#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//类
class List
{
public:
//构造器初始化,生成头节点
List()
{
head = new Node;
head->next = NULL;
}
//成员函数
void createList();
void insertList(int data);
void travelList(int chance);
void input();
int addNode();
void deleteData(int addNum);
void ifClear();
void clearList();
//重载下标
int operator[](int idx);
//重载+
friend List operator+(List& List_1, List& List_2);
//重载-
friend List operator-(List& List_1, List& List_2);
//重载<<
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, List& list);
//重载>>
friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, List& list);
//冒泡排序
void bubbleSortList(List& list);
private:
//数据成员
struct Node
{
int data; //数据域
struct Node* next; //指针域
} *head;//头指针
int num;//链表元素个数
};
//头插法生成节点
void List::insertList(int data)
{
Node* cur = new Node;
//插入数据
cur->data = data;
//插入节点
cur->next = head->next;
head->next = cur;
}
//调用insertList输入数据,生成链表
void List::input()
{
cout << "请输入链表数量长度:";
cin >> num;
srand(time(NULL));
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
insertList(rand() % 100);
}
}
//任意位置插入节点
int List::addNode()
{
int d, idx;
cout << "请输入你要插入的节点数据:";
cin >> d;
cout << "请输入你要插入的节点位置: ";
cin >> idx;
Node* tp = NULL;
Node* link = head;
//寻找插入位置
if (idx<1 || idx>num + 1)
{
cout << "操作非法" << endl;
return num;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < idx; i++)
{
tp = link;
link = link->next;
}
Node* cur = new Node;
tp->next = cur;
cur->data = d;
cur->next = link;
travelList(1);
return ++num;
}
}
ofstream mycout1("D:/text1.txt");
ofstream mycout2("D:/text2.txt");
//遍历链表并将数据存入文件
void List::travelList(int chance)
{
Node* temp = head->next; //防止头指针地址改变
while (temp != NULL)
{
cout << temp->data << " ";
if (chance == 1)
mycout1 << temp->data << " ";
else
mycout2 << temp->data << " ";
temp = temp->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
//删除节点
void List::deleteData(int addNum)
{
int i, j = 0;
cout << "请问您要删除第几个数据: ";
cin >> i;
Node* tp = NULL;
Node* link = head;//link为删除节点后面的一个节点,temp为删除节点
if (addNum < i || i < 0)
cout << "操作非法!!" << endl;
else
{
while (link->next)
{
tp = link->next; //第一个节点
j++;
if (i == j) //找的删除的节点
{
link->next = tp->next;
delete tp;
break;
}
link = link->next;
}
travelList(1);
}
}
//清空链表
void List::clearList()
{
Node* tp = NULL;
Node* ph = head->next;
while (head->next)
{
tp = ph;
ph = ph->next;
delete tp;
head->next = ph;
}
travelList(1);
cout << endl;
}
//询问是否清空
void List::ifClear()
{
string i;
if (!head->next)
{
cout << "链表已清空!!!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "是否清空链表(是/否):";
cin >> i;
if (i == "是")
{
clearList();
cout << "链表清空完成!!!" << endl;
}
else
cout << "链表未清空!!!" << endl;
}
}
//冒泡排序
void List::bubbleSortList(List& list)
{
//求list链表长度len
int len=0;
//临时指针phead
Node* phead = list.head->next;
while (phead)
{
len++;
phead = phead->next;
}
//冒泡排序
for (int i=0;i<len-1; i++)
{
//phead指向头结点
phead = list.head;
//ph1指向首元结点
Node* ph1 = phead->next;
//ph2指向首元结点的后继
Node* ph2 = ph1->next;
//进入循环冒出最大的数
