apue.h头文件（UNIX环境高级编程）

　　在看UNIX环境高级编程是，碰到一个头文件"apue.h"，搜一下别人的帖子，其实apue.h是作者自己写的一个文件，包含了常用的头文件，系统不自带。其中包含了常用的头文件，以及出错处理函数的定义。使用起来确实很方便。

apue.h内容如下： 

#ifndef _APUE_H
#define _APUE_H

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE   600  /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */

#include <sys/types.h>       /* some systems still require this */
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/termios.h>     /* for winsize */
#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>     /* for convenience */
#include <stdlib.h>    /* for convenience */
#include <stddef.h>    /* for offsetof */
#include <string.h>    /* for convenience */
#include <unistd.h>    /* for convenience */
#include <signal.h>    /* for SIG_ERR */


#define MAXLINE 4096               /* max line length */

/*
 * Default file access permissions for new files.
 */
#define FILE_MODE   (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)

/*
 * Default permissions for new directories.
 */
#define DIR_MODE    (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)

typedef void   Sigfunc(int);   /* for signal handlers */

#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)
#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)
#endif

#define min(a,b)     ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define max(a,b)     ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))

/*
 * Prototypes for our own functions.
 */
char    *path_alloc(int *);              /* Figure 2.15 */
long     open_max(void);                 /* Figure 2.16 */
void     clr_fl(int, int);               /* Figure 3.11 */
void     set_fl(int, int);               /* Figure 3.11 */
void     pr_exit(int);                   /* Figure 8.5 */
void     pr_mask(const char *);          /* Figure 10.14 */
Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *);    /* Figure 10.19 */

int      tty_cbreak(int);                /* Figure 18.20 */
int      tty_raw(int);                   /* Figure 18.20 */
int      tty_reset(int);                 /* Figure 18.20 */
void     tty_atexit(void);               /* Figure 18.20 */
#ifdef  ECHO    /* only if <termios.h>  has been included */
struct termios  *tty_termios(void);      /* Figure 18.20 */
#endif

void     sleep_us(unsigned int);             /* Exercise 14.6 */
ssize_t  readn(int, void *, size_t);         /* Figure 14.29 */
ssize_t  writen(int, const void *, size_t);  /* Figure 14.29 */
void     daemonize(const char *);            /* Figure 13.1 */

int      s_pipe(int *);                 /* Figures 17.6 and 17.13 */
int      recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,
                 const void *, size_t));/* Figures 17.21 and 17.23 */
int      send_fd(int, int);             /* Figures 17.20 and 17.22 */
int      send_err(int, int,
                  const char *);        /* Figure 17.19 */
int      serv_listen(const char *);     /* Figures 17.10 and 17.15 */
int      serv_accept(int, uid_t *);     /* Figures 17.11 and 17.16 */

int      cli_conn(const char *);        /* Figures 17.12 and 17.17 */
int      buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,
                  char **));            /* Figure 17.32 */

int      ptym_open(char *, int);    /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */
int      ptys_open(char *);         /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */
#ifdef  TIOCGWINSZ
pid_t    pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,
                  const struct winsize *);      /* Figure 19.11 */
#endif

int     lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.5 */
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len)
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len)
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len)
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len)
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len)
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

pid_t   lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t);     /* Figure 14.6 */

#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len)
            (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)
#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len)
            (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)

void    err_dump(const char *, ...);        /* Appendix B */
void    err_msg(const char *, ...);
void    err_quit(const char *, ...);
void    err_exit(int, const char *, ...);
void    err_ret(const char *, ...);
void    err_sys(const char *, ...);

void    log_msg(const char *, ...);         /* Appendix B */
void    log_open(const char *, int, int);
void    log_quit(const char *, ...);
void    log_ret(const char *, ...);
void    log_sys(const char *, ...);

void    TELL_WAIT(void);        /* parent/child from Section 8.9 */
void    TELL_PARENT(pid_t);
void    TELL_CHILD(pid_t);
void    WAIT_PARENT(void);
void    WAIT_CHILD(void);

#endif  /* _APUE_H */

  想要使用，还要进行下面操作，完成相关配置.

  在http://www.apuebook.com/下载src.tar.gz源代码的压缩包。

   1、解压至/home/user/目录下

   2、修改 Make.defines.linux中的WKDIR=/home/xxx/apue.2e，为WKDIR=/home/user/apue.2e

   3、返回至apue.2e目录下面，修改linux.mk，将里面的nawk全部改为awk，可以使用这个命令 ：%s/nawk/awk/g 

   4、make

   5、将/home/user/apue.2e/include/apue.h和/home/user/apue.2e/lib/error.c复制到/usr/include目录下

    然后就可以方便的使用apue.h编译《unix高级环境编程》的的程序了