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  • wpa_supplicant介绍与使用

    1.什么是wpa_spplicant

    wpa_supplicant本是开源项目源码,被谷歌修改后加入android移动平台,它主要是用来支持WEP,WPA/WPA2和WAPI无线协议和加密认证的,而实际上的工作内容是通过socket(不管是wpa_supplicant与上层还是wpa_supplicant与驱动都采用socket通讯)与驱动交互上报数据给用户,而用户可以通过socket发送命令给wpa_supplicant调动驱动来对WiFi芯片操作。 简单的说,wpa_supplicant就是WiFi驱动和用户的中转站外加对协议和加密认证的支持。

     

    2.wpa_supplicant无线网络配置

      目前可以使用wireless-tools 或wpa_supplicant工具来配置无线网络。请记住重要的一点是,对无线网络的配置是全局性的,而非针对具体的接口。

       wpa_supplicant是一个较好的选择,但缺点是它不支持所有的驱动。请浏览wpa_supplicant网站获得它所支持的驱动列表。另外,wpa_supplicant目前只能连接到那些你已经配置好ESSID的无线网络。wireless-tools支持几乎所有的无线网卡和驱动,但它不能连接到那些只支持WPA的AP。

        经过编译后的wpa_supplicant源程序可以看到两个主要的可执行工具:wpa_supplicant和wpa_cli。wpa_supplicant是核心程序,它和wpa_cli的关系就是服务和客户端的关系:后台运行wpa_supplicant,使用wpa_cli来搜索、设置、和连接网络。

           如何用wpa_supplicant使能一个wifi连接?

    Step by step:

    1、运行wpa_supplicant程序;

    执行:/system/bin/wpa_supplicant -d -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf

    其中:

    -d :增加调试信息

    -Dwext :wext,驱动名称

    -iwlan0 :wlan0,网络接口名称

    /system/bin/wpa_supplicant :wpa_supplicant可执行程序path

    /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf :wpa_supplicant的配置文件path

    2、运行命令行工具wpa_cli ;

    执行 :wpa_cli -iwlan0 -p/data/system/wpa_supplicant

    注,-p/data/system/wpa_supplicant中的wpa_supplicant并不是可执行程序,而是个控制套接字。

    此时会进入交互模式。其中交互模式的命令如下表:

    Full command

    Short command

    Description

    status

    stat

    displays the current connection status

    disconnect

    disc

    prevents wpa_supplicant from connecting to any access point

    quit

    q

    exits wpa_cli

    terminate

    term

    kills wpa_supplicant

    reconfigure

    recon

    reloads wpa_supplicant with the configuration file supplied (-c parameter)

    scan

    scan

    scans for available access points (only scans it, doesn't display anything)

    scan_result

    scan_r

    displays the results of the last scan

    list_networks

    list_n

    displays a list of configured networks and their status (active or not, enabled or disabled)

    select_network

    select_n

    select a network among those defined to initiate a connection (ie select_network 0)

    enable_network

    enable_n

    makes a configured network available for selection (ie enable_network 0)

    disable_network

    disable_n

    makes a configured network unavailable for selection (ie disable_network 0)

    remove_network

    remove_n

    removes a network and its configuration from the list (ie remove_network 0)

    add_network

    add_n

    adds a new network to the list. Its id will be created automatically

    set_network

    set_n

    shows a very short list of available options to configure a network when supplied with no parameters.

    See next section for a list of extremely useful parameters to be used with set_network and get_network.

    get_network

    get_n

    displays the required parameter for the specified network. See next section for a list of parameters

    save_config

    save_c

    saves the configuration


    设置网络的基本格式:set_network <network id> <key><parameter> [<parameter>]

    显示网络信息的基本格式:get_network <network id> <key>

    相应的参数如下表:

    Key

    Description

    Parameters

    ssid

    Access point name

    string

    id_str

    String identifying the network

    string

    priority

    Connection priority over other APs

    number (0 being the default low priority)

    bssid

    Mac address of the access point

    mac address

    scan_ssid

    Enable/disbale ssid scan

    0, 1, 2

    key_mgmt

    Type of key management

    WPA-PSK, WPA_EAP, None

    pairwise

    Pairwise ciphers for WPA

    CCMP, TKIP

    group=TKIP

    Group ciphers for WPA

    CCMP, TKIP, WEP104, WEP40

    psk

    Pre-Shared Key (clear or encrypted)

    string

    wep_key0

    WEP key (up to 4: wep_key[0123])

    string

    eap

    Extensible Authentication Protocol

    MD5, MSCHAPV2, OTP, GTC, TLS, PEAP, TTLS

    identity

    EAP identity string

    string

    password

    EAP password

    string

    ca_cert

    Pathname to CA certificate file

    /full/path/to/certificate

    client_cert

    Pathname to client certificate

    /full/path/to/certificate (PEM/DER)

    private_key

    Pathname to a client private key file

    /full/path/to/private_key (PEM/DER/PFX)

    eg.1、连接无加密的AP

    >add_network  (It will display a network id for you, assume it returns 0)

    >set_network 0 ssid "666"

    >set_network 0 key_mgmt NONE

    >enable_network 0

    >quit

    eg.2、连接WEP加密AP

    >add_network   (assume return 1)

    >set_network 1 ssid "666"

    >set_network 1 key_mgmt NONE

    >set_network 1 wep_key0 "your ap password"

    >enable_network 1

    eg.3、连接WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK加密的AP

    >add_network   (assume return 2)

    >set_network 2 ssid "666"

    >set_network 2 psk "your pre-shared key"

    >enable_network 2

    到此,wifi模块就能连接上AP了。

    3、以上是通过命令行工具wpa_cli来实现wifi网络的连接。当然,也可以通过wpa_supplicant的配置文件来实现连接。

    再回顾下运行wpa_supplicant时执行的命令:

    /system/bin/wpa_supplicant -d -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf

    我们在执行时加上了-c/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf,我们可以将我们要连接的AP的设置以一定的格式写入wpa_supplicant.conf配置文件中即可。

    eg. 

    ctrl_interface=DIR=/data/system/wpa_supplicant GROUP=system update_config=1

    network={

    ssid="my access point"

    proto=WPA

    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

    psk="you pass words"

    }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huazhen/p/3513961.html
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