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  • centos7操作

    一、安装系统

      1、下载(Minimal ISO)http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso

      2、使用vmware进行安装(略)

      3、查看系统版本:cat /etc/redhat-release

    二、基本配置

      1、网络配置

        a、网卡配置文件目录:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

        b、安装ifconfig:yum install net-tools

        c、查看网卡信息:ifconfig , ip address,ip -s link ,ip link

      2、安装wget

        yum install wget

      3、配置yum源:http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html

        a、首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo:mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

        b、进入目录:cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

        c、下载文件:wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

        d、运行命令生成缓存:yum clean all,yum makecache

      4、安装vim:yum install -y vim

      5、安装ssh服务(默认已经安装,如果系统为桌面版,需要手动安装)

        yum install openssh-server

        systemctl start sshd.service

        systemctl enable sshd.service

        yum install openssh-clients(客户端)

      6、ssh客户端连接服务端:ssh user@host_ip

        a、通过host连接服务端

          cd ~/.ssh

          vim config

            host "205"
               HostName 192.168.8.205
               User root
               Port 22
            host "205_1"
               HostName 192.168.8.205
               User root
               Port 22

          连接:ssh 205  或 ssh 205_1都可以连接到192.168.8.205

        b、密钥连接

          客户端生成密钥文件

          cd ~/.ssh

          ssh-keygen(生成私钥和公钥)

          将生成的密钥中公钥字符串写入被管理服务器 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中(ssh-copy-id user@host_ip)

          登录:ssh user@host_ip

        c、xshell密钥连接

          工具--》用户密钥管理者--》生成

          将生成的密钥中公钥字符串写入被管理服务器 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中,然后xshell连接时选择Public key

      7、修改ssh默认端口:vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config    取消注释  #Port 22,改成想设置成的端口号,可以同时监听多个端口

    三、常用命令    

      软件包管理器

    清除未安装完任务

    yum -y install yum-utils

     yum clean all

    yum-complete-transaction

    yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only

        安装软件:yum install XXX

        卸载软件:yum remove XXX

        搜索软件:yum serach XXX

        清理缓存:yum clean packages

        列出已安装:yum list

        软件包信息:yum info XXX

      硬件资源

        内存:free -m

        硬盘:df -h

        负载:w/top

        cpu:cat /proc/cpuinfo

        磁盘格式化:fdisk

      linux文件目录结构

        根目录/     家目录/home     临时目录 /tmp     配置目录/etc     用户程序目录/usr

      vim

        gg行首

        G行尾

        dd删除行

        u撤销

        yy复制行

        p粘贴

      从文件尾部开始读tail  从文件头部读head  读取整个文件cat  分页读取more  可控分页less  搜索关键字grep  查找文件find  统计个数wc

      find

        find path -name 文件名,find path -type 文件类型(d 目录,f 文件),find path -size   ,find . -ctime -20 (20天内有修改的),find . -type f -name "imooc" -exec rm {}

      tar 

        (-c: 建立压缩档案,-x:解压,-t:查看内容,-r:向压缩归档文件末尾追加文件,-u:更新原压缩包中的文件)

        (-z:有gzip属性的,-j:有bz2属性的,-Z:有compress属性的)

        (-v:显示所有过程)

        (-f:使用档案名字,切记,这个参数是最后一个参数,后面只能接档案名)

      用户操作

        useradd username 添加用户

        passwd username 设置密码

        userdel -r(删除/home目录下的家目录) username

      firewall

        yum install firewall 安装

        systemctl status firewalld 查看状态

        systemctl start/stop firewalld  启动或关闭

        systemctl enable/disable firewalld 开机启动设置

        systemctl list-unit-files |grep firewalld 查看是否开机启动

        firewall-cmd --state

        firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent    (--permanent永久生效,没有此参数重启后失效)

      visodu

        # %wheel        ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

        %username  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

      文件上传

        scp filename username@host_ip:dir  (filename是本地文件,username是目标服务器用户,host_ip是目标服务器ip,dir是目标服务器目录)

      文件下载

        scp username@host_ip:dir/filename dir(本地目录)

      xshell文件传输:服务器上安装 yum install lrzsz,rz客户端到服务器,sz filename服务器到客户机

      

    四、服务部署

      1、apache

        yum install httpd

        配置虚拟主机/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:   

