多进程同步。既然有了inoitfy-tools，为什么还要开发sersync？
sersync功能多：（inotify+rsync命令）
1）支持通过配置文件管理
2）真正的守护进程socket
3）可以对失败文件定时重传（定时任务功能）
4）第三方的HTTP接口（例如：更新cdn缓存）
5）默认多线程rsync同步
建议：
(1)当同步的目录数据量不大时，建议使用rsync+inotify
(2)当同步的目录数据量很大时（几百G甚至1T以上）文件很多时，建议使用rsync+sersync
安装sersync软件
[root@nfs01 /]# mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
[root@nfs01 /]# cd /home/oldboy/tools
[root@nfs01 tools]# rpm -qa lrzsz
lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64
[root@nfs01 tools]# rz -E 上传文件sersync_installdir_64bit.zip
rz waiting to receive.
[root@nfs01 tools]# ll
total 692
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 708025 Jun 6 22:20 sersync_installdir_64bit.zip
[root@nfs01 tools]# unzip sersync_installdir_64bit.zip
Archive: sersync_installdir_64bit.zip
creating: sersync_installdir_64bit/
creating: sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/
creating: sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/bin/
inflating: sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/bin/sersync
creating: sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/conf/
inflating: sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/conf/confxml.xml
creating: sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/logs/
[root@nfs01 tools]# mv sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/ /usr/local/
[root@nfs01 tools]# ll /usr/local/sersync/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 2012 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 2012 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 2012 logs
[root@nfs01 tools]# ll /usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1810128 Oct 26 2011 /usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync
[root@nfs01 tools]# chmod +x /usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync
[root@nfs01 tools]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::nfsbackup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
hosts
sent 188 bytes received 27 bytes 143.33 bytes/sec
total size is 310 speedup is 1.44
[root@nfs01 tools]# ln -s /usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync /usr/local/bin/ 创建软连接，以后可以直接使用sersync命令
[root@nfs01 tools]# sersync -h
set the system param
execute：echo 50000000 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches
execute：echo 327679 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_queued_events
parse the command param
_______________________________________________________
参数-d:启用守护进程模式
参数-r:在监控前，将监控目录与远程主机用rsync命令推送一遍
c参数-n: 指定开启守护线程的数量，默认为10个
参数-o:指定配置文件，默认使用confxml.xml文件
参数-m:单独启用其他模块，使用 -m refreshCDN 开启刷新CDN模块
参数-m:单独启用其他模块，使用 -m socket 开启socket模块
参数-m:单独启用其他模块，使用 -m http 开启http模块
不加-m参数，则默认执行同步程序
[root@nfs01 conf]# cd /usr/local/sersync/conf
[root@nfs01 conf]# cp confxml.xml confxml.xml.ori
[root@nfs01 conf]# vim confxml.xml
:set nu 显示行号
[root@nfs01 conf]# diff confxml.xml confxml.xml.ori 比较修改后和修改前配置文件的不同
24,25c24,25 要改配置文件的行号
< <localpath watch="/data">
< <remote ip="172.16.1.41" name="nfsbackup"/>
---
> <localpath watch="/opt/tongbu">
> <remote ip="127.0.0.1" name="tongbu1"/>
30,31c30,31 要改配置文件的行号
< <commonParams params="-artuz --delete"/>
< <auth start="true" users="rsync_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.password"/>
---
> <commonParams params="-artuz"/>
> <auth start="false" users="root" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.pas"/>
36c36
< <failLog path="/var/log/rsync_fail.log" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->
---
> <failLog path="/tmp/rsync_fail_log.sh" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->
[root@nfs01 conf]# cat confxml.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<head version="2.5">
<host hostip="localhost" port="8008"></host>
<debug start="false"/>
<fileSystem xfs="false"/>
<filter start="false">
<exclude expression="(.*).svn"></exclude>
<exclude expression="(.*).gz"></exclude>
<exclude expression="^info/*"></exclude>
<exclude expression="^static/*"></exclude>
</filter>
<inotify>
<delete start="true"/>
<createFolder start="true"/>
<createFile start="false"/>
<closeWrite start="true"/>
<moveFrom start="true"/>
<moveTo start="true"/>
<attrib start="false"/>
<modify start="false"/>
</inotify>
<sersync>
<localpath watch="/data">
<remote ip="172.16.1.41" name="nfsbackup"/>
<!--<remote ip="192.168.8.39" name="tongbu"/>-->
<!--<remote ip="192.168.8.40" name="tongbu"/>-->
</localpath>
<rsync>
<commonParams params="-artuz --delete"/>
<auth start="true" users="rsynz_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.password"/>
<userDefinedPort start="false" port="874"/><!-- port=874 -->
<timeout start="false" time="100"/><!-- timeout=100 -->
<ssh start="false"/>
</rsync>
<failLog path="/var/log/rsync_fail.log" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->
<crontab start="false" schedule="600"><!--600mins-->
<crontabfilter start="false">
<exclude expression="*.php"></exclude>
<exclude expression="info/*"></exclude>
</crontabfilter>
</crontab>
<plugin start="false" name="command"/>
</sersync>
<plugin name="command">
<param prefix="/bin/sh" suffix="" ignoreError="true"/> <!--prefix /opt/tongbu/mmm.sh suffix-->
<filter start="false">
<include expression="(.*).php"/>
<include expression="(.*).sh"/>
</filter>
</plugin>
<plugin name="socket">
<localpath watch="/opt/tongbu">
<deshost ip="192.168.138.20" port="8009"/>
</localpath>
</plugin>
<plugin name="refreshCDN">
<localpath watch="/data0/htdocs/cms.xoyo.com/site/">
<cdninfo domainname="ccms.chinacache.com" port="80" username="xxxx" passwd="xxxx"/>
<sendurl base="http://pic.xoyo.com/cms"/>
<regexurl regex="false" match="cms.xoyo.com/site([/a-zA-Z0-9]*).xoyo.com/images"/>
</localpath>
</plugin>
</head>
[root@nfs01 conf]# sersync -dro /usr/local/sersync/conf/confxml.xml
set the system param
execute：echo 50000000 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches
execute：echo 327679 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_queued_events
parse the command param
option: -d run as a daemon
option: -r rsync all the local files to the remote servers before the sersync work
option: -o config xml name： /usr/local/sersync/conf/confxml.xml
daemon thread num: 10
parse xml config file
host ip : localhost host port: 8008
daemon start，sersync run behind the console
use rsync password-file :
user is rsynz_backup
passwordfile is /etc/rsync.password
config xml parse success
please set /etc/rsyncd.conf max connections=0 Manually
sersync working thread 12 = 1(primary thread) + 1(fail retry thread) + 10(daemon sub threads)
Max threads numbers is: 22 = 12(Thread pool nums) + 10(Sub threads)
please according your cpu ，use -n param to adjust the cpu rate
------------------------------------------
rsync the directory recursivly to the remote servers once
working please wait...
execute command: cd /data && rsync -artuz --delete -R --delete ./ rsynz_backup@172.16.1.41::nfsbackup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password >/dev/null 2>&1
run the sersync:
watch path is: /data 表示成功运行
测试nfs01 /data目录下增删文件，是否同步到backup /nfsbackup目录