Java从入门到实战之（24）Java 方法处理之练习

1、方法重载

先来看下方法重载（Overloading）的定义：如果有两个方法的方法名相同，但参数不一致，哪么可以说一个方法是另一个方法的重载。 具体说明如下：

• 方法名相同
• 方法的参数类型，参数个不一样
• 方法的返回类型可以不相同
• 方法的修饰符可以不相同
• main 方法也可以被重载

package Java_Learn.File;
class  MyClass
{
    int height;
    public MyClass() {
        System.out.println("无参构造函数");
        height =100;
    }
    public MyClass(int height)
    {
        this.height=height;
        System.out.println("大树的高度是："+height+"米");
    }
    public void info()
    {
        System.out.println("大树的高度是："+height+"米");
    }
    public void info(String s)
    {
        System.out.println(s+"大树的高度是："+height+"米");
    }
}
public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyClass t=new MyClass(3);
        t.info();
        t.info("重载方法的");
        //重载构造函数
        new MyClass();
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=52752:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
大树的高度是：3米
大树的高度是：3米
重载方法大树的高度是：3米
无参构造函数

Process finished with exit code 0

2、方法覆盖

方法重载与方法覆盖区别如下：

• 方法重载(Overloading)：如果有两个方法的方法名相同，但参数不一致，哪么可以说一个方法是另一个方法的重载。
• 方法覆盖（Overriding）：如果在子类中定义一个方法，其名称、返回类型及参数签名正好与父类中某个方法的名称、返回类型及参数签名相匹配，那么可以说，子类的方法覆盖了父类的方法。

package Java_Learn.File;
class Figure{
    double dim1;
    double dim2;
    Figure(double a , double b) {
        dim1=a;
        dim2=b;
    }
    Double area() {
        System.out.println("父类方法");
        return(dim1*dim2);
    }
}
class Rectangle extends Figure {
    Rectangle(double a, double b) {
        super(a ,b);
    }
//    方法覆盖：子类的方法与父类方法一模一样
    Double area() {
        System.out.println("子类方法");
        return(dim1*dim2);
    }
}
public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Figure f= new Figure(10 , 10);
        Rectangle r= new Rectangle(9 , 5);
        Figure figref;
        figref=f;
        System.out.println("父类方法面积 :"+figref.area());
//        覆盖父类的方法，呈现出的结果是子类方法的结果
        figref=r;
        System.out.println("子类方法的面积 :"+figref.area());
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=52854:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
父类方法
父类方法面积 :100.0
子类方法
子类方法的面积 :45.0

Process finished with exit code 0

3、重载(overloading)方法中使用 Varargs

如何在重载方法中使用可变参数？

package Java_Learn.File;
public class Main1 {
    static void vaTest(int ... no) {
        System.out.print("vaTest(int ...): "
                + "参数个数: " + no.length +" 内容: ");
        for(int n : no)
            System.out.print(n + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
    static void vaTest(boolean ... bl) {
        System.out.print("vaTest(boolean ...) " +
                "参数个数: " + bl.length + " 内容: ");
        for(boolean b : bl)
            System.out.print(b + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
    static void vaTest(String msg, int ... no) {
        System.out.print("vaTest(String, int ...): " +
                msg +"参数个数: "+ no.length +" 内容: ");
        for(int  n : no)
            System.out.print(n + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
    public static void main(String args[]){
        vaTest(1, 2, 3);
        vaTest(true, false, false);
        vaTest("测试: ", 10, 20);
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=52917:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
vaTest(int ...): 参数个数: 3 内容: 1 2 3 
vaTest(boolean ...) 参数个数: 3 内容: true false false 
vaTest(String, int ...): 测试: 参数个数: 2 内容: 10 20 

Process finished with exit code 0

4、Varargs 可变参数使用

Java1.5提供了一个叫varargs的新功能，就是可变长度的参数。

"Varargs"是"variable number of arguments"的意思。有时候也被简单的称为"variable arguments"

