支付组件：支付宝

1.申请开通沙箱环境

https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info

注册成功之后会获取两个值：

• APPID，2016102400754054

• 支付宝网关

• https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do（沙箱环境）

• https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do（真实环境网关）

2.生成秘钥

秘钥用于以后对URL中添加的参数进行加密和校验。

2.1 下载秘钥生成器

生成一对秘钥：

• 应用公钥

• 应用私钥

2.2 上传应用公钥并获得支付宝公钥

 

3.账户信息和测试APP

• 买家信息

  买家账号uppiav5017@sandbox.com
  登录密码111111
  支付密码111111
  用户名称沙箱环境
  证件类型身份证(IDENTITY_CARD)
  证件号码939581196106136440
  账户余额
  99999.00充值取现

• 商家信息

  商家账号ijcwgw5346@sandbox.com
  商户UID2088102180940005
  登录密码111111
  账户余额
  0.00充值取现

• APP 

• 

4.两种支持

• SDK，写好一个Python模块 https://opendocs.alipay.com/open/54/103419

  1. 安装模块
  2. 基于模块实现想要的功能

  pip install alipay-sdk-python==3.3.398
  ​
  # 不推荐

• API，就是给你提供的一个URL https://opendocs.alipay.com/apis/api_1/alipay.trade.page.pay

• from datetime import datetime
  from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
  from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5
  from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
  from urllib.parse import quote_plus
  from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
  from base64 import decodebytes, encodebytes
  import json
  
  
  class AliPay(object):
      """
      支付宝支付接口(PC端支付接口)
      """
  
      def __init__(self, appid, app_notify_url, app_private_key_path,
                   alipay_public_key_path, return_url):
          self.appid = appid
          self.app_notify_url = app_notify_url
          self.app_private_key_path = app_private_key_path
          self.app_private_key = None
          self.return_url = return_url
          with open(self.app_private_key_path) as fp:
              self.app_private_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())
          self.alipay_public_key_path = alipay_public_key_path
          with open(self.alipay_public_key_path) as fp:
              self.alipay_public_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())
  
      def direct_pay(self, subject, out_trade_no, total_amount, return_url=None, **kwargs):
          biz_content = {
              "subject": subject,
              "out_trade_no": out_trade_no,
              "total_amount": total_amount,
              "product_code": "FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY",
              # "qr_pay_mode":4
          }
  
          biz_content.update(kwargs)
          data = self.build_body("alipay.trade.page.pay", biz_content, self.return_url)
          return self.sign_data(data)
  
      def build_body(self, method, biz_content, return_url=None):
          data = {
              "app_id": self.appid,
              "method": method,
              "charset": "utf-8",
              "sign_type": "RSA2",
              "timestamp": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
              "version": "1.0",
              "biz_content": biz_content
          }
  
          if return_url is not None:
              data["notify_url"] = self.app_notify_url
              data["return_url"] = self.return_url
  
          return data
  
      def sign_data(self, data):
          data.pop("sign", None)
          # 排序后的字符串
          unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
          unsigned_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
          sign = self.sign(unsigned_string.encode("utf-8"))
          # ordered_items = self.ordered_data(data)
          quoted_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, quote_plus(str(v).encode("utf8"))) for k, v in unsigned_items)
  
          # 获得最终的订单信息字符串
          signed_string = quoted_string + "&sign=" + quote_plus(sign)
          return signed_string
  
      def ordered_data(self, data):
          complex_keys = []
          for key, value in data.items():
              if isinstance(value, dict):
                  complex_keys.append(key)
  
          # 将字典类型的数据dump出来
          for key in complex_keys:
              data[key] = json.dumps(data[key], separators=(',', ':'))
  
          return sorted([(k, v) for k, v in data.items()])
  
      def sign(self, unsigned_string):
          # 开始计算签名
          key = self.app_private_key
          signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
          signature = signer.sign(SHA256.new(unsigned_string))
          # base64 编码，转换为unicode表示并移除回车
          sign = encodebytes(signature).decode("utf8").replace("
  ", "")
          return sign
  
      def _verify(self, raw_content, signature):
          # 开始计算签名
          key = self.alipay_public_key
          signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
          digest = SHA256.new()
          digest.update(raw_content.encode("utf8"))
          if signer.verify(digest, decodebytes(signature.encode("utf8"))):
              return True
          return False
  
      def verify(self, data, signature):
          if "sign_type" in data:
              sign_type = data.pop("sign_type")
          # 排序后的字符串
          unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
          message = "&".join(u"{}={}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
          return self._verify(message, signature)

