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  • Tomcat和apache的紧密结合

    Tomcat4.0.1最近刚刚发布,关于它如何集成在Apache中连Jakarta.apache.org的网站上还没有类似的文章,作者一拿到Tomcat4.0,便想着如何将这两个绝妙组合搭配在一起,因为Tomcat4.1支持jsp1.2和Servlet2.3,如果只把Tomcat作为一般调试程序用的工具的话,没有必要将它和Apache放在一起,但是如果作为商业用途来用的话,它的功能还略显单薄,所以我们需要一个强有力的Web服务器,为此,我选择了Apache。下面我就将这两者怎样结合写出来。
    一、需要的软件:
    1、Jdk1.3,这是所有Java程序必须的软件包
    2、Apache Web Server 1.3以上,在http://www.52jsp.com可以下载 1.3.22,笔者就用它。
    3、Mod_jk,这是Jakarta组织开发的使Apache支持Tomcat的插件,比ApacheJserv更强大,因为ApacheJserv只能用在Apache上,而不能用在别的WebServer 上,Mod_jk可以和很多服务器搭配起来用。大家可以到
    http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat/release/v3.3/bin/win32/i386/处下载win32的mod_jk,也可以在http://www.52jsp.com下载。
    4、Jakarta Tomcat4.0.1,这是Jakarta组织最新开发的支持Servlet2.3和jsp1.2的服务器。大家可以到http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat-4.0/release/v4.0.1/bin/ 处下载。
    5、Jdk1.3,这是所有都必须的
    二、安装:
    1、安装Jdk,我将它安装到e:\jdk1.3下
    2、安装Apache,安装它没有什么可说的,一路回车,不要忘了记住它的安装路径,我安装在E:\apache下。
    3、安装Mod_jk,只要将下载的mod_jk.dllcopy到安装Apache目录下的libexec下就可以了。
    4、安装Tomcat,下载的Win32版本是一个exe文件,没什么可说的,我将它安装在E:\Apache Tomcat 4.0这个目录下。
    三、 配置
    1、 首先,配置Jdk1.3,在你的环境变量里将JAVA_HOME设为E:\jdk1.3,具体做法为,WinNT/2000: 我的电脑?>属性?>高级?>环境变量,增加一个,值设为E:jdk1.3。如果为Win9X,那么手动修改Autoexec.bat增加Set JAVA_HOME=E:\jdk1.3,重启机器使设置生效。
    2、 配置Apache,修改Httpd.conf,增加的内容如下:
    LoadModule jk_module libexec/mod_jk.dll
    AddModule mod_jk.c
    JkWorkersFile "E:\Apache Tomcat 4.0\conf\workers.properties"
    JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
    JkLogLevel info
    JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
    JkMount /*.jsp ajp13
    JkMount /servlet/* ajp13
    对于上面的配置我简单介绍一下,JkWorkersFile使指定mod_jk工作所需要的工作文件,JkMount后面是将所有和jsp和servlet的请求通过Apj13的协议送给Tomcat,让Tomcat来处理。
    3、 在E:\Apache Tomcat4.0\conf目录下建一个worker.properties,如果你要是用过Tomcat3.2以上,将它里面的workers.properties拷贝过来也可以,但是要做相应的修改,workers.properties内容如下:
    # $Header: /home/cvs/jakarta-tomcat/src/etc/Attic/workers.properties,v 1.3.2.2 2000/10/16 01laugh.gif22 larryi Exp $
    # $Revision: 1.3.2.2 $
    # $Date: 2000/10/16 01laugh.gif22 $
    #
    #
    # workers.properties -
    #
    # This file provides jk derived plugins with with the needed information to
    # connect to the different tomcat workers.
    #
    # As a general note, the characters $( and ) are used internally to define
    # macros. Do not use them in your own configuration!!!
    #
    # Whenever you see a set of lines such as:
    # x=value
    # y=$(x)something
    #
    # the final value for y will be valuesomething
    #
    # Normaly all you will need to modify is the first properties, i.e.
    # workers.tomcat_home, workers.java_home and ps. Most of the configuration
    # is derived from these.
    #
    # When you are done updating workers.tomcat_home, workers.java_home and ps
    # you should have 3 workers configured:
    #
    # - An ajp12 worker that connects to localhost:8007
    # - An ajp13 worker that connects to localhost:8009
    # - A jni inprocess worker.
    # - A load balancer worker
    #
    # However by default the plugins will only use the ajp12 worker. To have
    # the plugins use other workers you should modify the worker.list property.
    #
    #
    #
    # workers.tomcat_home should point to the location where you
    # installed tomcat. This is where you have your conf, webapps and lib
    # directories.
    #
    workers.tomcat_home=E:\Apache Tomcat 4.0
    #
    # workers.java_home should point to your Java installation. Normally
    # you should have a bin and lib directories beneath it.
    #
    workers.java_home=e:\jdk1.3
    #
    # You should configure your environment slash... ps= on NT and / on UNIX
    # and maybe something different elsewhere.
    #
    ps=\
    # ps=/
    #
    #------ ADVANCED MODE ------------------------------------------------
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    #
    #------ DEFAULT worket list ------------------------------------------
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    #
    # The workers that your plugins should create and work with
    #
    worker.list=ajp12, ajp13

