[ python ] 查询数据库生成Excel并发送邮件

开发要求：

　　由于管理后台导出数据非常缓慢，找程序员解决无果后，自己动手写了一个脚本，每天定时将报表发送给业务部门。

   　 1. 通过条件查询MySQL获取数据
       2. 将获取的数据写入到Excel中，对应字段名
       3. 将Excel作为附件内容，将邮件发送至相关人员

程序：

1. README

# 作者：hkey

# 博客地址：hukey.cnblogs.com

# http://www.cnblogs.com/hukey/p/8983831.html

# 目录结构：

    PS: 功能比较单一，为了方便管理写入了一个文件中，有如下两个类：
    
        CreateExcel: 查询数据库并生成Excel
        SendMail: 将Excel作为附件内容，将邮件发送至相关人员
    
# 使用说明：
    
    数据库信息和邮件信息内容都需要手动填写，确保无误;
    可实现发送至多人;

2. 数据库脚本：

-- MySQL dump 10.14  Distrib 5.5.56-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: user_info
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version    5.5.56-MariaDB

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `user`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(16) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `city` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `class` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `user`
--

LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1,'小飞','北京','三年二班'),(2,'小四','上海','三年一班'),(3,'小K','西安','三年三班');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2018-05-03  9:45:06

3. 程序代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Author: hkey
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
# from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
from email import encoders
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
import smtplib, os
import pymysql, xlwt

class CreateExcel(object):
    '''查询数据库并生成Excel文档'''
    def __init__(self, mysql_info):
        self.mysql_info = mysql_info
        self.conn = pymysql.connect(host = self.mysql_info['host'], port = self.mysql_info['port'],
                               user = self.mysql_info['user'], passwd = self.mysql_info['passwd'],
                               db = self.mysql_info['db'], charset='utf8')
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
    def getUserData(self, sql):
        # 查询数据库
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        table_desc = self.cursor.description
        result = self.cursor.fetchall()
        if not result:
            print('没数据。')
            # 返回查询数据、表字段
        print('数据库查询完毕'.center(30, '#'))
        return result, table_desc

    def writeToExcel(self, data, filename):
        # 生成Excel文档
        # 注意：生成Excel是一列一列写入的。
        result, fileds = data
        wbk = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
        # 创建一个表格
        sheet1 = wbk.add_sheet('sheet1', cell_overwrite_ok=True)
        for filed in range(len(fileds)):
            # Excel插入第一行字段信息
            sheet1.write(0, filed, fileds[filed][0]) # (行，列，数据)

        for row in range(1, len(result)+1):
            # 将数据从第二行开始写入
            for col in range(0, len(fileds)):
                sheet1.write(row, col, result[row-1][col]) #(行, 列, 数据第一行的第一列)
        wbk.save(filename)
    def close(self):
        # 关闭游标和数据库连接
        self.cursor.close()
        self.conn.close()
        print('关闭数据库连接'.center(30, '#'))
class SendMail(object):
    '''将Excel作为附件发送邮件'''
    def __init__(self, email_info):
        self.email_info = email_info
        # 使用SMTP_SSL连接端口为465
        self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.email_info['server'], self.email_info['port'])
        # 创建两个变量
        self._attachements = []
        self._from = ''
    def login(self):
        # 通过邮箱名和smtp授权码登录到邮箱
        self._from = self.email_info['user']
        self.smtp.login(self.email_info['user'], self.email_info['password'])
    # def _format_addr(self, s):
    #     name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    #     return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    def add_attachment(self):
        # 添加附件内容
        # 注意：添加附件内容是通过读取文件的方式加入
        file_path = self.email_info['file_path']
        with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
            filename = os.path.split(file_path)[1]
            mime = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream', filename=filename)
            mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', filename))
            mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
            mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
            mime.set_payload(file.read())
            encoders.encode_base64(mime)
            # 添加到列表，可以有多个附件内容
            self._attachements.append(mime)

    def sendMail(self):
        # 发送邮件，可以实现群发
        msg = MIMEMultipart()
        contents = MIMEText(self.email_info['content'], 'plain', 'utf-8')
        msg['From'] = self.email_info['user']
        msg['To'] = self.email_info['to']
        msg['Subject'] = self.email_info['subject']

        for att in self._attachements:
            # 从列表中提交附件，附件可以有多个
            msg.attach(att)
        msg.attach(contents)
        try:
            self.smtp.sendmail(self._from, self.email_info['to'].split(','), msg.as_string())
            print('邮件发送成功，请注意查收'.center(30, '#'))
        except Exception as e:
            print('Error:', e)

    def close(self):
        # 退出smtp服务
        self.smtp.quit()
        print('logout'.center(30, '#'))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 数据库连接信息
    mysql_dict = {
        'host': '192.168.118.13',
        'port': 3306,
        'user': 'root',
        'passwd': '123456',
        'db': 'user_info'
    }
    # 邮件登录及内容信息
    email_dict = {
    # 手动填写，确保信息无误
        "user": "xxx@126.com",    
        "to": "xxx@qq.com, xxx@qq.com", # 多个邮箱以','隔开；
        "server": "smtp.126.com",
        'port': 465,    # values值必须int类型
        "username": "xxx@126.com",
        "password": "xxxx",
        "subject": "user测试表",
        "content": '用户测试数据',
        'file_path': 'example.xls'
    }

    sql = 'select * from user'
    # filename = 'example.xls'
    create_excel = CreateExcel(mysql_dict)
    sql_res = create_excel.getUserData(sql)
    create_excel.writeToExcel(sql_res,email_dict['file_path'])
    create_excel.close()
    sendmail = SendMail(email_dict)
    sendmail.login()
    sendmail.add_attachment()
    sendmail.sendMail()
    sendmail.close()

运行结果：