Android应用不可避免会发生crash,也称之为崩溃。发生原因可能是由于Android系统底层的bug,也可能是由于不充分的机型适配或者是糟糕的网络情况。当crash发生时,系统会kill掉正在执行的程序,现象就是闪退或者提示用户程序已停止运行。更糟糕的是,当用户发生了crash,开发者却无法得知程序为何crash,因此需要知道用户当时的crash信息。为此Android提供了处理这类问题的方法,即Thread类中的一个方法setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler
:
/**
* Sets the default uncaught exception handler.
* This handler is invoked in case any Thread due to unhandled exception.
*
* @param handler
* The handler to set or null.
*/
public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler handler){
Thread.defaultUncaughtHandler = handler;
}
当crash发生的时候,系统就会回调UncaughtExceptionHandler的uncaughtException方法,在uncaughtException方法中就可以获取到异常信息。
下面是一个典型的异常处理器的实现:
public class CrashHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
private static final String TAG = "CrashHandler";
private static final boolean DEBUG = true;
private static final String PATH = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/CrashTest/log/";
private static final String FILE_NAME = "crash";
private static final String FILE_NAME_SUFFIX = ".trace";
private static CrashHandler sInstance = new CrashHandler();
private Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultCrashHandler;
private Context mContext;
private CrashHandler(){
}
public static CrashHandler getInstance(){
return sInstance;
}
public void init(Context context){
mDefaultCrashHandler = Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);
mContext = context.getApplicationContext();
}
/**
* 这个是最关键的函数,当程序中有未被捕获的异常,系统将会自动调用#uncaught-
* thread为出现未捕获异常的线程,ex为未捕获的异常,有了这个ex,就可以得到异常信息
*/
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex){
try{
//导入异常信息到SD卡中
dumpExceptionToSDCard(ex);
//这里可以上传异常信息到服务器,便于开发人员分析日志从而解决bug
uploadExceptionToServer();
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
ex.printStackTrace();
//如果系统提供了默认的异常处理器,则交给系统去结束程序,否则就由自己结束自己
if(mDefaultCrashHandler != null){
mDefaultCrashHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);
}else{
android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
}
}
private void dumpExceptionToSDCard(Throwable ex) throws IOException{
//如果SD卡不存在或无法使用,则无法把异常信息写入SD卡
if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
if(DEBUG){
Log.w(TAG, "sdcard unmounted,skip dump exception");
return;
}
}
File dir = new File(PATH);
if(!dir.exists()){
dir.mkdirs();
}
long current = System.currentTimeMillis();
String time = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date(current));
File file = new File(PATH + FILE_NAME + time + FILE_NAME_SUFFIX);
try{
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file)));
pw.println(time);
dumpPhoneInfo(pw);
pw.println();
ex.printStackTrace(pw);
pw.close();
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e(TAG, "dump crash info failing");
}
}
private void dumpPhoneInfo(PrintWriter pw)throws PackageManager.NameNotFoundException{
PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(mContext.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
pw.print("APP Version: ");
pw.print(pi.versionName);
pw.print('_');
pw.println(pi.versionCode);
//Android版本号
pw.print("OS Version: ");
pw.print(Build.VERSION.RELEASE);
pw.print('_');
pw.println(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT);
//手机制造商
pw.print("Vendor: ");
pw.println(Build.MANUFACTURER);
//手机型号
pw.print("Model: ");
pw.println(Build.MODEL);
//CPU架构
pw.print("CPU ABI: ");
pw.println(Build.CPU_ABI);
}
private void uploadExceptionToServer(){
//TODO Upload Exception Message To Web Server
}
}
上面的CrashHandler使用也很简单,可以选择在Application初始化的时候为线程设置CrashHandler,如下所示:
public class MainApplication extends MultiDexApplication {
private static MainApplication sInstance;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
sInstance = this;
CrashHandler crashHandler = CrashHandler.getInstance();
crashHandler.init(this);
}
public static MainApplication getInstance(){
return sInstance;
}