redis实现发布(订阅)消息
什么是redis的发布订阅(pub/sub)? Pub/Sub功能(means Publish, Subscribe)即发布及订阅功能。基于事件的系统中,Pub/Sub是目前广泛使用的通信模型,它采用事件作为基本的通信机制,提供大规模系统所要求的松散耦合的交互模式:订阅者(如客户端)以事件订阅的方式表达出它有兴趣接收的一个事件或一类事件;发布者(如服务器)可将订阅者感兴趣的事件随时通知相关订阅者。熟悉设计模式的朋友应该了解这与23种设计模式中的观察者模式极为相似。
看到发布订阅的特性,用来做一个简单的实时聊天系统再适合不过了。这是其中之一,当然这样的东西,我们开发中很少涉及到。再举一个常用的,在我们的分布式架构中,常常会遇到读写分离的场景,在写入的过程中,就可以使用redis发布订阅,使得写入值及时发布到各个读的程序中,就保证数据的完整一致性。再比如,在一个博客网站中,有100个粉丝订阅了你,当你发布新文章,就可以推送消息给粉丝们拉。总之场景很多,需要去挖掘。。
Redis的pub/sub是一种消息通信模式,主要的目的是解除消息发布者和消息订阅者之间的耦合, Redis作为一个pub/sub的server, 在订阅者和发布者之间起到了消息路由的功能。
Redis 发布订阅(pub/sub)是一种消息通信模式:发送者(pub)发送消息,订阅者(sub)接收消息。
Redis 客户端可以订阅任意数量的频道。
当有新消息通过 PUBLISH 命令发送给频道 channel1 时, 这个消息就会被发送给订阅它的所有客户端。
// *************************************************************************** } // // Delphi REDIS Client // // Copyright (c) 2015-2017 Daniele Teti // // https://github.com/danieleteti/delphiredisclient // // *************************************************************************** // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. // // *************************************************************************** unit MainForm; interface uses Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics, Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, redis.client, redis.commons, redis.netlib.indy, System.threading, Vcl.StdCtrls; type TForm2 = class(TForm) Memo1: TMemo; Edit2: TEdit; Label1: TLabel; Button1: TButton; procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); procedure Edit2KeyUp(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState); procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); private _redis: IRedisClient; FTask: ITask; FClosing: Boolean; procedure SendChatMessage; procedure OnMessage(const ANickName, AMessage: string); { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var Form2: TForm2; implementation uses System.json, ShellAPI; {$R *.dfm} procedure TForm2.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ShellExecute(0, pchar('open'), pchar(Application.ExeName), nil, nil, SW_SHOW); end; procedure TForm2.Edit2KeyUp(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState); begin if Key = VK_RETURN then begin SendChatMessage; Key := 0; Edit2.Clear; end; end; procedure TForm2.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); begin FClosing := True; end; procedure TForm2.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); begin FClosing := False; Label1.Caption := InputBox('Chat user name', 'What is your user name in this chat?', 'd.teti' + (100 + Random(999)) .ToString); _redis := NewRedisClient(); FTask := TTask.Run( procedure var r: IRedisClient; begin r := NewRedisClient; r.SUBSCRIBE(['chat'], procedure(channel, message: string) var jobj: TJSONObject; msg, nickname: string; begin jobj := TJSONObject.ParseJSONValue(message) as TJSONObject; nickname := jobj.GetValue<TJSONString>('nickname').Value; msg := jobj.GetValue<TJSONString>('message').Value; TThread.Synchronize(nil, procedure begin Self.OnMessage(nickname, msg); end); end, function: Boolean begin Result := Assigned(Self) and (not FClosing); end); end); end; procedure TForm2.OnMessage(const ANickName, AMessage: string); begin Memo1.Lines.Add('[' + ANickName + '] ' + DateTimeToStr(now)); Memo1.Lines.Add(AMessage); Memo1.Lines.Add('---'); end; procedure TForm2.SendChatMessage; var jobj: TJSONObject; begin jobj := TJSONObject.Create; try jobj.AddPair('nickname', Label1.Caption).AddPair('message', Edit2.Text); _redis.PUBLISH('chat', jobj.ToString); finally jobj.Free; end; end; end.