定义实参个数可变的方法：只要在一个形参的"类型"与"参数名"之间加上三个连续的"."（即"..."，英文里的句中省略号），就可以让它和不确定个实参相匹配。

package Java_Learn.File;
public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        int sum=0;
        sum=sumArr(new int[]{10,12,13});
        System.out.println("数字相加之和为:"+sum);
    }
    private static int sumArr(int ... intArr)
    {
        int sum = 0,i;
        for(i=0;i<intArr.length;i++)
        {
            sum +=intArr[i];
        }
        return sum;
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53075:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
数字相加之和为:35

Process finished with exit code 0

5、instanceof 关键字用法

instanceof 是 Java 的一个二元操作符，类似于 ==，>，< 等操作符。

instanceof 是 Java 的保留关键字。它的作用是测试它左边的对象是否是它右边的类的实例，返回 boolean 的数据类型。

package Java_Learn.File;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Vector;
class Student
{
    public Student()
    {

    }
}
public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        Object arr=new ArrayList();
        showObjectClass(arr);
        Object student=new Student();
        showObjectClass(student);
    }
    private static void showObjectClass(Object o)
    {
        if(o instanceof Vector)
            System.out.println("对象是 java.util.Vector 类的实例");
        else if(o instanceof ArrayList)
            System.out.println("对象是 java.util.ArrayList 类的实例");
        else
            System.out.println("对象是："+o.getClass()+"类的实例");
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53173:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
对象是 java.util.ArrayList 类的实例
对象是：class Java_Learn.File.Student类的实例

Process finished with exit code 0

6、标签

Java 中的标签是为循环设计的，是为了在多重循环中方便的使用 break 和coutinue 。

以下实例当在循环中使用 break 或 continue 循环时跳到指定的标签处

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String strSearch = "This is the string in which you have to search for a substring.";
        String substring = "substring";
        boolean found = false;
        int max = strSearch.length() - substring.length();
        testlbl:
        for (int i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
            int length = substring.length();
            int j = i;
            int k = 0;
            while (length-- != 0) {
                if(strSearch.charAt(j++) != substring.charAt(k++)){
                    continue testlbl;
                }
            }
            found = true;
            break testlbl;
        }
        if (found) {
            System.out.println("发现子字符串。");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("字符串中没有发现子字符串。");
        }
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53238:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
发现子字符串。

Process finished with exit code 0

7、Enum（枚举）构造函数及方法的使用

如何Enum（枚举）构造函数及方法的使用，与类对象的区别是枚举是固定值？

package Java_Learn.File;
enum Car
{
    lamborghini(900),tata(2),audi(50),fiat(15),honda(12);
    private int price;
    Car(int price) {
        this.price=price;
    }
    int getPrice()
    {
        return price;
    }
}
public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("所有汽车的价格:");
        for(Car car:Car.values())
        {
            System.out.println(car+"需要"+car.getPrice()+"千美元。");
        }
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53319:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
所有汽车的价格:
lamborghini需要900千美元。
tata需要2千美元。
audi需要50千美元。
fiat需要15千美元。
honda需要12千美元。

Process finished with exit code 0

8、enum 和 switch 语句使用

Java 创建枚举类型要使用 enum 关键字，隐含了所创建的类型都是 java.lang.Enum 类的子类

对enum进行遍历和switch的操作示例代码？

package Java_Learn.File;

import java.util.Scanner;

enum Car {
    lamborghini,tata,audi,fiat,honda
}
public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
       Car c=Car.valueOf(scanner.next());
        switch(c) {
            case lamborghini:
                System.out.println("你选择了 lamborghini!");
                break;
            case tata:
                System.out.println("你选择了 tata!");
                break;
            case audi:
                System.out.println("你选择了 audi!");
                break;
            case fiat:
                System.out.println("你选择了 fiat!");
                break;
            case honda:
                System.out.println("你选择了 honda!");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("我不知道你的车型。");
                break;
        }
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53787:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
tata
你选择了 tata!

