第十五篇 drf补充(序列化，视图)

day07 drf常用api

1.发布

1.1 小程序

• 选图片

• 填内容

• 提交

  {
  	cover:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png",
  	content:"小程序开发太简单了",
  	address:"北京市",
  	topic:1,
  	images:[
  		"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png",
  		"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png"
  	]
  }
  

  {
  	cover:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png",
  	content:"小程序开发太简单了",
  	address:"北京市",
  	topic:1,
  	
  	
  	
  	images:[
  		{
  			path:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png",
  			cos_key:"08a9daei1578736867828.pn"
  		},
  		{
  			path:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png",
  			cos_key:"08a9daei1578736867828.pn"
  		},
  	]
  }
  

1.2 API

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView
from rest_framework import serializers
from apps.api import models
class NewsDetailModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    key = serializers.CharField()
    cos_path = serializers.CharField()
    
class NewsModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    images = NewsDetailModelSerializer(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        fields = "__all__"

class NewsView(CreateAPIView):
    """ 创建动态的API """
    serializer_class = NewsModelSerializer

class News(models.Model):
    """
    动态
    """
    cover = models.CharField(verbose_name='封面', max_length=128)
    content = models.CharField(verbose_name='内容', max_length=255)
    topic = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='话题', to='Topic', null=True, blank=True)
    address = models.CharField(verbose_name='位置', max_length=128, null=True, blank=True)

    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='发布者', to='UserInfo', related_name='news')

    favor_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name='赞数', default=0)

    viewer_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name='浏览数', default=0)

    comment_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name='评论数', default=0)

    create_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

class NewsDetail(models.Model):
    """
    动态详细
    """
    key = models.CharField(verbose_name='腾讯对象存储中的文件名', max_length=128, help_text="用于以后在腾讯对象存储中删除")
    cos_path = models.CharField(verbose_name='腾讯对象存储中图片路径', max_length=128)
    news = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='动态', to='News')

1.3 规则

{
    k1:v1,
    k2:v2,
    k3:{...},
    k4:[
        {....}
    ]
}

2.restful api回顾

2.1 APIView （ 可以 ）

from rest_framework.response import Response
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = "__all__"

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
        ser = UserModelSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        ser = UserModelSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            # models.UserInfo.objects.create(**ser.validated_data)
            ser.save(user_id=1)
            return Response(ser.data)
        return Response(ser.errors)

2.2 ListAPIView

ListAPIView,CreateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,DestroyAPIView

class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        fields = "__all__"

class NewTestView(CreateAPIView,ListAPIView):
    serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
    queryset = models.News.objects.filter(id__gt=4)
    
    pagination_class = OldBoyLimitPagination # 分页
    filter_backends = [MinFilterBackend, MaxFilterBackend] #过滤条件

2.2.0.0 RetrieveAPIView (处理单条记录)

class NewsDetailModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    images = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    create_date = serializers.DateTimeField(format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") # 时间格式化

    user = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    topic = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    viewer = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    comment = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        exclude = ['cover',]

    def get_images(self,obj):
        detail_queryset = models.NewsDetail.objects.filter(news=obj)
        # return [row.cos_path for row in detail_queryset]
        # return [{'id':row.id,'path':row.cos_path} for row in detail_queryset]
        return [model_to_dict(row,['id','cos_path']) for row in detail_queryset]

    def get_user(self, obj):
        return model_to_dict(obj.user, fields=['id', 'nickname', 'avatar'])

    def get_topic(self, obj):
        if not obj.topic:
            return
        return model_to_dict(obj.topic, fields=['id', 'title'])

    def get_viewer(self,obj):
        return 1
    def get_comment(self,obj):
        return 1

class NewsDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
    """
    获取单条数据---RetrieveAPIView
    """
    queryset = models.News.objects
    serializer_class = NewsDetailModelSerializer

2.2.1 用户传递某些值

创建用户时，自己在后台生成一个UID。

class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        fields = "__all__"

class NewTestView(CreateAPIView,ListAPIView):
    serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
    queryset = models.News.objects.filter(id__gt=4)

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(uid=str(uuid.uuid4()))

2.2.2 fields和exclude的区别？

通过fields和exclude定制页面展示数据。

需求：只显示用户表的id,name,age的数据，其他不显示。

class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        # fields = ["id","name",'age']
        # fields = "__all__"
        exclude = ['gender']

class NewTestView(ListAPIView):
    serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
    queryset = models.User.objects.all()
    
[
    {id:1,name:'xxx',age:18},
    {id:1,name:'xxx',age:11},
    {id:1,name:'xxx',age:99},
]

需求：数据库有5个字段，显示7个字段。

class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    xx = serializers.CharField(source='id')
    x1 = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        # fields = "__all__"
        # fields = ['id','name','age','gender','phone','xx','x1']
        exclude = ['id','name']
	
    def get_x1(self,obj):
        return obj.id
    
class NewTestView(ListAPIView):
    serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
    queryset = models.User.objects.all()
    
[
    {id:1,name:'xxx',age:18...   xx:1,x1:1},
    {id:2,name:'xxx',age:11...   xx:2,x1:2},
    {id:3,name:'xxx',age:99,     xx:3,x1:3},
]

2.2.3 read_only

添加时不要，查看时候需要。

需求：编写两个接口 添加（3字段）、获取列表（5个字段）

class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # phone = serializers.CharField(source='phone',read_only=True)
    # email = serializers.CharField(source='email',read_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        fields = "__all__"
        read_only_fields = ['phone','email',]
        
class NewTestView(CreateAPIView, ListAPIView):
    serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
    queryset = models.User.objects.all()
    
添加：
	{
        name:'xx',
        age:'19',
        gender:1
    }
获取：
	[
        {name:'xx',age:'xx',gender:'',phone:'xx',email:xxx}
    ]

2.3.4 复杂需求

添加时用一个serializers、列表时用一个serializers

class NewTestModelSerializer1(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        fields = "__all__"
        
class NewTestModelSerializer2(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        fields = "__all__"

class NewTestView(CreateAPIView, ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.User.objects.all()
    
	def get_serializer_class(self):
        if self.request.method == 'POST':
            return NewTestModelSerializer1
        if self.request.method == 'GET':
            return NewTestModelSerializer2

2.3.5 serializers嵌套

class CreateNewsTopicModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    key = serializers.CharField()
    cos_path = serializers.CharField()


class CreateNewsModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    imageList = CreateNewsTopicModelSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = models.News
        exclude = ['user', 'viewer_count', 'comment_count',"favor_count"]

    def create(self, validated_data):
        # 把imageList切走
        image_list = validated_data.pop('imageList')

        # 创建New表中的数据
        news_object = models.News.objects.create(**validated_data)

        data_list = models.NewsDetail.objects.bulk_create(
            [models.NewsDetail(**info, news=news_object) for info in image_list]
        )
        news_object.imageList = data_list

        if news_object.topic:
            news_object.topic.count += 1
            news_object.save()

        return news_object

class NewsView(CreateAPIView):
    """
    发布动态
    """
    serializer_class = CreateNewsModelSerializer
    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        # 只能保存：News表中的数据（）
        # 调用serializer对象的save（先调用create）
        new_object = serializer.save(user_id=1)
        return new_object