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  • 04 MySQL之函数

    01-数学函数

    数学函数主要用来处理数值数据。

    # 1、绝对值函数 ABS(x) 和 返回圆周率的函数 PI()
    ABS(x) 返回x的绝对值。
    例:
    mysql> select ABS(2), ABS(-32), ABS(-2.3);
    +--------+----------+-----------+
    | ABS(2) | ABS(-32) | ABS(-2.3) |
    +--------+----------+-----------+
    |      2 |       32 |       2.3 |
    +--------+----------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)
    
    PI() 返回 3.14....的值。默认显示6位小数。
    例:
    mysql> select pi();
    +----------+
    | pi()     |
    +----------+
    | 3.141593 |
    +----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 2、平方根函数SQRT(x) 和 求余函数MOD(x, y)
    SQRT(x) 返回非负数x的二次方根。
    例:
    mysql> select sqrt(9), sqrt(25), sqrt(-49);
    +---------+----------+-----------+
    | sqrt(9) | sqrt(25) | sqrt(-49) |
    +---------+----------+-----------+
    |       3 |        5 |      NULL |
    +---------+----------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    MOD(x, y) 返回x除以y的余数。
    例:
    mysql> select mod(41, 7), mod(27.5, 5), mod(45, 10);
    +------------+--------------+-------------+
    | mod(41, 7) | mod(27.5, 5) | mod(45, 10) |
    +------------+--------------+-------------+
    |          6 |          2.5 |           5 |
    +------------+--------------+-------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 3、获取整数的函数CEIL(x)、CEILING(x)、FLOOR(x)
    CEIL(x)、CEILING(x) 意义相同,返回不小于x的最小整数,返回值转化为一个BIGINT。
    例:
    mysql> select ceil(-3.4), ceil(-3.7), ceiling(-3.7), ceil(3.4);
    +------------+------------+---------------+-----------+
    | ceil(-3.4) | ceil(-3.7) | ceiling(-3.7) | ceil(3.4) |
    +------------+------------+---------------+-----------+
    |         -3 |         -3 |            -3 |         4 |
    +------------+------------+---------------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    FLOOR(x) 返回不大于x的最大整数值。返回值转化为一个BIGINT。
    例:
    mysql> select floor(3.4), floor(3), floor(-3.4), floor(-3.7), floor(3.7);
    +------------+----------+-------------+-------------+------------+
    | floor(3.4) | floor(3) | floor(-3.4) | floor(-3.7) | floor(3.7) |
    +------------+----------+-------------+-------------+------------+
    |          3 |        3 |          -4 |          -4 |          3 |
    +------------+----------+-------------+-------------+------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 4、获取随机数的函数 RAND() 和 RAND(x)
    例:
    mysql> select rand(), rand(), rand();
    +---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
    | rand()              | rand()              | rand()             |
    +---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
    | 0.25413118047093153 | 0.40886388850292554 | 0.2819259318354781 |
    +---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    不带参数的RAND()每次产生的随机数值是不同的。
    
    mysql> select rand(5), rand(5), rand(10);
    +---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
    | rand(5)             | rand(5)             | rand(10)           |
    +---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
    | 0.40613597483014313 | 0.40613597483014313 | 0.6570515219653505 |
    +---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    当RAND()的参数相同时,将产生相同的随机数,不同的x产生的随机数也不同。
    
