OpenCV之CvMat、Mat、IplImage之间相互转换实例(转)

OpenCV学习之CvMat的用法详解及实例

    CvMat是OpenCV比较基础的函数。初学者应该掌握并熟练应用。但是我认为计算机专业学习的方法是，不断的总结并且提炼，同时还要做大量的实践，如编码，才能记忆深刻，体会深刻，从而引导自己想更高层次迈进。

1.初始化矩阵： 

方式一、逐点赋值式： 

CvMat* mat = cvCreateMat( 2, 2, CV_64FC1 );
cvZero( mat );
cvmSet( mat, 0, 0, 1 );
cvmSet( mat, 0, 1, 2 );
cvmSet( mat, 1, 0, 3 );
cvmSet( mat, 2, 2, 4 );
cvReleaseMat( &mat ); 

方式二、连接现有数组式： 

double a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4,    5, 6, 7, 8,    9, 10, 11, 12 };
CvMat mat = cvMat( 3, 4, CV_64FC1, a ); // 64FC1 for double
// 不需要cvReleaseMat，因为数据内存分配是由double定义的数组进行的。 

2.IplImage <----->cvMat的转换 

A.CvMat-> IplImage

IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(mat),8,1);
cvGetImage(matI,img);

cvSaveImage("rice1.bmp",img);

B.IplImage -> CvMat

IplImage* img = cvLoadimage("leda.jpg",1);

法2：CvMat *mat = cvCreateMat( img->height, img->width, CV_64FC3 );
     cvConvert( img, mat );

法1：CvMat mathdr;

          CvMat  *mat = cvGetMat( img, &mathdr );

3.IplImage <--->Mat的转换 

（1）将IplImage----- > Mat类型

Mat::Mat(const IplImage* img, bool copyData=false);

默认情况下，新的Mat类型与原来的IplImage类型共享图像数据，转换只是创建一个Mat矩阵头。当将参数copyData设为true后，就会复制整个图像数据。

例：

IplImage*iplImg = cvLoadImage("greatwave.jpg", 1);

Matmtx(iplImg); // IplImage* ->Mat 共享数据

// or : Mat mtx = iplImg; 或者是：Mat mtx(iplImg,0); // 0是不复制影像，也就是iplImg的data共用同个记意位置，header各自有

（2）将Mat类型转换-----> IplImage类型

同样只是创建图像头，而没有复制数据。

例：

IplImage ipl_img = img; // Mat -> IplImage

IplImage*-> BYTE*

BYTE* data= img->imageData;

4.CvMat<--->Mat的转换

（1）将CvMat类型转换为Mat类型

B.CvMat->Mat

与IplImage的转换类似，可以选择是否复制数据。

CvMat*m= cvCreatMat(int rows ,int cols , int type);

Mat::Mat(const CvMat* m, bool copyData=false);

在openCV中，没有向量（vector）的数据结构。任何时候，但我们要表示向量时，用矩阵数据表示即可。

但是，CvMat类型与我们在线性代数课程上学的向量概念相比，更抽象，比如CvMat的元素数据类型并不仅限于基础数据类型，比如，下面创建一个二维数据矩阵：

 CvMat*m= cvCreatMat(int rows ,int cols , int type);

这里的type可以是任意的预定义数据类型，比如RGB或者别的多通道数据。这样我们便可以在一个CvMat矩阵上表示丰富多彩的图像了。

（2）将Mat类型转换为CvMat类型

与IplImage的转换类似，不复制数据，只创建矩阵头。

例：

// 假设Mat类型的imgMat图像数据存在

CvMat cvMat = imgMat; // Mat -> CvMat

5.cv::Mat--->const cvArr*

cvArr * 数组的指针。就是opencv里面的一种类型。

Mat img;
const CvArr* s=(CvArr*)&img;

