[ python ] 项目二：主机批量管理程序

开发要求：

    1. 对主机进行批量管理
    2. 可对单台或主机组批量执行命令
    3. 可上传文件到对应的主机或组
    4. 使用多线程实现

 程序：

1. README

# 作者：hkey

# 博客地址：

# 功能实现：
    1. 对主机进行批量管理
    2. 可对单台或主机组批量执行命令
    3. 可上传文件到对应的主机或组
    4. 使用多线程实现
    
# 目录结构：

batch/
├── batch_server.py     # 启动程序
├── conf/    # 配置文件目录
│   ├── hosts.ini     # 主机信息配置文件
│   └── settings.py    # 程序配置文件
└── modules/     # 核心模块
    ├── batch_hosts.py     # 主机信息模块
    └── execute.py    # 执行命令模块
    
# 使用说明：

通过序号选择主机或组，'q'表示返回上一级；

2. 程序结构

3. 程序代码

启动程序：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os, configparser
from conf import settings
from modules import execute
from modules import batch_hosts
from multiprocessing import Process
import threading

configfile = settings.configfile
conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read(configfile)

config = batch_hosts.Config(conf, configfile)
if not os.path.isfile(configfile):
    config.create_conf()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    while True:
        for index, item in enumerate(conf.sections(), 1):   # 循环主机或组信息
            print(index, item)
        choice = input('-->').strip()
        if not choice: continue
        if choice == 'q':
            break
        if choice.isdigit() == False:
            print('输入编号错误，请重新输入。')
        elif int(choice) > len(conf.sections()) or int(choice) < 1:     # 输入的序号不在主机列表内
            print('编号不在列表中，请重新输入')
        else:
            section_host = config.show_host(choice)     # 通过choice 作为section索引获取主机信息字典
            section_index = int(choice) - 1
            print('[%s]'.center(30, '*') % conf.sections()[section_index])
            for host in section_host:
                print('主机IP：', host['ip'])
            print('[请输入要执行的命令]')
            while True:
                command = input('-->').strip()
                if not command: continue
                if command == 'q':
                    break
                process_list = []
                # 通过多线程运行，每一台主机任务通过一个线程去执行
                for host in section_host:
                    exec_cmd = execute.ExecCommand(host, command)
                    t = threading.Thread(target=exec_cmd.run,)
                    t.start()   # 并发执行，这里不需要join阻塞
                    process_list.append(t)
                for t in process_list:
                    t.join()

conf /

主机信息文件：

[host1]
password = 123456
username = root
ip = 192.168.118.15
port = 22

[host2]
password = 123456
username = root
ip = 192.168.118.16
port = 22

[web group]
group = host1,host2

 程序环境变量配置：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import  sys, os
import configparser

# 程序主目录
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR)

# 配置目录
CONF_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, r'conf')

# 配置文件目录
configfile = os.path.join(CONF_DIR, 'hosts.ini')

modules /

主机信息处理模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os
import configparser, paramiko
from conf import settings

class Config(object):
    '''对配置文件的创建和查看'''
    def __init__(self, config, configfile):
        self.configfile = configfile
        self.config = config
    def create_conf(self):
        '''创建配置文件'''
        self.config['host1'] = {
            'ip': '192.168.118.15',
            'port': 22,
            'username': 'root',
            'password': '123456'
        }
        self.config['host2'] = {
            'ip': '192.168.118.16',
            'port': 22,
            'username': 'root',
            'password': '123456'
        }
        self.config['web group'] = {
            'group': 'host1,host2'
        }
        with open(self.configfile, 'w') as file:
            self.config.write(file)

    def show_host(self, choice):
        '''获取主机信息字典'''
        print('choice', choice)
        section_index = int(choice) - 1
        section_name = self.config.sections()[section_index]
        section = self.config[section_name]
        host_data_list = []
        if 'group' in section:
            host_list = section['group'].split(',')
            for host in host_list:
                host_data_list.append(self.config[host])
        else:
            host_data_list.append(section)
        return host_data_list

命令执行模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import os

class ExecCommand(object):
    '''执行命令类'''
    def __init__(self, host, command):
        self.hostname = host['ip']
        self.port = int(host['port'])
        self.username = host['username']
        self.password = host['password']
        self.command = command

    def run(self):
        cmd = self.command.split()[0]
        if cmd.startswith('put') and hasattr(self, cmd):
            func = getattr(self, cmd)
            func()
        else:
            setattr(self, cmd, self.exec_command)
            func = getattr(self, cmd)
            func()

    def put(self):
        transport = paramiko.Transport(self.hostname, self.port)
        transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password)
        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
        sftp.put(self.command.split()[1], self.command.split()[2])
        transport.close()
        print('【%s】上传文件【%s】成功！' % (self.hostname, self.command.split()[1]))

    def exec_command(self):
        self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        self.ssh.connect(self.hostname, self.port, self.username, self.password)
        stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(self.command)
        res, err = stdout.read(), stderr.read()
        result = res if res else err    # 三元运算，默认stdout，错误登录 stderr
        print('[%s]'.center(80, '*') % self.hostname)
        print(result.decode())

程序运行如下图：