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  • Java源码学习 -- java.lang.String

    java.lang.String是使用频率非常高的类。要想更好的使用java.lang.String类,了解其源代码实现是非常有必要的。由java.lang.String,自然联想到java.lang.StringBuffer和java.lang.StringBuilder,下篇文章再来研究java.lang.StringBuffer和java.lang.StringBuilder。

    重要属性

    java.lang.String对象中字符串主要是以字符数组的形式存储。当调用对象方法获取字符串长度时,直接返回数组长度。判断字符串是否为空isEmpty()时,也直接检查数组长度是否为0。其部分发生代码如下所示:

    1     /** The value is used for character storage. */
    2     private final char value[];
    3 
    4     /** Cache the hash code for the string */
    5     private int hash; // Default to 0

    value:存储字符串的字符数组。该数组为final变量,一旦赋值,将不会更改。

    hash:该String对象的哈希值。

    构造方法

    java.lang.String对象构造方法比较多,列举如下:

     1     public String()
     2     public String(String original)
     3     public String(char value[])
     4     public String(char value[], int offset, int count)
     5     public String(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count)
     6 @Deprecated
     7     public String(byte ascii[], int hibyte, int offset, int count)
     8 @Deprecated
     9     public String(byte ascii[], int hibyte)
    10     public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length, String charsetName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    11     public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length, Charset charset)
    12     public String(byte bytes[], String charsetName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    13     public String(byte bytes[], Charset charset)
    14     public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length)
    15     public String(byte bytes[])
    16     public String(StringBuffer buffer)
    17     public String(StringBuilder builder)

    在 public String(StringBuffer buffer) 中,传入形参为StringBuffer,StringBuffer为线程安全类。则在此构造方法内部进行了synchronized关键字锁同步。代码如下:

    1     public String(StringBuffer buffer) {
    2         synchronized(buffer) {
    3             this.value = Arrays.copyOf(buffer.getValue(), buffer.length());
    4         }
    5     }

    在 public String(StringBuilder builder) 中,传入形参为StringBuilder,StringBuilder为非线程安全类。则在此构造方法内部内部未做同步处理,对比 public String(StringBuffer buffer) 。代码如下:

    1     public String(StringBuilder builder) {
    2         this.value = Arrays.copyOf(builder.getValue(), builder.length());
    3     }

    常用方法

    java.lang.String对象中封装方法非常多,仅针对常用方法源代码进行分析。如:equals(),replace(), indexOf(),startsWith(),compareTo(),regionMathes(),hashCode()。

    public boolean equals(Object anObject)

    用于比较两对象存储内容是否相同。采用比较巧妙的方式进行排除比较:(1)先“==”比较两对象是否是同一对象,若是,直接返回true, 否则进一步判断;(2)判断待比较对象类型是否是java.lang.String,若不是,直接返回false,否则进一步判断;(3)判断两字符串长度是否相等,若不是直接返回false,否则进一步判断;(4)从字符数组中第一个字符开始,依次进行比较,一旦发现不相同字符直接返回false,若所在字符均相同则返回true。对字符数组中字符依次进行比较是一件非常耗时的操作,将此操作放在最后执行,先利用其它条件进行对其进行判断。比较巧妙!

     1     public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
     2         if (this == anObject) {
     3             return true;
     4         }
     5         if (anObject instanceof String) {
     6             String anotherString = (String)anObject;
     7             int n = value.length;
     8             if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
     9                 char v1[] = value;
    10                 char v2[] = anotherString.value;
    11                 int i = 0;
    12                 while (n-- != 0) {
    13                     if (v1[i] != v2[i])
    14                         return false;
    15                     i++;
    16                 }
    17                 return true;
    18             }
    19         }
    20         return false;
    21     }

    public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar)

    将字符串中指定字符替换为新的字符。(1)先判断待替换字符和新字符是否相同,若相同,则直接返回原字符串,若不同,则继续执行;(2)找出第一次出现待替换字符位置i,创建新的等长字符数组,将该位置之前的字符依次放入新的字符数组中;(3)从位置i处依次遍历比较原字符数组中字符是否是待替换字符,若是,则将新字符放入新字符数组对应位置,若不是,则将原字符数组中字符放入对应位置。巧妙做了一个小优化,直接找出第一次出现待替换字符的位置,再从此处开始遍历,提高效率。