上面就可以了，CvArr是Mat的虚基类，所有直接强制转换就可以了

void cvResize( src 就是之前的lplimage类型的一个指针变量

6.cvArr(IplImage或者cvMat)转化为cvMat

方式一、cvGetMat方式：

int coi = 0;
cvMat *mat = (CvMat*)arr;
if( !CV_IS_MAT(mat) )
{
    mat = cvGetMat( mat, &matstub, &coi );
    if (coi != 0) reutn; // CV_ERROR_FROM_CODE(CV_BadCOI);
}

写成函数为：

// This is just an example of function
// to support both IplImage and cvMat as an input
CVAPI( void ) cvIamArr( const CvArr* arr )
{
    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvIamArr" );
    __BEGIN__;
    CV_ASSERT( mat == NULL );
    CvMat matstub, *mat = (CvMat*)arr;
    int coi = 0;
    if( !CV_IS_MAT(mat) )
    {
        CV_CALL( mat = cvGetMat( mat, &matstub, &coi ) );
        if (coi != 0) CV_ERROR_FROM_CODE(CV_BadCOI);
    }
    // Process as cvMat
    __END__;
} 

7.图像直接操作

方式一：直接数组操作 int col, row, z;

uchar b, g, r;
for( row = 0; row < img->height; y++ )
{
   for ( col = 0; col < img->width; col++ )
   {
     b = img->imageData[img->widthStep * row + col * 3]
     g = img->imageData[img->widthStep * row + col * 3 + 1];
     r = img->imageData[img->widthStep * row + col * 3 + 2];
   }
}

方式二：宏操作：

int row, col;
uchar b, g, r;
for( row = 0; row < img->height; row++ )
{
   for ( col = 0; col < img->width; col++ )
   {
     b = CV_IMAGE_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col * 3 );
     g = CV_IMAGE_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col * 3 + 1 );
     r = CV_IMAGE_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col * 3 + 2 );
   }
}

注：CV_IMAGE_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col * img->nChannels + ch ) 

8.cvMat的直接操作

数组的直接操作比较郁闷，这是由于其决定于数组的数据类型。 

对于CV_32FC1 (1 channel float)：

CvMat* M = cvCreateMat( 4, 4, CV_32FC1 );
M->data.fl[ row * M->cols + col ] = (float)3.0; 

对于CV_64FC1 (1 channel double)：

CvMat* M = cvCreateMat( 4, 4, CV_64FC1 );
M->data.db[ row * M->cols + col ] = 3.0; 

一般的，对于1通道的数组：

CvMat* M = cvCreateMat( 4, 4, CV_64FC1 );
CV_MAT_ELEM( *M, double, row, col ) = 3.0;

注意double要根据数组的数据类型来传入，这个宏对多通道无能为力。 

对于多通道：
看看这个宏的定义：

#define CV_MAT_ELEM_CN( mat, elemtype, row, col ) 
    (*(elemtype*)((mat).data.ptr + (size_t)(mat).step*(row) + sizeof(elemtype)*(col)))
if( CV_MAT_DEPTH(M->type) == CV_32F )
    CV_MAT_ELEM_CN( *M, float, row, col * CV_MAT_CN(M->type) + ch ) = 3.0;
if( CV_MAT_DEPTH(M->type) == CV_64F )
    CV_MAT_ELEM_CN( *M, double, row, col * CV_MAT_CN(M->type) + ch ) = 3.0;

更优化的方法是：

   #define CV_8U   0
   #define CV_8S   1
   #define CV_16U 2
   #define CV_16S 3
   #define CV_32S 4
   #define CV_32F 5
   #define CV_64F 6
   #define CV_USRTYPE1 7 

int elem_size = CV_ELEM_SIZE( mat->type );
for( col = start_col; col < end_col; col++ ) {
    for( row = 0; row < mat->rows; row++ ) {
        for( elem = 0; elem < elem_size; elem++ ) {
            (mat->data.ptr + ((size_t)mat->step * row) + (elem_size * col))[elem] =
                (submat->data.ptr + ((size_t)submat->step * row) + (elem_size * (col - start_col)))[elem];
        }
    }
} 