• from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
  from web import models
  import datetime,json
  from django_redis import get_redis_connection
  from utils.alipay import AliPay
  from utils.encrypt import uid
  from django.conf import settings
  
  def pay(request):
      conn = get_redis_connection()
      key = 'payment_{}'.format(request.tracer.user.phone)
      context_string = conn.get(key)
      if not context_string:
          return redirect('price')
      context = json.loads(context_string.decode('utf-8'))
  
      # 1. 数据库中生成交易记录（待支付）
      #     等支付成功之后，我们需要把订单的状态更新为已支付、开始&结束时间
      order_id = uid(request.tracer.user.phone)
      total_price = context['total_price']
      models.Transaction.objects.create(
          status=0,
          uid=order_id,
          user=request.tracer.user,
          price_policy_id=context['policy_id'],
          payment_number=context['number'],
          payment=total_price
      )
      # 生成支付链接
  
      ali_pay = AliPay(
          appid=settings.ALI_APPID,
          app_notify_url=settings.ALI_NOTIFY_URL,
          return_url=settings.ALI_RETURN_URL,
          app_private_key_path=settings.ALI_PRI_KEY_PATH,
          alipay_public_key_path=settings.ALI_PUB_KEY_PATH
      )
      query_params = ali_pay.direct_pay(
          subject="trace rpayment",  # 商品简单描述
          out_trade_no=order_id,  # 商户订单号
          total_amount=total_price
      )
      pay_url = "{}?{}".format(settings.ALI_GATEWAY, query_params)
      return redirect(pay_url)
  
  
  def pay_notify(request):
      """ 支付成功之后触发的URL """
      print(1111)
      ali_pay = AliPay(
          appid=settings.ALI_APPID,
          app_notify_url=settings.ALI_NOTIFY_URL,
          return_url=settings.ALI_RETURN_URL,
          app_private_key_path=settings.ALI_PRI_KEY_PATH,
          alipay_public_key_path=settings.ALI_PUB_KEY_PATH
      )
  
      if request.method == 'GET':
          # 只做跳转，判断是否支付成功了，不做订单的状态更新。
          # 支付吧会讲订单号返回：获取订单ID，然后根据订单ID做状态更新 + 认证。
          # 支付宝公钥对支付给我返回的数据request.GET 进行检查，通过则表示这是支付宝返还的接口。
          params = request.GET.dict()
          sign = params.pop('sign', None)
          status = ali_pay.verify(params, sign)
          print(status)
          if status:
  
              #数据库更改状态
              current_datetime = datetime.datetime.now()
              out_trade_no = params['out_trade_no']
              _object = models.Transaction.objects.filter(uid=out_trade_no).first()
  
              _object.status = 1
              _object.start_time = current_datetime
              _object.end_time = current_datetime + datetime.timedelta(days=365 * _object.payment_number)
              _object.save()
  
  
              return HttpResponse('支付完成')
          return HttpResponse('支付失败')
      else:
          from urllib.parse import parse_qs
          body_str = request.body.decode('utf-8')
          post_data = parse_qs(body_str)
          post_dict = {}
          for k, v in post_data.items():
              post_dict[k] = v[0]
  
          sign = post_dict.pop('sign', None)
          status = ali_pay.verify(post_dict, sign)
          if status:
              current_datetime = datetime.datetime.now()
              out_trade_no = post_dict['out_trade_no']
              _object = models.Transaction.objects.filter(uid=out_trade_no).first()
  
              _object.status = 1
              _object.start_time = current_datetime
              _object.end_time = current_datetime + datetime.timedelta(days=365 * _object.payment_number)
              _object.save()
              return HttpResponse('success')
  
          return HttpResponse('error')