    #
    #------ DEFAULT ajp12 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    #
    # Defining a worker named ajp12 and of type ajp12
    # Note that the name and the type do not have to match.
    #
    worker.ajp12.port=8007
    worker.ajp12.host=localhost
    worker.ajp12.type=ajp12
    #
    # Specifies the load balance factor when used with
    # a load balancing worker.
    # Note:
    # ----> lbfactor must be > 0
    # ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
    worker.ajp12.lbfactor=1
    #
    #------ DEFAULT ajp13 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    #
    # Defining a worker named ajp13 and of type ajp13
    # Note that the name and the type do not have to match.
    #
    worker.ajp13.port=8009
    worker.ajp13.host=localhost
    worker.ajp13.type=ajp13
    #
    # Specifies the load balance factor when used with
    # a load balancing worker.
    # Note:
    # ----> lbfactor must be > 0
    # ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
    worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1
    #
    # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
    #worker.ajp13.cachesize
    #
    #------ DEFAULT LOAD BALANCER WORKER DEFINITION ----------------------
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    #
    # The loadbalancer (type lb) workers perform wighted round-robin
    # load balancing with sticky sessions.
    # Note:
    # ----> If a worker dies, the load balancer will check its state
    # once in a while. Until then all work is redirected to peer
    # workers.
    worker.loadbalancer.type=lb
    worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=ajp12, ajp13

    #
    #------ DEFAULT JNI WORKER DEFINITION---------------------------------
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    #
    # Defining a worker named inprocess and of type jni
    # Note that the name and the type do not have to match.
    #
    worker.inprocess.type=jni
    #
    #------ CLASSPATH DEFINITION -----------------------------------------
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    #
    # Additional class path components.
    #
    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)classes
    #
    # The XML parser provided with Tomcat
    #
    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)jaxp.jar
    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)parser.jar
    #
    # Tomcat`s implementation
    #
    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)jasper.jar
    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)servlet.jar
    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)webserver.jar
    #
    # Javac as available from Java2SE
    #
    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)tools.jar
    #
    # Setting the command line for tomcat
    # Note: The cmd_line string may not contain spaces.
    #
    worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-config
    worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)/conf/jni_server.xml
    worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-home
    worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)
    #
    # The JVM that we are about to use
    #
    # This is for Java2
    #
    worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)jre$(ps)bin$(ps)classic$(ps)jvm.dll
    #
    # And this is for jdk1.1.X
    #
    #worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)bin$(ps)javai.dll
    #
    #
    # Setting the place for the stdout and stderr of tomcat
    #
    worker.inprocess.stdout=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stdout
    worker.inprocess.stderr=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stderr
    #
    # Setting the tomcat.home Java property
    #
    worker.inprocess.sysprops=tomcat.home=$(workers.tomcat_home)
    #
    # Java system properties
    #
    # worker.inprocess.sysprops=java.compiler=NONE
    # worker.inprocess.sysprops=myprop=mypropvalue
    #
    # Additional path components.
    #
    # worker.inprocess.ld_path=d:$(ps)SQLLIB$(ps)bin
    #
    对于这个文件,大家要修改只有两个地方,一个是workers.tomcat_home,这是指定Tomcat工作的目录,另外一个是workers.java_home,这是指定Jdk的目录,大家可以做适当修改。
    4、 配置Tomcat,这可是比较重要的一步,成败在此一举。
    大家打开Tomcat的核心配置文件E:\Apache Tomcat4.0\conf\server.xml
    修改如下:
    将<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <!--
    <Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector"
    port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
    acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
    -->
    的<!-- --> 去掉,这句话熟悉XML的人都知道它是注释,因为默认的Tomcat4是没有启用Apj13的8009的端口即mod_jk所使用,修改后如下:
    <Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector"
    port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
    acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
    然后保存,现在你的Tomcat和Apache的配置基本完成了。下面我们开始测试。
    四、 测试:
    大家首先启动Apache,然后在浏览器里输入http://localhost,如果能看到Apache的欢迎页面,那么恭喜您,第一步成功了。然后回到Tomca目录下运行startup.bat启动Tomcat,再打开浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/ 如果看到可爱的Tomcat,那么恭喜您,Tomcat也没有问题,最后最重要的是Apache下可以解释jsp和Servlet,把下面的代码copy到文本编辑器中命名为hello.jsp,内容如下:
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312"%>
    <html>
    <body>
    <%String str="Hello World!";%>
    <%str=str+"你好";%>
    <%=str%>
    </body>
    </html>
    将它保存到E:\Apache\htdocs下,然后在浏览器里输入http://localhost/hello.jsp
    如果看到了Hello,那么您的确成功了,完成了通向jsp和servlet的第一步。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hugo/p/452334.html
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