2017.07.07 Python网络编程之打印设备名称和IPv4地址

1.简单易懂直接上代码：

# -*- coding=gb2312 -*-
#! /usr/bin/env python
# Python Network Programming Cookbook --Chapter -1
# This program is optimized for python 2.7. It may run on any
# other Python version with/without modifications
# -*- coding=gb2312 -*-
import  socket

def print_machine_info():
    host_name=socket.gethostname()
    ip_address=socket.gethostbyname(host_name)

    print "Host name is:%s"% host_name
    print "IP address is:%s"% ip_address


if __name__=='__main__':
    print_machine_info()

2.获取远程设备的IP地址：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# !/usr/bin/env/ python

# Python Network Programming Cookbook --Chapter -1
# This program is optimized for Python 2.7
# It may run on any other version with/without modifications

import socket

def get_remote_machine_info():
    remote_host = 'www.hqu.edu.cn'
    try:
        print "主机的IP地址是:%s" %socket.gethostbyname(remote_host)
    except socket.error,err_msg:
        print "%s: %s" %(remote_host,err_msg)

if __name__=='__main__':
    get_remote_machine_info()

3.将IPv4地址转换为不同的格式：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 如果要使用底层的网络函数，有时普通的字符串格式的IP地址并不是很有用，需要我们把它转换为打包后的32位二进制格式

# !/usr/bin/env python
# Python Network Programming Cookbook --Chapter -1
# This program is optimized for Python 2.7
# It may run on any other version with/without modifications

import socket
from binascii import hexlify

def convert_ipv4_address():
    for ip_addr in ['127.0.0.1','192.168.0.1']:
        packed_ip_addr =socket.inet_aton(ip_addr)
        unpacked_ip_addr = socket.inet_ntoa(packed_ip_addr)

        print "IP 地址: %s => 打包后:%s ,没有打包前:%s"
            %(ip_addr,hexlify(packed_ip_addr),unpacked_ip_addr)


if __name__=='__main__':
    convert_ipv4_address()

 

4.通过指定的端口和协议找到服务名：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 如果想找到网络服务，最好知道服务运行在TCP或UDP协议的哪个端口上
# !usr/bin/env python
# Python Network Programming Cookbook --Chapter -1
# This program is optimized for Python 2.7
# It may run on any other version with/without modifications

import socket
def find_service_name():
    protocolname = 'tcp'
    for port in [80,25]:
        print "端口：%s => 服务名称是：%s  " %(port,socket.getservbyport(port,protocolname))

    print "端口：%s => 服务名称是：%s" %(53,socket.getservbyport(53,'udp'))

if __name__=='__main__':
    find_service_name()

 5.主机字节序和网络字节之间相互转换：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 编写底层网络应用时，或许需要处理通过电缆在两台设备之间传输的底层数据，需要把主机操作系统发出的数据转化为网络各式
# !usr/bin/env python
# Python Network Programming Cookbook --Chapter -1
# This program is optimized for Python 2.7
# It may run on any other version with/without modifications

import socket

def convert_integer():
    data=1234
    print "源字节：%s => Long host byte order:%s,Network byte order:%s"
            %(data,socket.ntohl(data),socket.htonl(data))

    print "源字节:%s => Short host byte order:%s,Network byte order:%s"
            %(data,socket.ntohs(data),socket.htons(data))

if __name__=='__main__':
    convert_integer()