    # 5、函数ROUND(x)、ROUND(x, y)和TRUNCATE(x,y)
    ROUND(x) 返回最接近于参数x的整数,对x值进行四舍五入。
    例:
    mysql> select round(-1.5),round(-1.45),round(-1.6),round(1.5),round(1.55),round(2.1);
    +-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------+
    | round(-1.5) | round(-1.45) | round(-1.6) | round(1.5) | round(1.55) | round(2.1) |
    +-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------+
    |          -2 |           -1 |          -2 |          2 |           2 |          2 |
    +-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    ROUND(x) 返回最接近于参数x的整数,对x值进行四舍五入,结果保留小数点后面y位。
    例:
    mysql> select round(-1.5, 1),round(-1.45, 3),round(-1.6, 0),round(1.5, 5),round(1.55);
    +----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+
    | round(-1.5, 1) | round(-1.45, 3) | round(-1.6, 0) | round(1.5, 5) | round(1.55) |
    +----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+
    |           -1.5 |          -1.450 |             -2 |       1.50000 |           2 |
    +----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    当 y 值为负数时,保留小数点左边的相应位数直接保存为0,不进行四舍五入。
    例:
    mysql> select round(1234.5, -1),round(123.45, -2),round(123.45, -3),round(12345.6, -4);
    +-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | round(1234.5, -1) | round(123.45, -2) | round(123.45, -3) | round(12345.6, -4) |
    +-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    |              1230 |               100 |                 0 |              10000 |
    +-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    TRUNCATE(x,y) 返回被舍去至小数点后y位的数字x。不进行四舍五入。
    例:
    mysql> select truncate(123.456, -1), truncate(123.456, 1),truncate(123.456, -2), truncate(123.456, 2),truncate(123.456, 4);
    +-----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
    | truncate(123.456, -1) | truncate(123.456, 1) | truncate(123.456, -2) | truncate(123.456, 2) | truncate(123.456, 4) |
    +-----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
    |                   120 |                123.4 |                   100 |               123.45 |             123.4560 |
    +-----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 6、符号函数 SIGN(x)
    SIGN(x) 返回参数的符号,x的值为负,0或正时,返回结果依次为 -1、0 或 1。
    例:
    mysql> select sign(-2), sign(-8.78), sign(3.1), sign(0);
    +----------+-------------+-----------+---------+
    | sign(-2) | sign(-8.78) | sign(3.1) | sign(0) |
    +----------+-------------+-----------+---------+
    |       -1 |          -1 |         1 |       0 |
    +----------+-------------+-----------+---------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 7、幂运算函数 POW(x, y)、POWER(x, y)和 EXP(x)
    POW(x, y)、POWER(x, y) 返回x的y次方。
    EXP(x) 返回 e 的x乘方后的值。
    例:
    mysql> select pow(2, 3), power(2, 3), exp(2);
    +-----------+-------------+------------------+
    | pow(2, 3) | power(2, 3) | exp(2)           |
    +-----------+-------------+------------------+
    |         8 |           8 | 7.38905609893065 |
    +-----------+-------------+------------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)
    
    # 8、对数函数LOG(x) 和 LOG10(x)
    LOG(x) 返回x的自然对数,以e为底的。
    例:
    mysql> select log(5), log10(100);
    +--------------------+------------+
    | log(5)             | log10(100) |
    +--------------------+------------+
    | 1.6094379124341003 |          2 |
    +--------------------+------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 9、正弦函数 SIN(x) 和 反正弦函数 ASIN(x)
    SIN(x) 返回x正弦,x为弧度值。

    02-字符串函数

    2.1 计算字符串字符数的函数和字符串长度的函数

    CHAR_LENGTH(str) 返回字符串str 字符的个数。
    例:
    mysql> select char_length('hyp'), char_length('date'), char_length('data_test');
    +--------------------+---------------------+--------------------------+
    | char_length('hyp') | char_length('date') | char_length('data_test') |
    +--------------------+---------------------+--------------------------+
    |                  3 |                   4 |                        9 |
    +--------------------+---------------------+--------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

    2.2 合并字符串长度 CONCAT(s1, s2, s3, ...)、CONCAT_WS(x, s1, s2, s3, ...)