Process finished with exit code 0

9、for 和 foreach循环使用

for 语句比较简单，用于循环数据。

for循环执行的次数是在执行前就确定的。语法格式如下：

for(初始化; 布尔表达式; 更新) {
    //代码语句
}

foreach语句是java5的新特征之一，在遍历数组、集合方面，foreach为开发人员提供了极大的方便。

foreach 语法格式如下：

for(元素类型t 元素变量x : 遍历对象obj){ 
     引用了x的java语句; 
}

以下实例演示了 for 和 foreach循环使用：

Main.java 文件

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] intary = { 1,2,3,4};
        forDisplay(intary);
        foreachDisplay(intary);
    }
    public static void forDisplay(int[] a){  
        System.out.println("使用 for 循环数组");
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(a[i] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    public static void foreachDisplay(int[] data){
        System.out.println("使用 foreach 循环数组");
        for (int a  : data) {
            System.out.print(a+ " ");
        }
    }
}

以上代码运行输出结果为：

使用 for 循环数组
1 2 3 4 
使用 foreach 循环数组
1 2 3 4

Main.java 文件

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
 
public class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        
        System.out.println("----------使用 for 循环------------");
        for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)
        {
            System.out.println(arr[i]);
        }
        
        System.out.println("---------使用 For-Each 循环-------------");
        
        //增强的 for 循环 For-Each
        for(int element:arr)
        {
            System.out.println(element);
        }
        
        System.out.println("---------For-Each 循环二维数组-------------");
        
        //遍历二维数组
        int[][] arr2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}} ;
        for(int[] row : arr2)
        {
            for(int element : row)
            {
                System.out.println(element);
            }
        }
        
        //以三种方式遍历集合 List
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        
        list.add("Google");
        list.add("Runoob");
        list.add("Taobao");
        
        System.out.println("----------方式1：普通for循环-----------");
        for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)
        {
            System.out.println(list.get(i));
        }
        
        System.out.println("----------方式2：使用迭代器-----------");
        for(Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext();)
        {
            System.out.println(iter.next());
        }
        
        System.out.println("----------方式3：For-Each 循环-----------");
        for(String str: list)
        {
            System.out.println(str);
        }
    }
}

以上代码运行输出结果为：

----------使用 for 循环------------
1
2
3
4
5
---------使用 For-Each 循环-------------
1
2
3
4
5
---------For-Each 循环二维数组-------------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
----------方式1：普通for循环-----------
Google
Runoob
Taobao
----------方式2：使用迭代器-----------
Google
Runoob
Taobao
----------方式3：For-Each 循环-----------
Google
Runoob
Taobao

10、break 关键字用法

Java break 语句可以直接强行退出当前的循环，忽略循环体中任何其他语句和循环条件测试。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] intary = { 99,12,22,34,45,67,5678,8990 };
        int no = 5678;
        int i = 0;
        boolean found = false;
        for ( ; i < intary.length; i++) {
            if (intary[i] == no) {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (found) {
            System.out.println(no + " 元素的索引位置在: " + i);
        } 
        else {
            System.out.println(no + " 元素不在数组中");
        }
    }
}

结果：

5678 元素的索引位置在: 6

11、continue 关键字用法

Java continue 语句语句用来结束当前循环，并进入下一次循环，即仅仅这一次循环结束了，不是所有循环结束了，后边的循环依旧进行。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuffer searchstr = new StringBuffer("hello how are you. ");
        int length = searchstr.length();
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            if (searchstr.charAt(i) != 'h')
            continue;
            count++;
            searchstr.setCharAt(i, 'h');
        }
        System.out.println("发现 " + count 
        + " 个 h 字符");
        System.out.println(searchstr);
    }
}

结果：

发现 2 个 h 字符
hello how are you.

12、输出数组元素

如何通过重载 MainClass 类的 printArray 方法输出不同类型(整型, 双精度及字符型)的数组

public class MainClass {
    public static void printArray(Integer[] inputArray) {
        for (Integer element : inputArray){
            System.out.printf("%s ", element);
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    public static void printArray(Double[] inputArray) {
        for (Double element : inputArray){
            System.out.printf("%s ", element);
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    public static void printArray(Character[] inputArray) {
        for (Character element : inputArray){
            System.out.printf("%s ", element);
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Integer[] integerArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
        Double[] doubleArray = { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7 };
        Character[] characterArray = { 'H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O' };
        System.out.println("输出整型数组:");
        printArray(integerArray);
        System.out.println("
输出双精度型数组:");
        printArray(doubleArray);
        System.out.println("
输出字符型数组:");
        printArray(characterArray);
    }
}