对于多通道的数组，以下操作是推荐的：

for(row=0; row< mat->rows; row++)
    {
        p = mat->data.fl + row * (mat->step/4);
        for(col = 0; col < mat->cols; col++)
        {
            *p = (float) row+col;
            *(p+1) = (float) row+col+1;
            *(p+2) =(float) row+col+2;
            p+=3;
        }
    }

对于两通道和四通道而言：

CvMat* vector = cvCreateMat( 1, 3, CV_32SC2 );
CV_MAT_ELEM( *vector, CvPoint, 0, 0 ) = cvPoint(100,100); 

CvMat* vector = cvCreateMat( 1, 3, CV_64FC4 );
CV_MAT_ELEM( *vector, CvScalar, 0, 0 ) = cvScalar(0,0,0,0); 

9.间接访问cvMat

cvmGet/Set是访问CV_32FC1 和 CV_64FC1型数组的最简便的方式，其访问速度和直接访问几乎相同
cvmSet( mat, row, col, value );
cvmGet( mat, row, col );
举例：打印一个数组

inline void cvDoubleMatPrint( const CvMat* mat )
{
    int i, j;
    for( i = 0; i < mat->rows; i++ )
    {
        for( j = 0; j < mat->cols; j++ )
        {
            printf( "%f ",cvmGet( mat, i, j ) );
        }
        printf( "
" );
    }
} 

而对于其他的，比如是多通道的后者是其他数据类型的，cvGet/Set2D是个不错的选择
CvScalar scalar = cvGet2D( mat, row, col );
cvSet2D( mat, row, col, cvScalar( r, g, b ) ); 

注意：数据不能为int，因为cvGet2D得到的实质是double类型。
举例：打印一个多通道矩阵：

inline void cv3DoubleMatPrint( const CvMat* mat )
{
    int i, j;
    for( i = 0; i < mat->rows; i++ )
    {
        for( j = 0; j < mat->cols; j++ )
        {
            CvScalar scal = cvGet2D( mat, i, j );
            printf( "(%f,%f,%f) ", scal.val[0], scal.val[1], scal.val[2] );
        }
        printf( "
" );
    }
} 

10.修改矩阵的形状——cvReshape的操作

经实验表明矩阵操作的进行的顺序是：首先满足通道，然后满足列，最后是满足行。
注意：这和Matlab是不同的，Matlab是行、列、通道的顺序。
我们在此举例如下：
对于一通道：

// 1 channel
CvMat *mat, mathdr;
double data[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14,
                   21, 22, 23, 24,
                   31, 32, 33, 34 };
CvMat* orig = &cvMat( 3, 4, CV_64FC1, data );
//11 12 13 14
//21 22 23 24
//31 32 33 34
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 1 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
// 11 12 13 14 21 22 23 24 31 32 33 34
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
//11 12 13 14
//21 22 23 24
//31 32 33 34
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 12 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
// 11
// 12
// 13
// 14
// 21
// 22
// 23
// 24
// 31
// 32
// 33
// 34
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
//11 12 13 14
//21 22 23 24
//31 32 33 34
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 2 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
//11 12 13 14 21 22
//23 24 31 32 33 34
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
//11 12 13 14
//21 22 23 24
//31 32 33 34
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 6 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
// 11 12
// 13 14
// 21 22
// 23 24
// 31 32
// 33 34
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
//11 12 13 14
//21 22 23 24
//31 32 33 34
// Use cvTranspose and cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 2 ) to get
// 11 23
// 12 24
// 13 31
// 14 32
// 21 33
// 22 34
// Use cvTranspose again when to recover