    CONCAT(s1, s2, s3, ...) 结果为连接参数产生的字符串。
    CONCAT_WS(x, s1, s2, s3, ...) x为分隔符。
    例:
    mysql> select concat('data', 'test'), concat('data', ' test'), concat_ws('_','data', 'test');
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
    | concat('data', 'test') | concat('data', ' test') | concat_ws('_','data', 'test') |
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
    | datatest               | data test               | data_test                     |
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.3 替换字符串函数 INSERT(s1, x, len, s2)

    INSERT(s1, x, len, s2) 返回字符串s1,其子字符串起始于x位置和被字符串s2取代的len字符。如果x大于字符串长度,则返回值为原始字符串。若任何一个参数为NULL,则返回值为NULL。
    例:
    mysql> select insert('data_test', 2, 4, 'xxxx'), insert('data_test', 2, 8, 'xxxx'), insert('data_test', 2, 4, null);
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------+
    | insert('data_test', 2, 4, 'xxxx') | insert('data_test', 2, 8, 'xxxx') | insert('data_test', 2, 4, null) |
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------+
    | dxxxxtest                         | dxxxx                             | NULL                            |
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.4 字母大小写转换函数 LOWER(str)

    将所有字符都转换成小写字母。
    例:
    mysql> select lower('DATA'), lower('Data'),lower('DaTa');
    +---------------+---------------+---------------+
    | lower('DATA') | lower('Data') | lower('DaTa') |
    +---------------+---------------+---------------+
    | data          | data          | data          |
    +---------------+---------------+---------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.5 获取指定长度的字符串 LEFT(s, n) 和 RIGHT(s, n)

    LEFT(s, n) 返回字符串s 开始的最左边 n 个字符。
    RIGHT(s, n) 返回字符串s 最右边 n 个字符。
    例:
    mysql> select left('data_test', 3), left('data_test', 5), right('data_test', 3);
    +----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
    | left('data_test', 3) | left('data_test', 5) | right('data_test', 3) |
    +----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
    | dat                  | data_                | est                   |
    +----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.6 填充字符串函数 LPAD(Ss1, len, s2)、RPAD(Ss1, len, s2)

    LPAD(Ss1, len, s2) 返回字符串s1,其左边由字符串s2填补到len字符长度。如果s1的长度大于len,则返回值被缩短至len字符串。
    RPAD(Ss1, len, s2) 返回字符串s1,其右边由字符串s2填补到len字符长度。如果s1的长度大于len,则返回值被缩短至len字符串。
    例:
    mysql> select  lpad('hello', 4, '??'), lpad('hello', 10, '??'),rpad('hello', 10, '??'),rpad('hello', 4, '??');
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
    | lpad('hello', 4, '??') | lpad('hello', 10, '??') | rpad('hello', 10, '??') | rpad('hello', 4, '??') |
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
    | hell                   | ?????hello              | hello?????              | hell                   |
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.7 删除空格的函数 LTRIM(s)、RTRIM(s) 和 TRIM(s)

    LTRIM(s) 返回字符串s左侧空格被删除的值。
    RTRIM(s) 返回字符串s右侧空格被删除的值。
    TRIM(s) 返回字符串s 两侧空格被删除的值。
    例:
    mysql> select ltrim('  data  '), rtrim('  data  '), trim('  data  ');
    +-------------------+-------------------+------------------+
    | ltrim('  data  ') | rtrim('  data  ') | trim('  data  ') |
    +-------------------+-------------------+------------------+
    | data              |   data            | data             |
    +-------------------+-------------------+------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.8 删除指定字符串函数 TRIM(s1 from s)

    删除字符串 s 中两端所有的子字符串s1。 而不删除中间的 s1
    例:
    mysql> select trim('aa' from 'qweaaasewraaerfdaartyaa'), trim('aa' from 'aaqweaaasewraaerfdaartyaa');
    +-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
    | trim('aa' from 'qweaaasewraaerfdaartyaa') | trim('aa' from 'aaqweaaasewraaerfdaartyaa') |
    +-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
    | qweaaasewraaerfdaarty                     | qweaaasewraaerfdaarty                       |
    +-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.9 重复删除字符串函数 REPEAT(s, n)