  支付宝签名的过程：对参数进行处理，处理完之后再让他和网关拼接起来。 
  网关 = https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do
  params = {
      app_id:"2016102400754054",
      method:"alipay.trade.page.pay"
      format:"JSON",
      return_url:"支付成功之后跳转GET到的那个页面地址",
      notify_url:"同时偷偷想这个地址发送一个POST请求",
      charset:"utf-8",
      sign_type:"RSA2",
      sign:"签名",
      timestamp:"2014-07-24 03:07:50",
      version:'1.0',
      biz_content:{
          out_trade_no:"订单号",
          product_code:"FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY",
          total_amount:11.68,
          subject:"订单标题"
      }
  }
  
  1. 将参数中 空、文件、字节、sign 踢出。 
     params.pop(sign)
  
  2. 排序，对参数中所有的key进行从小大大排序 sort(params)
     并按照第一个字符的键值ASCII码递增排序（字母升序排序），如果遇到相同字符则按照第二个字符的键值ASCII码递增排序，以此类推。
  
  3. 将排序后的参数与其对应值，组合成“参数=参数值”的格式，并且把这些参数用&字符连接起来，此时生成的字符串为待签名字符串。
     待签名的字符串 = "app_id=2016102400754054&method=alipay.trade.page.pay"
  
     注意：1.有字典应该转换为字符串; 2.字符串中间不能有空格。
     json.dumps(info,separators=(",",":"))
  4.使用各自语言对应的SHA256WithRSA签名函数并利用商户（应用）私钥对待签名字符串进行签名，并进行Base64编码。
     result = 使用 SHA256WithRSA 函数和私钥对签名字符串进行签名
     签名 = 在对result进行Base64编码
  
     把签名再添加到会params字典中 params[sign] = 签名
      注意：base64编码之后之后，内部不能有换行符 签名.replace("
  ","")
      
  5.再讲所有的参数拼接起来。
      
      注意：在拼接URL时候不能出现 ;,(等字符， 提前将特殊字符转换URL转义的字符。
          from urllib.parse import quote_plus
  
  https://opendocs.alipay.com/open/291/105974
  https://opendocs.alipay.com/open/291/106118

  # pip3 install pycrypto
  pip3 install pycryptodemo
  
  
  # 如果是 pycryptodom.xxxx.whl  下载到本地，pip install pycryptodom.xxxx.whl

•  

  # 构造字典
  params = {
      'app_id': "2016102400754054",
      'method': 'alipay.trade.page.pay',
      'format': 'JSON',
      'return_url': "http://127.0.0.1:8001/pay/notify/",
      'notify_url': "http://127.0.0.1:8001/pay/notify/",
      'charset': 'utf-8',
      'sign_type': 'RSA2',
      'timestamp': datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
      'version': '1.0',
      'biz_content': json.dumps({
          'out_trade_no': order_id,
          'product_code': 'FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY',
          'total_amount': 1.11,
          'subject': "x1"
      }, separators=(',', ':'))
  }
  
  # 获取待签名的字符串
  unsigned_string = "&".join(["{0}={1}".format(k, params[k]) for k in sorted(params)])
  print(unsigned_string)
  
  # 签名 SHA256WithRSA(对应sign_type为RSA2)
  from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
  from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5
  from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
  from base64 import decodebytes, encodebytes
  
  # SHA256WithRSA + 应用私钥 对待签名的字符串 进行签名
  private_key = RSA.importKey(open("files/skd/应用私钥2048.txt").read())
  signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(private_key)
  signature = signer.sign(SHA256.new(unsigned_string.encode('utf-8')))
  
  # 对签名之后的执行进行base64 编码，转换为字符串
  sign_string = encodebytes(signature).decode("utf8").replace('
  ', '')
  
  # 把生成的签名赋值给sign参数，拼接到请求参数中。
  
  from urllib.parse import quote_plus
  result = "&".join(["{0}={1}".format(k, quote_plus(params[k])) for k in sorted(params)])
  result = result + "&sign=" + quote_plus(sign_string)
  
  gateway = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do"
  pay_url = "{}?{}".format(gateway, result)

   

5.常见报错：秘钥

 秘钥格式问题。