Java任务调度

1.Timer

package com.qhong;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        long delay1 = 1 * 1000;
        long period1 = 1000;
        // 从现在开始 1 秒钟之后，每隔 1 秒钟执行一次 job1
        timer.schedule(new TimerTest("job1" +DateUtils.format(new Date(),"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")), delay1, period1);
        long delay2 = 2 * 1000;
        long period2 = 2000;
        // 从现在开始 2 秒钟之后，每隔 2 秒钟执行一次 job2
        timer.schedule(new TimerTest("job2"), delay2, period2);
    }
}

class TimerTest extends TimerTask {
    private String jobName = "";
    public TimerTest(String jobName) {
        super();
        this.jobName = jobName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("execute " + jobName);
    }
}

class DateUtils {
    /** 时间格式(yyyy-MM-dd) */
    public final static String DATE_PATTERN = "yyyy-MM-dd";
    /** 时间格式(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss) */
    public final static String DATE_TIME_PATTERN = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

    public static String format(Date date) {
        return format(date, DATE_PATTERN);
    }

    public static String format(Date date, String pattern) {
        if(date != null){
            SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
            return df.format(date);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job2
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job2
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job2
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job2
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45
execute job12017-03-10 19:48:45

Timer 的优点在于简单易用，但由于所有任务都是由同一个线程来调度，因此所有任务都是串行执行的，同一时间只能有一个任务在执行，前一个任务的延迟或异常都将会影响到之后的任务。

ScheduledExecutor

package com.qhong;

import java.util.Date;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;


public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);

        long initialDelay1 = 1;
        long period1 = 1;
        // 从现在开始1秒钟之后，每隔1秒钟执行一次job1
        service.scheduleAtFixedRate(
                new ScheduledExecutorTest("job1"), initialDelay1,
                period1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        long initialDelay2 = 2;
        long delay2 = 2;
        // 从现在开始2秒钟之后，每隔2秒钟执行一次job2
        service.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
                new ScheduledExecutorTest("job2"), initialDelay2,
                delay2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

class ScheduledExecutorTest implements Runnable {
    private String jobName = "";

    public ScheduledExecutorTest(String jobName) {
        super();
        this.jobName = jobName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("execute "+ DateUtils.format(new Date(),"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") + jobName);
    }
}

class DateUtils {
    /** 时间格式(yyyy-MM-dd) */
    public final static String DATE_PATTERN = "yyyy-MM-dd";
    /** 时间格式(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss) */
    public final static String DATE_TIME_PATTERN = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

    public static String format(Date date) {
        return format(date, DATE_PATTERN);
    }

    public static String format(Date date, String pattern) {
        if(date != null){
            SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
            return df.format(date);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

execute 2017-03-10 20:03:53job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:54job2
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:54job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:55job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:56job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:56job2
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:57job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:58job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:58job2
execute 2017-03-10 20:03:59job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:04:00job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:04:00job2
execute 2017-03-10 20:04:01job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:04:02job1
execute 2017-03-10 20:04:02job2

展示了 ScheduledExecutorService 中两种最常用的调度方法 ScheduleAtFixedRate 和 ScheduleWithFixedDelay。

ScheduleAtFixedRate 每次执行时间为上一次任务开始起向后推一个时间间隔，即每次执行时间为 :initialDelay, initialDelay+period, initialDelay+2*period, …；

ScheduleWithFixedDelay 每次执行时间为上一次任务结束起向后推一个时间间隔，即每次执行时间为：initialDelay, initialDelay+executeTime+delay, initialDelay+2*executeTime+2*delay。

由此可见，ScheduleAtFixedRate 是基于固定时间间隔进行任务调度，ScheduleWithFixedDelay 取决于每次任务执行的时间长短，是基于不固定时间间隔进行任务调度。

用 ScheduledExecutor 和 Calendar 实现复杂任务调度

package com.qhong;

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;


public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExceutorTest2 test = new ScheduledExceutorTest2("job1");
        //获取当前时间
        Calendar currentDate = Calendar.getInstance();
        long currentDateLong = currentDate.getTime().getTime();
        System.out.println("Current Date = " + currentDate.getTime().toString());
        //计算满足条件的最近一次执行时间
        Calendar earliestDate = test
                .getEarliestDate(currentDate, 3, 16, 38, 10);
        long earliestDateLong = earliestDate.getTime().getTime();
        System.out.println("Earliest Date = "
                + earliestDate.getTime().toString());
        //计算从当前时间到最近一次执行时间的时间间隔
        long delay = earliestDateLong - currentDateLong;
        //计算执行周期为一星期
        long period = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
        ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
        //从现在开始delay毫秒之后，每隔一星期执行一次job1
        service.scheduleAtFixedRate(test, delay, period,
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
}

class ScheduledExceutorTest2 extends TimerTask {

    private String jobName = "";

    public ScheduledExceutorTest2(String jobName) {
        super();
        this.jobName = jobName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Date = "+new Date()+", execute " + jobName);
    }

    /**
     * 计算从当前时间currentDate开始，满足条件dayOfWeek, hourOfDay,
     * minuteOfHour, secondOfMinite的最近时间
     * @return
     */
    public Calendar getEarliestDate(Calendar currentDate, int dayOfWeek,
                                    int hourOfDay, int minuteOfHour, int secondOfMinite) {
        //计算当前时间的WEEK_OF_YEAR,DAY_OF_WEEK, HOUR_OF_DAY, MINUTE,SECOND等各个字段值
        int currentWeekOfYear = currentDate.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR);
        int currentDayOfWeek = currentDate.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
        int currentHour = currentDate.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
        int currentMinute = currentDate.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
        int currentSecond = currentDate.get(Calendar.SECOND);

        //如果输入条件中的dayOfWeek小于当前日期的dayOfWeek,则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
        boolean weekLater = false;
        if (dayOfWeek < currentDayOfWeek) {
            weekLater = true;
        } else if (dayOfWeek == currentDayOfWeek) {
            //当输入条件与当前日期的dayOfWeek相等时，如果输入条件中的
            //hourOfDay小于当前日期的
            //currentHour，则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
            if (hourOfDay < currentHour) {
                weekLater = true;
            } else if (hourOfDay == currentHour) {
                //当输入条件与当前日期的dayOfWeek, hourOfDay相等时，
                //如果输入条件中的minuteOfHour小于当前日期的
                //currentMinute，则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
                if (minuteOfHour < currentMinute) {
                    weekLater = true;
                } else if (minuteOfHour == currentSecond) {
                    //当输入条件与当前日期的dayOfWeek, hourOfDay，
                    //minuteOfHour相等时，如果输入条件中的
                    //secondOfMinite小于当前日期的currentSecond，
                    //则WEEK_OF_YEAR需要推迟一周
                    if (secondOfMinite < currentSecond) {
                        weekLater = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (weekLater) {
            //设置当前日期中的WEEK_OF_YEAR为当前周推迟一周
            currentDate.set(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR, currentWeekOfYear + 1);
        }
        // 设置当前日期中的DAY_OF_WEEK,HOUR_OF_DAY,MINUTE,SECOND为输入条件中的值。
        currentDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, dayOfWeek);
        currentDate.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hourOfDay);
        currentDate.set(Calendar.MINUTE, minuteOfHour);
        currentDate.set(Calendar.SECOND, secondOfMinite);
        return currentDate;

    }
}

Current Date = Fri Mar 10 20:40:46 CST 2017
Earliest Date = Tue Mar 14 16:38:10 CST 2017

Quartz:

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-taskschedule/