一、Bean作用域
spring容器创建的时候,会将所有配置的bean对象创建出来,默认bean都是单例的。代码通过getBean()方法从容器获取指定的bean实例,容器首先会调用Bean类的无参构造器,创建实例对象
那么?我们如何说明出bean是单例的呢?
构建出两份学生对象,执行,发现两个对象的内存地址相同,内存中只有一份
如何使它成为多例的呢?那么则需要在配置文件中添加scope="prototype"该属性即可!
scope="prototype" 原型模式(N个对象):真正使用时才会创建,每获取一次,都会创建不同对象
scope="singleton" 单例模式:容器初始化时需要使用name建,每次获取的都是同一个对象,默认值
二、基于xml的DI(Dependency Injection)
注入类型:
定义学生Student实体类和小汽车Car实体类:进行封装和生成ToString(),并自定义属性Car
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public class Student { private String name; private String age; private Car car; //无参构造 public Student() { //System.out.println("Student.Student()"); } //带参构造 public Student(String name, String age, Car car) { this .name = name; this .age = age; this .car = car; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]" ; } public Car getCar() { return car; } public void setCar(Car car) { this .car = car; } public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this .age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } } |
Car:
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public class Car { private String color; private String brand; //无参构造 public Car() { } //带参构造 public Car(String color, String brand) { super (); this .color = color; this .brand = brand; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [color=" + color + ", brand=" + brand + "]" ; } public String getColor() { return color; } public void setColor(String color) { this .color = color; } public String getBrand() { return brand; } public void setBrand(String brand) { this .brand = brand; } } |
1.1设值注入(set方法注入):本质上是调用了Bean的setXXX()进行值的注入。分为普通属性和域属性
测试类:
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public class Test01 { @Test public void addTest(){ ApplicationContext ctx= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Student student=(Student) ctx.getBean( "stu" ); System.out.println(student); } |
实现效果:
1.2构造注入
实现效果:
1.3命名空间p注入
使用前要先要在Spring配置文件中引入p命名空间
实现效果:
三、集合属性注入[List、Set、Map]
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public class MyCollection { private List<String> list; private Set<String> set; private Map<String,String> map; public Map<String, String> getMap() { return map; } public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) { this .map = map; } public Set<String> getSet() { return set; } public void setSet(Set<String> set) { this .set = set; } public List<String> getList() { return list; } public void setList(List<String> list) { this .list = list; } |
Spring配置文件:
List与Set同理:
Map双列集合:
测试类:调用对应的方法:
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public class Test01 { @Test public void addTest(){ ApplicationContext ctx= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); MyCollection collection=(MyCollection) ctx.getBean( "collection" ); //System.out.println(collection.getList()); //System.out.println(collection.getSet()); System.out.println(collection.getMap()); } |
四、基于注解的DI
注:在项目中添加Spring AOP相关的JAR文件以及xsd约束文件。
由于是基于注解的DI,所以无需再Spring配置文件中进行节点配置,只需配置包扫描器即可!
配置包扫描器用途:
该包下以及子包中的类才可以被Spring扫描,去寻找被注解的类和属性,让Spring容器管理赋值
Student类:
指定@Component中的value即可在测试类中的getBean()中植入即可。
@Value为该属性赋值
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@Component (value= "stu" ) public class Student { @Value ( "呵呵" ) private String name; @Value ( "13" ) private String age; /* * JDK注解 @Resource(name="car2") */ /* * Spring注解 */ @Autowired @Qualifier (value= "car2" ) private Car car; @Override public String toString() { return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]" ; } |
Car类:
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@Component (value= "car2" ) public class Car { @Value ( "黑色" ) private String color; @Value ( "奥迪" ) private String brand; @Override public String toString() { return "Car [color=" + color + ", brand=" + brand + "]" ; } |
测试类:
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public class Test01 { @Test public void addTest(){ ApplicationContext ctx= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Student student=(Student) ctx.getBean( "stu" ); System.out.println(student); } } |
实现效果:
等价于@Component的注解:
@Component[不分层的情况下]
@Repository() [Dao层]
@Service() [Biz层]
@Controller() [Action类]