好记性不如烂笔头！
MySQL多实例
实际上就是在同一台服务器上运行多个mysql服务进程。
相同点：公用同一套MySQL安装程序。
不同点：使用不同的配置文件（也可以相同）、启动程序（也可以相同）、数据库文件、端口号。
我理解的是类似同一套tomcat环境跑多个webapp项目，同一套python环境运行多个python程序。
环境准备
操作系统：CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
MySQL版本：5.7.20
一部岛国大片（编译时用）
MySQL5.7.20安装包下载
官网下载 MySQL Community Server 5.7.20
Operating System：Source Code
OS Version：Generic Linux
一种带boost版，一种不带。新版的MySQL都需要安装boost库，如果使用不带boost版的安装包还要单独再下载boost包，网上找了好多，下载地址都是
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz ，但是发现下载非常慢，后来直接下载带boost版的MySQL，将
里面的boost包拷贝出来，用来给不带boost版本的MySQL源码包编译用，其实这样还不如就直接下载带boost版本的MySQL源码包。
瞎扯那么多开始安装。
创建用户
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
安装boost库
如果下载的是不带boost版的MySQL源码包，那么需要先安装boost包。我用的mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz里的boost包。
如果下载的是带boost版的mysql源码包，那么这步直接跳转，记住boost包的位置就行了。
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz cd mysql-boost-5.7.20 cp -r ./boost /usr/local
编译MySQL
# 安装编译组件 yum install cmake make gcc gcc-c++ # 进入MySQL安装包目录 cd /opt/package/mysql-5.7.20 # 编译MySQL（看着参数挺多，挺牛逼，然而除了前面几个其它的都看不懂） cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_EDITLINE=bundled -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DENABLE_DTRACE=0 -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=0 -DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled -DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/user/local/boost ##### 注意boost包目录的路径 ##### # 不报错则执行make. 时间很长，虚拟机执行1个多小时。这时候就可以放一部岛国大片，时间长的，看完了，编译也就完成了！ make # 安装 make install
初始化数据库
# /data/dbdata_3306、/data/dbdata_3307 目录需要事先创建，初始化后会显示初始root密码,记下来登录的时候用，不然你会后悔的！ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql
创建配置文件
vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf
3306配置文件
[client] port = 3306 socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock [mysqld] datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/ skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 port = 3306 socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\u@\d \R:\m> [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192
vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf
3307配置文件
[client] port = 3307 socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock [mysqld] datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/ skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 port = 3307 socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\u@\d \R:\m> [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192
创建自启动文件
vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld
3306启动文件
#!/bin/bash
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="root"
mysql_password="123.com" # 注意：密码改成初始化数据库后修改的密码。
function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...
"
/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...
"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...
"
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -0 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -0 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql;;
kill)
function_kill_mysql;;
restart)
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql;;
*)
echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
esac
vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld
3307启动文件
#!/bin/bash
mysql_port=3307
mysql_username="root"
mysql_password="123.com" # 注意：密码改为初始化数据库后修改的密码。
function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...
"
/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...
"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...
"
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -0 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -0 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql;;
kill)
function_kill_mysql;;
restart)
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql;;
*)
echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
esac
启动3306、3307的MySQL
注意：如果启动报配置文件错误，那么哪行报错就在配置文件里注释哪行。
/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start
/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start
重置root初始密码
两种方法：
（1）通过mysqladmin修改
# mysql5.7之后的版本在安装后需要重置root初始密码，初始密码在初始化数据库的时候显示。如果你忘了，那么恭喜你，可以用跳过表权限--skip-grant-tables的方式启动MySQL。 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password '初始密码' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password '初始密码' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
（2）使用MySQL命令修改root密码（忘记了初始密码时可以用这招）
-- MySQL5.7.20 要求安装以后第一登录必须先重置初始密码，否则无法执行任何SQL命令
/*
特别提醒注意的一点是，5.7新版的mysql数据库下的user表中已经没有Password字段了
而是将加密后的用户密码存储于authentication_string字段
*/
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123.com') where user='root' and Host = 'localhost'; -- 5.7.20 新版本修改方式
update mysql.user set password=password('123.com') where user='root' and Host = 'localhost'; --老版本修改方式
flush privileges;
quit;
设置MySQL环境变量
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile
设置开机启动
echo '/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start' >> /etc/rc.local echo '/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start' >> /etc/rc.local
登录
mysql -uroot -p123.com -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock # 登录3306 mysql -uroot -p123.com -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock # 登录3307
注意：
1.忘记初始密码
如果忘记了初始密码可以去用户家目录下的.mysql_secret查看，当然只能看到第二个实例的安装密码。第一个实例的密码被覆盖了，需要以 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & 启动MySQL修改密码。
[root@mysql ~]# more ~/.mysql_secret # Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2018-03-27 06:51:10 z>lgk=X7d2o>
感谢oldboy，感谢各路大神！
多实例启动、二进制安装
5.7.20 带boost版本编译安装