Oracle12cCDB和PDB数据库的启动与关闭说明

在Oracle 12c中，分CDB 和PDB，他们的启动和关闭操作整理如下。

1 Container Database (CDB)

对于CDB，启动和关闭与之前传统的方式一样，具体语法如下：

STARTUP[NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE | FORCE | READ ONLY]

SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE | ABORT]

要注意，在12c数据库创建完成后，默认情况下使用sqlplus / as sysdba 登录连接的是CDB。

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[oracle@Ora12c~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba   SQL*Plus:Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr 24 17:50:34 2014   Copyright(c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rightsreserved.   Connectedto:   OracleDatabase 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production   Withthe Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options   SQL>show con_name   CON_NAME   ------------------------------   CDB$ROOT   SQL>   SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;   CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE   ---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------   2 4088301206 F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459PDB$SEED READ ONLY   3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE

我们现在连接的是CDB，即root container。

我们关闭CDB：

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SQL>shutdown immediate   Databaseclosed.   Databasedismounted.   ORACLEinstance shut down.

我们关闭CDB之前PDB 是没有关闭的，所以这个操作也会把PDB 关闭掉。

 

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SQL>startup   ORACLEinstance started.       TotalSystem Global Area 1269366784 bytes   FixedSize 2287912 bytes   VariableSize 788530904 bytes   DatabaseBuffers 469762048 bytes   RedoBuffers 8785920 bytes   Databasemounted.   Databaseopened.       SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs;       CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE   ---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------   2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY   3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED

注意这里的PDB，在CDB 启动之，PDB 是自动启动到mount状态，而不是OPEN。 所以我们还需要手工去open它，当然，也可以通过在CDB中配置触发器来自动open。

 

 

2 Pluggable Database (PDB)

 

PDB 的操作可以通过SQL*PLUS 来操作，也可以通过ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令操作。

 

2.1 使用SQL*Plus 命令

 

 

因为默认连接的是CDB,所以必须先指定PDB才可以通过sqlplus来启动和关闭PDB，

 

具体语法和普通实例一样：

 

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STARTUPFORCE;   STARTUPOPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICT];   STARTUPOPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICT];   STARTUPUPGRADE;   SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE];       SQL>show con_name       CON_NAME   ------------------------------   CDB$ROOT       SQL>selectcon_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;       CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE   -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------   2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY   3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED       注意这里是mount，表示PDB 是关闭的。       --指定PDB 数据库：   SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba;   Sessionaltered.       SQL>startup   PluggableDatabase opened.   SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;       CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE   -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------   3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE   SQL>

启动成功。 当我们切换到PDB之后，就看不到seed PDB的信息了。

 

 

2.2 使用ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令

 

如果在PDB中可以使用如下语法：

 

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ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];

 

如果是在CDB中，可以使用如下语法：

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ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED][FORCE];   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];

<pdd-name-clause>表示的是多个PDB，如果有多个，用逗号分开。 也可以使用ALL或者ALL EXCEPT关键字来替代。

 

ALL：表示所有的PDBS。

ALLEXCEPT 表示需要排除的PDBS。

 

如：

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ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 OPEN READ ONLY FORCE;   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;       ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;       ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 OPEN;   ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

示例：

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SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;   Sessionaltered.       SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;       CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE   -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------   2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY   3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE       SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE ;   Pluggabledatabase altered.       SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;       CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE   -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------   2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY   3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA MOUNTED       SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba;       Sessionaltered.       SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN;       Pluggabledatabase altered.       SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs;       CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE   -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------   3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA READ WRITE

 

3 设置Pluggable Database (PDB) 的自动startup

 

默认情况下，在CDB 启动的时候，all 的PDB 都是mount状态，也没有默认的机制，在CDB启动时自动启动PDB。

 

但这里可以通过触发器来实现PDB的自动open：

 

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CREATEOR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs   AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE   BEGIN   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN';   END open_pdbs;   /

示例：

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SQL>show con_name       CON_NAME   ------------------------------   PDBCNDBA   SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;       Sessionaltered.       SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs   2 AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE   3 BEGIN   4 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN';   5 ENDopen_pdbs;   6 /       Triggercreated.