for (int j = 0; j < len - 1 - i; j++)
{
//如果前面的值大于后面的值则交换
if (ph1->data > ph2->data)
{
phead->next = ph2;
ph1->next = ph2->next;
ph2->next = ph1;
//结点交换后,ph1与ph2位置颠倒回来
Node* temp = ph1;
ph1 = ph2;
ph2 = temp;
}
//如果不需要交换,三指针移动
phead = phead->next;
ph1 = ph1->next;
ph2 = ph2->next;
}
}
//打印结点数据
phead = list.head->next;
while (phead)
{
cout << phead->data << " ";
phead = phead->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
//下标重载
int List::operator[](int idx)
{
//临时指针temp,为了防止头指针改变
Node* temp = head;
//如果下标小于链表长度进行取值
if (idx < num)
{
for (int i = 0; i < idx; i++)
{
temp = temp->next;
}
}
return temp->data;
}
//+ 重载
List operator +(List & List_1, List & List_2)
{
//由链表1生成链表3
List List_3;
//生成临时指针temp_1
List::Node* temp_1 = List_1.head->next;
//把链表1的值给链表3
while (temp_1)
{
List_3.insertList(temp_1->data);
temp_1 = temp_1->next;
}
//生成临时指针temp_2
List::Node* temp_2 = List_2.head->next;
//把链表2的值给链表3
while (temp_2)
{
List_3.insertList(temp_2->data);
temp_2 = temp_2->next;
}
return List_3;
}
//- 重载
List operator -(List & List_1, List & List_2)
{
//生成链表4
List List_4;
//生成临时指针temp_1,temp_2
List::Node* temp_1 = List_1.head->next;
List::Node* temp_2 = List_2.head->next;
//flag为1链表2有链表1的值,为0则没有
int flag = 0;
//比较链表一和链表二,不等就将数据存入List_4
while (temp_1)
{
//临时指针temp_2回溯
temp_2 = List_2.head->next;
while (temp_2)
{
//判断是否有相同值
if (temp_1->data == temp_2->data)
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
//指针移动
temp_2 = temp_2->next;
}
//没有相同值List_4则插入数据
if (!flag)
{
List_4.insertList(temp_1->data);
}
//指针移动,开始下一轮对比
temp_1 = temp_1->next;
flag = 0;
}
return List_4;
}
//重载<<
ostream& operator<<(ostream & os, List & list)
{
list.bubbleSortList(list);
return os;
}
//重载>>
istream &operator>>(istream & is, List & list)
{
int size, i=0;
cout << "(输入链表长度):";
is >> size;
//当i<size时录入数据
while (i < size)
{
int data;
is >> data;
//插入数据
list.insertList(data);
i++;
}
return is;
}
int main()
{
//初始化,生成List_1
List List_1;
//输入链表长度
List_1.input();
//遍历链表,并存入text1文件
List_1.travelList(1);
//添加节点并返回总结点数
int addNum = List_1.addNode();
//删除节点
List_1.deleteData(addNum);
//初始化,生成List_2
List List_2;
//输入链表长度
List_2.input();
//遍历链表,并存入text2文件
List_2.travelList(2);
//重载下标
cout << "取链表2的第二个元素:";
cout << List_2[2]<<endl;
//重载+
List List_3;
List_3 = List_1 + List_2;
cout << "两链表+为:";
List_3.bubbleSortList(List_3);
//重载-
List List_4;
List_4 = List_1 - List_2;
cout << "两链表-为:";
List_4.bubbleSortList(List_4);
//重载<<
cout << "cout<<List_4:";
cout << List_4 << endl;
//重载>>
List List_5;
cout << "cin>>List_5";
cin >> List_5;
cout << "链表List_5: " << List_5;
//询问是否清空链表1
List_1.ifClear();
//关闭打开的文件
mycout1.close();
mycout2.close();
return 0;
}
用类创建单链表时,可以将结构体封装为私有成员,在构造函数中初始化链表极为方便;链表的删除操作需要先进行遍历,并且遍历途中不能随意改变头结点的位置,所以在进行链表的操作时,皆需要临时变量防止头指针改变;除此之外,在进行冒泡排序时,需要画图理清逻辑,虽然比较过后,链表的连接方式改变了,但是ph1与ph2位置颠倒,需要互换回来,使下一次比较正常运行;运算符“+”号重载时,如果直接由链表1生成链表3,在进行减操作时,会发现链表1随链表3的改变而改变了,导致在进行“-”操作时出错,后在“+”操作时,对链表3进行逐一赋值,问题得到解决。总的来说,此次试验对友元函数和运算符重载有了新的收获,例如如果将”<<”重载,”<<”会根据你输出的内容来调用相应的函数,从而在使用cout时更为方便。