     1     public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
     2         if (oldChar != newChar) {
     3             int len = value.length;
     4             int i = -1;
     5             char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
     6 
     7             while (++i < len) {
     8                 if (val[i] == oldChar) {
     9                     break;
    10                 }
    11             }
    12             if (i < len) {
    13                 char buf[] = new char[len];
    14                 for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
    15                     buf[j] = val[j];
    16                 }
    17                 while (i < len) {
    18                     char c = val[i];
    19                     buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
    20                     i++;
    21                 }
    22                 return new String(buf, true);
    23             }
    24         }
    25         return this;
    26     }

    public String replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement)

    该方法是我们通常意义所用到的 public String replace(String target, String replacement) ,java.lang.String实现了java.lang.CharSequence接口。方法内部调用正则表达式匹配替换来实现。

    1     public String replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement) {
    2         return Pattern.compile(target.toString(), Pattern.LITERAL).matcher(
    3                 this).replaceAll(Matcher.quoteReplacement(replacement.toString()));
    4     }

    public int indexOf(String str)

    该方法是找出目标字符串是第一次出现指定子字符串的位置,若不存在,则返回-1,若存在,则返回位置坐标。具体实现是调用 static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount, char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount, int fromIndex) 方法。先对目标字符串中出现子字符串的位置可能范围,然后在此范围中遍历找出与子字符串第一个字符相同的位置,并对后面字符进行比较分析。

     1       /**
     2       * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
     3       * specified substring.
     4       */
     5      public int indexOf(String str) {
     6          return indexOf(str, 0);
     7      }
     8  
     9      /**
    10       * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
    11       * specified substring, starting at the specified index.
    12       */
    13      public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
    14          return indexOf(value, 0, value.length,
    15                  str.value, 0, str.value.length, fromIndex);
    16      }
    17  
    18      /**
    19       * Code shared by String and StringBuffer to do searches. The
    20       * source is the character array being searched, and the target
    21       * is the string being searched for.
    22       *
    23       * @param   source       the characters being searched.
    24       * @param   sourceOffset offset of the source string.
    25       * @param   sourceCount  count of the source string.
    26       * @param   target       the characters being searched for.
    27       * @param   targetOffset offset of the target string.
    28       * @param   targetCount  count of the target string.
    29       * @param   fromIndex    the index to begin searching from.
    30       */
    31      static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
    32              char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount,
    33              int fromIndex) {
    34          if (fromIndex >= sourceCount) {
    35              return (targetCount == 0 ? sourceCount : -1);
    36          }
    37          if (fromIndex < 0) {
    38              fromIndex = 0;
    39          }
    40          if (targetCount == 0) {
    41              return fromIndex;
    42          }
    43  
    44          char first = target[targetOffset];
    45          int max = sourceOffset + (sourceCount - targetCount);
    46  
    47          for (int i = sourceOffset + fromIndex; i <= max; i++) {
    48              /* Look for first character. */
    49              if (source[i] != first) {
    50                  while (++i <= max && source[i] != first);
    51              }
    52  
    53              /* Found first character, now look at the rest of v2 */
    54              if (i <= max) {
    55                  int j = i + 1;
    56                  int end = j + targetCount - 1;
    57                  for (int k = targetOffset + 1; j < end && source[j]
    58                          == target[k]; j++, k++);
    59  
    60                  if (j == end) {
    61                      /* Found whole string. */
    62                      return i - sourceOffset;
    63                  }
    64              }
    65          }
    66          return -1;
    67      }
    View Code

    public int compareTo(String anotherString)

    该方法是对字符串集合进行排序的基础,通过此方法可比较两字符串大小,原理很简单,源代码如下:

     1     public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
     2         int len1 = value.length;
     3         int len2 = anotherString.value.length;
     4         int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);
     5         char v1[] = value;
     6         char v2[] = anotherString.value;
     7 
     8         int k = 0;
     9         while (k < lim) {
    10             char c1 = v1[k];
    11             char c2 = v2[k];
    12             if (c1 != c2) {
    13                 return c1 - c2;
    14             }
    15             k++;
    16         }
    17         return len1 - len2;
    18     }
    View Code

    public boolean startsWith(String prefix)

    判断目标字符串是否以指定字符子串开关,该方法内部是调用 public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) 方法实现,原理很简单,代码如下:

    1     /**
    2      * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
    3      *
    4      * @param   prefix   the prefix.
    5      */
    6     public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
    7         return startsWith(prefix, 0);
    8     }
    View Code

    public int hashCode()

    其hashCode()代码如下:

     1     public int hashCode() {
     2         int h = hash;
     3         if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
     4             char val[] = value;
     5 
     6             for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
     7                 h = 31 * h + val[i];
     8             }
     9             hash = h;
    10         }
    11         return h;
    12     }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hthuang/p/5456890.html
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