A robot is located at the top-left corner of a m x n grid (marked 'Start' in the diagram below).
The robot can only move either down or right at any point in time. The robot is trying to reach the bottom-right corner of the grid (marked 'Finish' in the diagram below).
How many possible unique paths are there?
Above is a 3 x 7 grid. How many possible unique paths are there?
Note: m and n will be at most 100.
思路1:
一上去就觉得是简单题:
如果当前格位于第m行或第n列,则只有一种路径;
否则当前格路径数等于“右格路径数”+“下格路径数”;
代码(未AC):
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 int uniquePaths(int m, int n) { 4 if (m == 1 || n == 1) 5 return 1; 6 7 return uniquePaths(m - 1, n) + uniquePaths(m, n - 1); 8 } 9 };
结果提示超时了。
思路2:
考虑超时原因很可能是使用了函数递归,为避免使用递归,新建一个m*n的矩阵空间用于保存每个点计算的路径数。用新建空间保存结果,代替递归。
代码(AC):
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 int uniquePaths(int m, int n) { 4 vector<vector<int> > grid(m, vector<int>(n, 1)); 5 for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) { 6 for (int j = 1; j < n; ++j) { 7 grid[i][j] = grid[i-1][j] + grid[i][j-1]; 8 } 9 } 10 11 return grid[m-1][n-1]; 12 } 13 };
思路3:
上述代码时间复杂度o(m*n),空间复杂度o(m*n),通过观察路径数量规律,还可以减少空间复杂度为o(n)。
已知grid[i][j] = grid[i-1][j] + grid[i][j-1];
进一步将后一项grid[i][j-1]替换为grid[i-1][j-1] + grid[i][j-2];
不断查分后一项,最终grid[i][j] = grid[i-1][j] + grid[i-1][j-1] + grid[i-1][j-2] + ... + grid[i-1][1] + grid[i][0];
又因为grid[i][0] = grid[i-1][0] = 1;
所以grid[i][j] 就等于第i-1行,从0到j所有元素之和;
得到了这个规律,我们只需要一个长度为n的数组col,通过第0行计算第1行,并不断迭代,最终得到第m行格子存在的路径数,此时col[n-1]即为所求.
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 int uniquePaths(int m, int n) { 4 vector<int> col(n, 1); 5 for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) { 6 for (int j = 1; j < n; ++j) { 7 col[j] = col[j-1] + col[j]; 8 } 9 } 10 11 return col[n-1]; 12 } 13 };
思路4:
可以通过分析排列组合暴力求解:
从格子起始,一共需要移动n+m-2步,可以到达终点。
这n+m-2步中,有m-1步需要向下移动。
问题转化为,从n+m-2步中,选择m-1步向下移动,有多少种选择方法。
因此通过计算Combination(n+m-2, m-1)即可求得答案.
代码(超时):
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 int uniquePaths(int m, int n) { 4 long long dividend = 1; 5 long long divisor = 1; 6 for (int i = 1; i <= m - 1; ++i) { 7 dividend *= i + n - 1; 8 divisor *= i; 9 } 10 11 return int(dividend / divisor); 12 } 13 };
代码超时,未AC,正要放弃,看了讨论区的代码..原来用浮点数直接除,结果是正确的;
即(代码AC):
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 int uniquePaths(int m, int n) { 4 double res = 1; 5 for (int i = 1; i <= m - 1; ++i) { 6 res = res * (i + n - 1) / i; 7 } 8 9 return int(res); 10 } 11 };