    返回一个有重复字符串s组成的字符串。
    例:
    mysql> select repeat('MySQL', 3);
    +--------------------+
    | repeat('MySQL', 3) |
    +--------------------+
    | MySQLMySQLMySQL    |
    +--------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.10 空格函数 SPACE(n) 和 替换函数 REPLACE(s, s1, s2)

    SPACE(n) 返回一个由n个空格组成的字符串。
    REPLACE(s, s1, s2) 使用s2代替字符串s中所有的s1。
    例:
    mysql> select space(5), replace('data_xxx', 'a', 'w');
    +----------+-------------------------------+
    | space(5) | replace('data_xxx', 'a', 'w') |
    +----------+-------------------------------+
    |          | dwtw_xxx                      |
    +----------+-------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.11 比较字符串大小的函数 STRCMP(s1, s2)

    STRCMP(s1, s2) 若字符串都相同,则返回0;第一个参数小于第二个,则返回-1,其他情况返回1。
    例:
    mysql> select strcmp('data', 'data'), strcmp('data', 'data2'), strcmp('data3', 'data'), strcmp('test5', 'data');                   
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
    | strcmp('data', 'data') | strcmp('data', 'data2') | strcmp('data3', 'data') | strcmp('test5', 'data') |
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
    |                      0 |                      -1 |                       1 |                       1 |
    +------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.12 获取子串的函数 SUBSTRING(s, n, len)  和 MID(s, n, len)

    SUBSTRING(s, n, len) 从字符串s返回一个长度同len字符相同的子字符串,起始于位置n。
    例:
    mysql> select substring('leanmysql', 4), substring('leanmysql', 2, 4), substring('leanmysql', -5, 3);
    +---------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+
    | substring('leanmysql', 4) | substring('leanmysql', 2, 4) | substring('leanmysql', -5, 3) |
    +---------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+
    | nmysql                    | eanm                         | mys                           |
    +---------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    MID(s, n, len) 与 SUBSTRING(s, n, len) 作用相同。

    2.13 匹配子串开始位置的函数 LOCATE(str1, str)、POSITION(str1 IN str) 和 INSTR(str, str1)

    3个函数的作用相同,返回子字符串str1在字符串str中的开始位置。
    例:
    mysql> select locate('el', 'helllo');
    +------------------------+
    | locate('el', 'helllo') |
    +------------------------+
    |                      2 |
    +------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.14 字符串逆序的函数 REVERSE(s)

    将字符串s反转。
    例:
    mysql> select reverse('hello');
    +------------------+
    | reverse('hello') |
    +------------------+
    | olleh            |
    +------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.15 返回指定位置的字符串函数 ELT(N, str1, str2, str3, ...)

    若N=1,则返回值为str1,以此类推。
    例:
    mysql> select elt(2, 'a', 'b', 'c'), elt(4, 'a', 'b', 'c');
    +-----------------------+-----------------------+
    | elt(2, 'a', 'b', 'c') | elt(4, 'a', 'b', 'c') |
    +-----------------------+-----------------------+
    | b                     | NULL                  |
    +-----------------------+-----------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.16 返回指定字符串位置的函数 FIELD(s, s1, s2, s3, ...)

    返回字符串s在s1, s2, s3, .....中第一次出现的位置,在找不到s的情况下,返回值为0。
    例:
    mysql> select field('a', 'data', 'cbda');
    +----------------------------+
    | field('a', 'data', 'cbda') |
    +----------------------------+
    |                          0 |
    +----------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select field('a', 'hello', 'a', 'very');
    +----------------------------------+
    | field('a', 'hello', 'a', 'very') |
    +----------------------------------+
    |                                2 |
    +----------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.17 返回子字符串位置的函数 FIND_IN_SET(s1, s2)

    返回s1在s2中出现的位置。s2是个字符串列表,由 逗号 隔开。
    例:
    mysql> select find_in_set('e', 'hello');
    +---------------------------+
    | find_in_set('e', 'hello') |
    +---------------------------+
    |                         0 |
    +---------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select find_in_set('e', 'h,e,ll,o');
    +------------------------------+
    | find_in_set('e', 'h,e,ll,o') |
    +------------------------------+
    |                            2 |
    +------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.18 选取字符串的函数 MAKE_SET(x, s1, s2, ...)