          <VirtualHost *:8080>
                  ServerName www.hg.com
                  DocumentRoot /data/www
                  <Directory "/data/www">
                          Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
                          AllowOverride None
                          Require all granted
                  </Directory>
          </VirtualHost>
        伪静态/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
          <VirtualHost *:8080>
                  ServerName www.hg.com
                  DocumentRoot /data/www
                  <Directory "/data/www">
                          Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
                          AllowOverride None
                          Require all granted
                          <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
                                  RewriteEngine On
                                  RewriteRule ^(.*).htmp$ index.html
                          </IfModule>
                  </Directory>
          </VirtualHost>
          
          LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
     
      2、nginx
        http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#stable
    Pre-Built Packages for Stable version
    To set up the yum repository for RHEL/CentOS, create the file named /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo with the following contents:
    
    [nginx]
    name=nginx repo
    baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1
    
    Replace “OS” with “rhel” or “centos”, depending on the distribution used, and “OSRELEASE” with “6” or “7”, for 6.x or 7.x versions, respectively.

        yum install nginx

        配置/etc/nginx/conf.d/xxx.conf  

    server {
        listen       80;
        listen 9999;
        server_name  www.hg.com;
    
    
        location / {
            root   /data/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
    }

        伪静态

    server {
        listen 80;
        listen 9999;
        server_name  www.hg.com www.hg1.com;
        root /data/www;
        index index.html index.htm;
        location / {
        rewrite ^(.*).htmp$ /index.html;
        }
    }

         日志配置/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5893499.html

    http {
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    }

        负载均衡

    upstream server_host{
        server 192.168.8.205:80 weight=2;
        server 192.168.8.205:9999;
        server 192.168.8.205:8888;
    }
    
    
    server {
        listen 8888;
        server_name www.hg205.com;
        root /data/www;
        index index.html index.htm;
        location / {
        #rewrite ^(.*).htmp$ /index.html;
        #proxy_set_header Host www.baidu.com;
        #proxy_pass http://server_host;
        }
    }
    
    server {
        listen 9999;
        server_name  192.168.8.205;
        root /data/www1;
        index index.html index.htm;
        location / {
            #rewrite ^(.*).htmp$ /index.html;
            #proxy_set_header Host www.baidu.com;
            #proxy_pass http://server_host;
        }
    }
    
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  www.hg205.com;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://server_host;
        }
    }

       3、mysql 官方安装文档:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html

        centos7黙认安装了MariaDB,卸载:yum remove

        cd /tmp  wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm

        sudo yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm(执行后,/etc/yum.repos.d目录下会有mysql-community.repo)

        查看版本状态:yum repolist all | grep mysql (黙认安装mysql8,无需进行下面的设置)

          shell> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
          shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community

        安装:sudo yum install mysql-community-server

        查看root默认密码:sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

        登录:shell> mysql -uroot -p

        修改密码:mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

        远程登录:mysql>use mysql,select * from user G;,select host,user from user;,update user set host="%" where user="root";flush privileges;

        防火墙开放mysql:sudo firewall-cmd --add-service="mysql" --permanent,sudo firewall-cmd --reload

        开启日志记录:mysql>set global general_log_file="/tmp/mysql_general.log",  set global general_log=on;

        忘记root密码:修改/etc/my.conf,插入skip-grant-tables,update user set authentication_string = password("123456") where user="root"

      4、memcached

        yum install memcached

      5、redis

        wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz(链接可以去官网复制)

        tar -xzvf redis-5.0.3.tar.gz

        mv redis-5.0.3 /usr/local/
        cd /usr/local/redis-5.0.3

        make

        配置成systemctl服务

          cd /usr/lib/systemd/system

          vim redis.service   

    [Unit]
    Description=Redis
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-5.0.3/redis.conf  --daemonize no
    ExecSop=/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/src/redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 shutdown
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

          刷新配置  systemctl daemon-reload

          启动服务  systemctl start redis

          停止服务  systemctl stop redis

          开机启动  systemctl enable redis

        redis.conf配置(/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/redis.conf)

          daemonize yes

          protected-mode no

      6、git

      yum install git

      7、php

      8、java

      9、python

      10、服务管理

        crontab定时任务

        ntp

          yum install ntp

          natdate cn.pool.ntp.org

        logrotate

        supervisor

          pip install supervisor

          mkdir /etc/supervisor

          su root

          echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisor/supervisor.conf

      11、zabbix

        

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hougang/p/centos7.html
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