对于三通道：

CvMat mathdr, *mat;
double data[] = { 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123,211, 212, 213, 221, 222, 223 };
CvMat* orig = &cvMat( 2, 2, CV_64FC3, data );
//(111,112,113) (121,122,123)
//(211,212,213) (221,222,223)
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 3, 1 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cv3DoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
// (111,112,113) (121,122,123) (211,212,213) (221,222,223)
// concatinate in column first order
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 1 );// new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
// 111 112 113 121 122 123 211 212 213 221 222 223
// concatinate in channel first, column second, row third
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 3); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
//111 112 113 121
//122 123 211 212
//213 221 222 223
// channel first, column second, row third
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 4 ); // new_ch, new_rows
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above
//111 112 113
//121 122 123
//211 212 213
//221 222 223
// channel first, column second, row third
// memorize this transform because this is useful to
// add (or do something) color channels
CvMat* mat2 = cvCreateMat( mat->cols, mat->rows, mat->type );
cvTranspose( mat, mat2 );
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat2 ); // above
//111 121 211 221
//112 122 212 222
//113 123 213 223
cvReleaseMat( &mat2 ); 

11.计算色彩距离

我们要计算img1,img2的每个像素的距离，用dist表示，定义如下

IplImage *img1 = cvCreateImage( cvSize(w,h), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3 );
IplImage *img2 = cvCreateImage( cvSize(w,h), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3 );
CvMat *dist = cvCreateMat( h, w, CV_64FC1 );

比较笨的思路是：
代码如下：

cvSplit->cvSub->cvMul->cvAdd
IplImage *img1B = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );
IplImage *img1G = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );
IplImage *img1R = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );
IplImage *img2B = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );
IplImage *img2G = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );
IplImage *img2R = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );
IplImage *diff    = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1 );
cvSplit( img1, img1B, img1G, img1R );
cvSplit( img2, img2B, img2G, img2R );
cvSub( img1B, img2B, diff );
cvMul( diff, diff, dist );
cvSub( img1G, img2G, diff );
cvMul( diff, diff, diff);
cvAdd( diff, dist, dist );
cvSub( img1R, img2R, diff );
cvMul( diff, diff, diff );
cvAdd( diff, dist, dist );
cvReleaseImage( &img1B );
cvReleaseImage( &img1G );
cvReleaseImage( &img1R );
cvReleaseImage( &img2B );
cvReleaseImage( &img2G );
cvReleaseImage( &img2R );
cvReleaseImage( &diff ); 

比较聪明的思路是：

int D = img1->nChannels; // D: Number of colors (dimension)
int N = img1->width * img1->height; // N: number of pixels
CvMat mat1hdr, *mat1 = cvReshape( img1, &mat1hdr, 1, N ); // N x D(colors)
CvMat mat2hdr, *mat2 = cvReshape( img2, &mat2hdr, 1, N ); // N x D(colors)
CvMat diffhdr, *diff = cvCreateMat( N, D, CV_64FC1 ); // N x D, temporal buff
cvSub( mat1, mat2, diff );
cvMul( diff, diff, diff );
dist = cvReshape( dist, &disthdr, 1, N ); // nRow x nCol to N x 1
cvReduce( diff, dist, 1, CV_REDUCE_SUM ); // N x D to N x 1
dist = cvReshape( dist, &disthdr, 1, img1->height ); // Restore N x 1 to nRow x nCol
cvReleaseMat( &diff ); 

#pragma comment( lib, "cxcore.lib" )
#include "cv.h"
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    CvMat* mat = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1);
    cvZero(mat);//将矩阵置0
    //为矩阵元素赋值
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 0, 0 ) = 1.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 0, 1 ) = 2.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 0, 2 ) = 3.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 1, 0 ) = 4.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 1, 1 ) = 5.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 1, 2 ) = 6.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 2, 0 ) = 7.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 2, 1 ) = 8.f;
    CV_MAT_ELEM( *mat, float, 2, 2 ) = 9.f;
    //获得矩阵元素(0,2)的值
    float *p = (float*)cvPtr2D(mat, 0, 2);
    printf("%f
",*p);
    return 0;
}