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  • 007 python语法_003 函数/类/模块

    '''
    时间:2018/10/11
    目录: 
      一: 函数
              1 定义函数
          2 空函数
          3 参数 - 检查
          4 参数 - 返回多个值
          5 参数 - 默认参数
          6 参数 - 可变参数
          7 参数 - 关键字参数
          8 参数 - 命名关键字参数   二: 类 1 定义 2 初始化
          3 继承   三: 模块
          1 使用模块
          2 自编模块
    '''

    一: 函数
      1 定义函数

    #coding:utf-8
    
    def myAbs(nNum):
        if nNum >= 0:
            return nNum
        else:
            return -nNum
    
    nNum = myAbs(33)
    print(nNum)
    
    nNum = myAbs(-33)
    print(nNum)
    33
    33

      

      2 空函数

    # coding:utf-8
    def nop():
        pass    #pass作占位符,还没想好写代码
    
    print(nop())
    print(type(nop()))
    None
    <class 'NoneType'>

       3 参数 - 检查

    #coding:utf-8
    
    def myAbs(nNum):
        if not isinstance(nNum, (int, float)):      # 类型检查
            raise TypeError('bad operand type')     # 错误提示
        if nNum >= 0:
            return nNum
        else:
            return -nNum
    
    
    nNum = myAbs(33)
    print(nNum)
    
    nNum = myAbs(-33)
    print(nNum)
    
    nNum = myAbs("33")
    print(nNum)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    33
      File "D:/ProgramTools/PyCharm 5.0.4/PycharmProject/StudyJson/StudyJson/Study001.py", line 18, in <module>
    33
        nNum = myAbs("33")
      File "D:/ProgramTools/PyCharm 5.0.4/PycharmProject/StudyJson/StudyJson/Study001.py", line 5, in myAbs
        raise TypeError('bad operand type')     # 错误提示
    TypeError: bad operand type

      4 参数 - 返回多个值

    # coding:utf-8
    def Test(x, y):
        dictTest = {
            "name": "ZS",
            "age": y + 1,
            "sex": "m"
        }
        return x, y, x + y, dictTest
    
    nNum = Test(1, 2)
    print(nNum)
    print(type(nNum))
    
    i1, i2, i3, dictTest = Test(1, 2)
    print(i1)
    print(type(i3))
    print(i2)
    print(type(i3))
    print(i3)
    print(type(i3))
    print(dictTest)
    print(type(dictTest))
    (1, 2, 3, {'name': 'ZS', 'age': 3, 'sex': 'm'})
    <class 'tuple'>
    1
    <class 'int'>
    2
    <class 'int'>
    3
    <class 'int'>
    {'name': 'ZS', 'age': 3, 'sex': 'm'}
    <class 'dict'>

      5 参数 - 默认参数

    # coding:utf-8
    
    def enroll(name, gender, age=6, city='Beijing'):
        print('name:', name)
        print('gender:', gender)
        print('age:', age)
        print('city:', city, end="
    
    ")
    
    enroll('Bob', 'M', 7)
    enroll('Adam', 'M', 8, city='Tianjin')
    enroll('Adam', 'M', city='Tianjin')     # 当不按顺序提供部分默认参数时,需要把参数名写上。
    name: Bob
    gender: M
    age: 7
    city: Beijing
    
    name: Adam
    gender: M
    age: 8
    city: Tianjin
    
    name: Adam
    gender: M
    age: 6
    city: Tianjin

      6 参数 - 可变参数

    # coding:utf-8
    
    def calc(*nNumbers):        # 可变参数 - 参数前加个*号, 定义tuple参数
        print(type(nNumbers))   # 显示类型
        nSum = 0
        for nLoop in nNumbers:
            nSum = nSum + nLoop
        return nSum
    
    
    nNums = (1, 2)
    nResult = calc(*nNums)  # *nNums : tuple类型  - 作为可变参数
    print(nResult)
    
    nNums = [1, 2, 5]
    nResult = calc(*nNums)  # *nNums : list类型  - 作为可变参数
    print(nResult)
    <class 'tuple'>
    3
    <class 'tuple'>
    8