    03-日期与时间函数

    3.1 获取当前日期的函数 和 获取当前时间的函数

    CURDATE() 和 CURRENT_DATE() 的作用相同,将当前日期按照 'YYYY-MM-DD' 或 YYYYMMDD 格式的值返回。
    例:
    mysql> select curdate(), current_date(), curdate()+0;
    +------------+----------------+-------------+
    | curdate()  | current_date() | curdate()+0 |
    +------------+----------------+-------------+
    | 2019-07-23 | 2019-07-23     |    20190723 |
    +------------+----------------+-------------+
    1 row in set (0.02 sec)
    注:CURDATE()+0 将当前日期值转换为数值型。
    
    CURTIME() 和 CURRENT_TIME() 将当前时间以 'HH:MM:SS' 或 HHMMSS的格式返回。
    例:
    mysql> select curtime(), current_time(), curtime()+0;
    +-----------+----------------+-------------+
    | curtime() | current_time() | curtime()+0 |
    +-----------+----------------+-------------+
    | 15:52:13  | 15:52:13       |      155213 |
    +-----------+----------------+-------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.2 获取当前日期和时间的函数

    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()、LOCALTIME()、NOW()、SYSDATE()
    4个函数的作用相同,均返回当前日期和时间的值。格式为:'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' 或 YYYYMMDDHHMMSS。
    例:
    mysql> select current_timestamp(), localtime();
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    | current_timestamp() | localtime()         |
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    | 2019-10-23 15:57:24 | 2019-10-23 15:57:24 |
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select now(), sysdate();
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    | now()               | sysdate()           |
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    | 2019-10-23 15:57:42 | 2019-10-23 15:57:42 |
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.3 UNIX时间戳函数

    UTC_TIMESTAMP(date)

    3.4 返回UTC日期的函数和返回UTC日期的函数

    UTC_DATE()
    UTC_TIME()
    例:
    mysql> select utc_date(), utc_date()+0;
    +------------+--------------+
    | utc_date() | utc_date()+0 |
    +------------+--------------+
    | 2019-10-23 |     20191023 |
    +------------+--------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select utc_time(), utc_time()+0;
    +------------+--------------+
    | utc_time() | utc_time()+0 |
    +------------+--------------+
    | 08:00:45   |        80045 |
    +------------+--------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.5 获取月份的函数 MONTH(date)和 MONTHNAME(date)

    mysql> select month('2019-09-10'), monthname('2019-09-10');
    +---------------------+-------------------------+
    | month('2019-09-10') | monthname('2019-09-10') |
    +---------------------+-------------------------+
    |                   9 | September               |
    +---------------------+-------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.6 获取星期的函数 DAYNAME(d)、 DAYOFWEEK(d)、 WEEKDAY(d)

    mysql> select dayname('2019-09-09'), dayofweek('2019-09-09'), weekday('2019-09-09');
    +-----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+
    | dayname('2019-09-09') | dayofweek('2019-09-09') | weekday('2019-09-09') |
    +-----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+
    | Monday                |                       2 |                     0 |
    +-----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.7 获取星期数的函数 WEEK(d)、WEEKOFYEAR(d)

    mysql> select week('2019-09-09'), weekofyear('2019-09-09');
    +--------------------+--------------------------+
    | week('2019-09-09') | weekofyear('2019-09-09') |
    +--------------------+--------------------------+
    |                 36 |                       37 |
    +--------------------+--------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.8 获取天数的函数 DAYOFYEAR(d)、DAYOFMONTH(d)