结果：

输出整型数组:
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

输出双精度型数组:
1.1 
2.2 
3.3 
4.4 
5.5 
6.6 
7.7 

输出字符型数组:
H 
E 
L 
L 
O 

13、汉诺塔算法

汉诺塔（又称河内塔）问题是源于印度一个古老传说的益智玩具。大梵天创造世界的时候做了三根金刚石柱子，在一根柱子上从下往上按照大小顺序摞着64片黄金圆盘。大梵天命令婆罗门把圆盘从下面开始按大小顺序重新摆放在另一根柱子上。并且规定，在小圆盘上不能放大圆盘，在三根柱子之间一次只能移动一个圆盘。

后来，这个传说就演变为汉诺塔游戏，玩法如下:

• 1.有三根杆子A,B,C。A杆上有若干碟子
• 2.每次移动一块碟子,小的只能叠在大的上面
• 3.把所有碟子从A杆全部移到C杆上

以下实例演示了汉诺塔算法的实现：

public class MainClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int nDisks = 3;
        doTowers(nDisks, 'A', 'B', 'C');
    }
    public static void doTowers(int topN, char from, char inter, char to) {
        if (topN == 1){
            System.out.println("Disk 1 from "
            + from + " to " + to);
        }else {
            doTowers(topN - 1, from, to, inter);
            System.out.println("Disk "
            + topN + " from " + from + " to " + to);
            doTowers(topN - 1, inter, from, to);
        }
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53944:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
Disk 1 from A to C
Disk 2 from A to B
Disk 1 from C to B
Disk 3 from A to C
Disk 1 from B to A
Disk 2 from B to C
Disk 1 from A to C

Process finished with exit code 0

14、斐波那契数列

斐波那契数列指的是这样一个数列 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233，377，610，987，1597，2584，4181，6765，10946，17711，28657，46368……

特别指出：第0项是0，第1项是第一个1。

这个数列从第三项开始，每一项都等于前两项之和。

以下实例演示了 Java 斐波那契数列的实现：

package Java_Learn.File;
public class Main1 {
    public static long fibonacci(long number) {
        if ((number == 0) || (number == 1))
            return number;
        else
            return fibonacci(number - 1) + fibonacci(number - 2);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int counter = 0; counter <= 10; counter++){
            System.out.printf("Fibonacci of %d is: %d
",
                    counter, fibonacci(counter));
        }
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53979:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
Fibonacci of 0 is: 0
Fibonacci of 1 is: 1
Fibonacci of 2 is: 1
Fibonacci of 3 is: 2
Fibonacci of 4 is: 3
Fibonacci of 5 is: 5
Fibonacci of 6 is: 8
Fibonacci of 7 is: 13
Fibonacci of 8 is: 21
Fibonacci of 9 is: 34
Fibonacci of 10 is: 55

Process finished with exit code 0

15、阶乘

一个正整数的阶乘（英语：factorial）是所有小于及等于该数的正整数的积，并且有0的阶乘为1。自然数n的阶乘写作n!。

亦即n!=1×2×3×...×n。阶乘亦可以递归方式定义：0!=1，n!=(n-1)!×n。

package Java_Learn.File;
public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        for (int counter = 0; counter <= 10; counter++){
            System.out.printf("%d! = %d
", counter,
                    factorial(counter));
        }
    }
    public static long factorial(long number) {
        if (number <= 1)
            return 1;
        else
            return number * factorial(number - 1);
    }
}

结果：

"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221injava.exe" "-javaagent:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3libidea_rt.jar=53995:C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_221jrelib
t.jar;C:appWorkSpace	argetclasses;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-2.11.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-actors-migration_2.11-1.1.0.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-library.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-reflect.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-swing_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:Program Files (x86)scalalibscala-xml_2.11-1.0.1.jar;C:
epositoryorgscala-langscala-library2.11.0scala-library-2.11.0.jar" Java_Learn.File.Main1
0! = 1
1! = 1
2! = 2
3! = 6
4! = 24
5! = 120
6! = 720
7! = 5040
8! = 40320
9! = 362880
10! = 3628800

Process finished with exit code 0