      7 参数 - 关键字参数

    # coding:utf-8
    def person(name, age, **kw):
        print("name:", name, "age:", age, "other:", kw)
    
    person("Michael", 30)
    person("Bob", 35, city = "BeiJing")
    person(age=45, name="Adam", gender='M', job="Engineer") # 用户注册的,除了用户名和年龄是必填,其他都是可选项,
    
    extra = {
        "city": "Beijing",
        "job":"Engineer"}
    person("Jack", 24, city=extra["city"], job=extra["job"])
    person("Jack", 24, **extra)                                 # 同上简写
    name: Michael age: 30 other: {}
    name: Bob age: 35 other: {'city': 'BeiJing'}
    name: Adam age: 45 other: {'gender': 'M', 'job': 'Engineer'}
    name: Jack age: 24 other: {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}
    name: Jack age: 24 other: {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}

      8 参数 - 命名关键字参数

    # coding:utf-8
    def person(name, age, *args, city, job):
        print('name:', name, 'age:', age, 'city:', city, 'job:', job)
    
    person("Bob", 35, city = "BeiJing", job="Engineer")
    
    # 错误用法
    # person("Michael", 30)                                   # TypeError: person() missing 2 required keyword-only arguments: 'city' and 'job'
    # person("Bob", 35, "BeiJing",  "Engineer")                          # TypeError: person() missing 2 required keyword-only arguments: 'city' and 'job'
    # person(age=45, name="Adam", city = "BeiJing", job="Engineer", gender='M')  # TypeError: person() got an unexpected keyword argument 'gender'
    name: Bob age: 35 city: BeiJing job: Engineer

    二: 类

      1 定义

    # coding:utf-8
    class A(object):
        def add(self, a, b):
            return a + b
    
    count = A()
    print(count.add(3, 5))
    8

      2 初始化

    # coding:utf-8
    class A(object):
        def __init__(self, a, b):
            self.a = int(a)
            self.b = int(b)
    
        def add(self):
            return self.a + self.b
    
    
    count = A("4", 5)
    print(count.add())
    9

      3 继承

    # coding:utf-8
    
    class A():
        def __init__(self, a, b):
            self.a = int(a)
            self.b = int(b)
    
        def print(self):
            print("a = %d, b = %d
    " %(self.a, self.b))
    
    
    class B(A):
        def sub(self, a, b):
            self.a = self.a - a
            self.b = self.b - b
    
    b = B(4, 5)
    b.print()
    b.sub(1, 2)
    b.print()
    a = 4, b = 5
    
    a = 3, b = 3

    三: 模块

      1 使用模块

    # coding:utf-8
    
    import sys
    
    print("
    
    Python路径是: ", sys.argv)
    Python路径是:  ['D:/ProgramTools/PyCharm 5.0.4/PycharmProject/StudyJson/StudyJson/Study001.py']

      2 自编模块

    # coding:utf-8  # .py文件 - 使用UTF-8编码
    
    "test module"               # 文档注释
    __author__ = 'HuaFanChen'   # 作者名称
    
    
    def myAbs(nNum):
        if not isinstance(nNum, (int, float)):        # 类型检查
            raise TypeError('bad operand type')    
        if nNum >= 0:
            return nNum
        else:
            return -nNum
            

    1 : 编写一个abstest.py文件,内容如上。

    1 : 把文件放到pyhton库中。

    # coding:utf-8
    
    from abstest import myAbs
    
    nNum = myAbs(23)
    print(nNum)
    
    nNum = myAbs(-33)
    print(nNum)
    23
    33

    1 :调用刚才编写abstest文件中的myAbs函数。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huafan/p/9775388.html
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