    mysql> select dayofyear('2019-09-09'), dayofmonth('2019-09-09');
    +-------------------------+--------------------------+
    | dayofyear('2019-09-09') | dayofmonth('2019-09-09') |
    +-------------------------+--------------------------+
    |                     252 |                        9 |
    +-------------------------+--------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.9 获取年份、季度、小时、分钟 和 秒钟的函数

    mysql> select year('2019-09-09'), quarter('2019-09-09'), minute('07:08:10'), second('07:08:10');
    +--------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
    | year('2019-09-09') | quarter('2019-09-09') | minute('07:08:10') | second('07:08:10') |
    +--------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
    |               2019 |                     3 |                  8 |                 10 |
    +--------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    3.10 获取日期指定值的函数 EXTRACT(type from date)

    3.11 计算日期与时间的函数

    3.12 将日期与时间格式化的函数 DATE_FORMAT(date, format)

    04-条件判断函数

    4.1 IF(expr, v1, v2)

    mysql> select if(1>2, 'yes', 'no');
    +----------------------+
    | if(1>2, 'yes', 'no') |
    +----------------------+
    | no                   |
    +----------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    4.2 IFNULL(v1, v2)函数

    mysql> select ifnull(1, 2), ifnull(null, 2);
    +--------------+-----------------+
    | ifnull(1, 2) | ifnull(null, 2) |
    +--------------+-----------------+
    |            1 |               2 |
    +--------------+-----------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

    4.3 CASE函数

    05-系统信息函数

    5.1 获取MySQL版本号、连接数和数据库名的函数

    mysql> select version(), connection_id();
    +-----------+-----------------+
    | version() | connection_id() |
    +-----------+-----------------+
    | 5.7.28    |               5 |
    +-----------+-----------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show full processlist;
    +----+--------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------+
    | Id | User         | Host      | db      | Command | Time | State    | Info                  |
    +----+--------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------+
    |  5 | xxxxxxxxx    | localhost | test_db | Query   |    0 | starting | show full processlist |
    +----+--------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> select database(), schema();
    +------------+----------+
    | database() | schema() |
    +------------+----------+
    | test_db    | test_db  |
    +------------+----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    5.2 获取用户名的函数

    mysql> select user(), current_user(), system_user();
    +---------------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
    | user()        | current_user()                    | system_user() |
    +---------------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
    | huangyanpeng@ | skip-grants user@skip-grants host | huangyanpeng@ |
    +---------------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    5.3 获取字符串的字符集和排序方式的函数

    mysql> select charset('abc');
    +----------------+
    | charset('abc') |
    +----------------+
    | utf8           |
    +----------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    COLLATION() 返回字符串的排列方式

    5.4 获取最后一个自动生成ID值的函数

    LAST_INSERT_ID() 自动返回最后一个insert、update或auto_increment列设置的第一个发生的值。
    mysql> select last_insert_id();
    +------------------+
    | last_insert_id() |
    +------------------+
    |                0 |
    +------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    06-加/解密函数

    6.1 PASSWORD(str)

    mysql> select password('abc');
    +-------------------------------------------+
    | password('abc')                           |
    +-------------------------------------------+
    | *0D3CED9BEC10A777AEC23CCC353A8C08A633045E |
    +-------------------------------------------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

    6.2 加密函数 MD5(str)

    mysql> select md5('abc');
    +----------------------------------+
    | md5('abc')                       |
    +----------------------------------+
    | 900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72 |
    +----------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

    6.3 加密函数 ENCODE(str, pswd_str)

    使用pswd_str作为密码,加密str。

    6.4 解密函数 DECODE(crypt_str, pswd_str)

    使用pswd_str作为密码,解密加密字符串crypt_str。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hyp1108/p/11725322.html
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